Objective To explore the significance of changes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-oα) protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with viral encephalitis (VE).Methods The concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE),structural proteins 100B (S100B),and MMP-9,IL-6,TNF-α in the CSF of VE children were detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the correlations of them were analyzed.Results NSE,S100B,MMP-9,IL-6,TNF-α protein expression could be found significantly higher than those in the control group,and there were significant differences according to statistics expression trends(all P ＜0.05).The NSE protein expression was significantly positive related with S100B in the VE group (r =0.467,P =0.009),and the concentration was markedly negative related with the duration of viral encephalitis (r =-0.472,P =0.008).MMP-9,IL-6 protein expression were significantly positive related with NSE,S100B respectively (r =0.698,P =0.00 ; r =0.559,P =0.00 ; r =0.812,P =0.00 ; r =0.664,P =0.00).TNF-α protein expression was positive related with CSF S100B(r =0.363,P =0.049),but there was no correlation between TNF-α and NSE (r =0.245,P =0.193).Conclusions The neurons and the neuroglial cells are damaged in the viral encephalitis children.MMP-9,IL-6,TNF-α protein may participate in the pathological damage process of nerve cells in VE children in different degrees.

Objective To compare the difference of kidney function evaluated by using 3 different estimated glomerular filtration rate(GFR) equations in populations .Methods Retrospectively analyzed 65 856 patients who measured serum creatinine and Cysta‐tin C at the same time ,and come from the outpatients or inpatients of the hospital .The estimated GFR (eGFR) were calculated through 3 equations ,then compared the eGFR in the population and among different groups according to different kidney functions , and then grouped the people enrolled in the study again according to the eGFR calculated by using the 3 different equations and compared the differences among groups .Results Compared with the eGFR calculated by using Creatinine equation ,the correlation coefficients of the eGFRs calculated by using the other two equations were 0 .81 and 0 .90 ,respectively ,both P<0 .05 ;The differ‐ence between the means of eGFR were 6 .19 and 1 .79 mL/(min × 1 .73 m2 ) respectively with obvious significance (P<0 .01) ,in consistency analysis .There were obvious overestimation of kidney function when using Creatinine equation to calculate eGFR .Con‐clusion There is consistence and obvious difference by using the 3 CKD‐EPI′s eGFR equations .Physicians should choose suitable equations to evaluate kidney function in different populations .

Objective To explore the serum level of Glucagon like peptide-1 in late-onset Alzheimer′s patients and its clinical significance.Methods Case control study.Collecting cerebral vascular disease fifty-five cases, diagnosed with late-onset Alzheimer′s disease sixty-one cases, type 2 diabetes mellitus fifty-one cases , type 2 diabetic patients combined with late-onset Alzheimer′s disease thirty-seven patients from the Shanghai East Hospital and partly Pudong area elderdly hospital during October 2013 to March 2014, and forty healthy persons as normal control from physical examination center of Shanghai East Hospital during September 2013 to February 2014.Measuring the concentrations of GLP-1,β-amyloid, Tau protein and other routinely used clinical tests in the serum of patients from the normal controls , cerebrovascular disease , late-onset Alzheimer′s disease, type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with late-onset Alzheimer′s disease by ELISA method developed in our laboratory.The blood samples were also collected at three fixed time including fasting time ,1 hour after taking glucose , 2 hour after taking glucose, the concentrations of GLP-1 were determined in the LOAD group , T2DM group and the T2DM combined with LOAD group and normal control group.The concentrations of serum GLP-1 among groups were compared with single factor analysis of variance , and the concentrations of serum GLP-1 between the two groups were compared using LSD-t test.Analysing the correlation between GLP-1 and other indicators with Pearson analysis.Results The fasting GLP-1 levels of LOAD group were ( 123.4 ±20.8 ) nmol/L, and they were highest between the normal control group (78.6 ±6.0) nmol/L and the cerebral blood vessel disease group(89.0 ±8.7)nmol/L (F values were 3.46 and 1.98, P<0.05).The fasting GLP-1 levels of T2DM combined with LOAD group (157.9 ±28.6) nmol/L were higher than the LOAD group (123.4 ± 20.8) nmol/L (t =1.63,P <0.05), but there were no difference of the fasting GLP-1 levels between T2DM combined with LOAD group (157.9 ±28.6) nmol/L and T2DM group(153.8 ±18.0)nmol/L(t=0.96,P>0.05).Deficient secretion of GLP-1 after taking glucose 1 hour in most of the patients of T2DM combined with LOAD group (99.1 ±14.2) nmol/L, LOAD group(73.9 ±6.6 ) nmol/L and T2DM group (96.3 ±7.0 ) nmol/L could be concluded .The GLP-1 levels of T2DM combined with LOAD group after taking sugar 2 hour were (115.4 ±18.6)nmol/L ,and were higher than that of normal levels (63.3 ±6.2) nmol/L after taking sugar 2 hour(t=4.49,P<0.05).There were no difference between the GLP-1 levels of the LOAD group (73.6 ±5.8 )nmol/L and the GLP-1 levels of the normal group(63.3 ±6.2)nmol/L after taking sugar 2 hour (t=0.94,P>0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the relationship of the levels of GLP-1 with Aβ( 1-42 ) and the levels of GLP-1 after taking glucose 1 h and 2 h were positively relative, and its coefficients of correlation were 0.401,0.436,0.722.Conclusions LOAD and T2MD are similar, and they have GLP-1 secretion shortage phenomenon after taking glucose , so monitoring dynamic change of GLP-1 after taking glucose may contribute to the auxiliary diagnosis of LOAD.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Dimethylformamide ; adverse effects ; Formamides ; analysis ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; physiopathology ; urine ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure

OBJECTIVETo evaluate cost-effectiveness of poking reduction and open reduction for the treatment of Sanders type II calcaneal fractures, in order to provide evidence for standard treatment.

METHODSFrom 2006.10 to 2008.10, 80 patients with Sanders type II calcaneal fractures were selected from Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and randomly divided into poking reduction group and open reduction group with 40 cases in each group. There were 26 males and 14 females in poking reduction group and 30 males and 10 females in open reduction group. The average age of patients in poking reduction group was (36.60+/-3.15) years, and (37.10+/-3.45) years in open reduction group. Bohler angle, Gissane angle, the width of central calcaneus, stance phase of gait, HM-HL,arch index and subtalair joint flexibility were measured. The clinical results and expenses of the two treatment schemes were compared and concluded with the method of cost-effetiveness analysis.

RESULTSIn the poking reduction group and open reduction group, the Böhler angle were (30.32+/-1.72) degree and (30.54+/-3.13) degree, Gissane angle were (133.73+/-6.73) degree and (134.86+/-4.90) degree, the width of central calcaneus were (30.18+/-1.59) mm and (30.24+/-1.25) mm, stance phase of gait were (0.679+/-0.070) s and (0.715+/-0.090) s, HM-HL were--(36.49+/-7.56) N and -(34.32+/-6.50) N,arch index were (30.26+/-2.69) and (30.47+/-1.89), and subtalair joint flexibility were (10.53+/-2.30) degree and (10.89+/-1.86) degree respectively. The cost-effectiveness ratio (C/E) were 6.06 and 136.19 respectively.

CONCLUSIONCost-effectiveness ratio of the poking reduction is superior to that of the open reduction in treating Sanders type II calcaneal fractures. Poking reduction is a useful method to treat Sanders type II calcaneal fractures with rapid wound healing and less cost.

Adult ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; economics ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

r study.

Objective To investigate the correlation of CAGs repeat size and age of onset in patients with Kennedy's Disease (KD).Methods We detected the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor genes in 30 patients with KD.The correlation of CAGs repeat size with age of onset was analyzed.At the same time,the Appel scale that could represent the degree of motor functional impairment was scored in every patient.The correlation of Appel scale with CAGs repeat size and the course of disease were analyzed.Results Significant correlation was found between the number of CAGs with age of onset (r= -0.671,P <0.01 ).There was also correlation between the Appel score and the course of disease (r=0.855,P<0.01 ),but no correlation between the Appel score and the number of CAGs (r =0.100,P =0.601 ).Conclusions It is found that in Kennedy' disease,as well as in other CAG repeat diseases,the length of polyglutamine tract determines the age of onset ,but has no correlation with the severity of the disease.

Objective Platelet activating factor(PAF),which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation in asthma,is degraded and inactivated by PAF acetlhydrolase(PAF AH).To investigate the association of PAF AH activity with genotype in asthmatic children.Methods We studied 57 asthmatic children and 30 normal controls. The plasma PAF AH genotype was detected as representative case with 3 different genotypes (Val/Val,Val/Phe and Phe/Phe) by allele specific polymerase chain reaction(AS PCR).The PAF AH activity in plasam was examined by the changes of substrate assay.Results In severe asthmatic individuals plasma PAF AH activities were lower than those of mild or moderate groups and control group,and plasma PAF AH activition was absent 15.4 %.In another three groups plasma PAF AH activation were absent 2 %-3 %.There was significant difference of plasma PAF AH activity among 3 groups of genotype(Val/Val,Val/Phe and Phe/Phe).In the similar genotype, there was no significant difference of plasma PAF AH activity between the groups of control and asthma.Conclusions There was imbalace of PAF/PAF AH in asthmatic children. In severe asthmatic individuals plasma PAF AH activities were lower than those of mild or moderate groups and control group. PAF AH(Val279Phe) gene mutation was related with plasma PAF AH activity.

A total of 17 cases with pelvic limb hyperhidrosis were selected for lumbar sympathetic nerve modulation.The puncture of lumbar sympathetic nerve was guided by computed tomography (CT) through the gap of L2-3 until the needle tip reached the lateral of the second or third lumbar vertebra body and outside of psoas major.A mixture of 1％ lidocaine 3 ml and 30％ Iohexol injection 0.3 ml was injected.If the diffusion of lidocaine was observed between lumbar vertebra body and psoas major.After 15 min,5 ml of absolute alcohol was injected to modulate the lumbar sympathetic nerve.After 5 min,oximetry-derived perfusion index of toe and sole temperature increased (5.9 ± 1.4) folds and (4.16± 0.89) ℃ on average respectively.Pelvic limb hyperhidrosis was all cured within 6 months and one case recurred after a year.There were no occurrences of complications.Lumbar sympathetic nerve modulation guided by CT may be used for treating female pelvic limbs hyperhidrosis.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have confirmed that tissue-engineered stem cel therapy is feasible to repair peripheral nerve injury, but the repair mechanism is unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the differentiation and homing of bone marrow mesechnymal stem cel s under local nerve microenvironment by exploring the migration and effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the repair of damaged nerve.
METHODS:Male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were selected to establish segmental nerve injury models by freezing the sciatic nerve. Thirty-six model rats were randomized into three groups (n=12):frozen nerve injury group, cel injection into the nerve group, cel injection around the nerve group. Before modeling and at 4, 8, 12 weeks after cel implantation, the sciatic nerve function index was measured. Electrophysiological test, contractility recovery rate, wet weight recovery rate of the triceps surae were detected and Masson staining was performed;toluidine blue staining of the distal nerve injury and immunofluorescence staining of the damaged nerve were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4, 8, 12 weeks after cel implantation, the sciatic nerve function index was ranked as fol ows:frozen nerve injury group