Autophagy is the cell biology process in which cytoplasmic components are degraded in lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis,it is involved in the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases (podocytopathies,IgA nephropathy,diabetic nephropathy,hereditary kidney disease),but its specific effect is still controversial.Most studies suggest that autophagy plays a protective role in kidney diseases,in the future,it may become a new target for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait of patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods Forty-two patients with Parkinson's disease were divided into an auditory stimulation group and a control group with 21 cases in each.Both groups received conventional drug treatment,but the auditory stimulation group also received rhythmic auditory stimulation training for 10 minutes,3 times daily for 3 weeks.This involved their attempting to walk in time with a beat.The 2 groups were assessed with gait tests using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system before training and after the 3 weeks of training.Assessments using the united Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS),Berg's balance scale and the 6-minute walk test were carried out.Results The auditory stimulation group's average stride length and stride frequency improved significantly after 3 weeks of treatment,and were then significantly better than the control group averages.Conclusion Rhythmic auditory stimulation helps improve the gait of Parkinson's disease sufferers and promotes the recovery of motor function.

20 cases of cavus deformity of foot were corrected by tarsal wedge osteotomy. The procedure was adopted because this type of deformity had its peculiar anatomical features. 18 feet were followed up postoperatively. and the result was found to be satisfactory 7 months to 5 years alter the operation. The following 2 problems were particularly discussed:1.Cavus defomity is characterized by a marked increase in the longitudinal arch and flexion of the forefoot, with the dome of the arch situating just under naviculo-cuneiform joint. It is therefore deemed most reasonable to perform osteotomy at this point. We think that this procedure gives better result than that recommended by McElvenny and Caldwell or v-osteotomy designed by Japas.2.In cavus foot the result of the operation depends a great deal on an accurate measuremnt of the deformity on the x-ray film. It was suggested that the deformity may be classified as mild, moderate and severe types basing on the measurement of the lateral x-ray film of the affected feet.

Aim To establish the fatty liver animal model induced by high-fat diet.Observe the dynamic variety of the hepatic steatosis in the different time.Finding out the ideal animal model-making time of hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver.Methods 50 wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet.The serum TG,TC,HDL,LDL,AST,and ALT were detected from 2 to 6 weeks.At the same time,we analyzed the hepatic steatosis situation. Results The rats developed hyperlipidemia and slight fatty liver after two weeks.In the following weeks,the serum lipid level and liver index kept rising.So did the amount of steatosis cells in liver tissue.The 3～4 weeks animal model had developed moderate fatty liver and the 5～6 weeks animal model had developed serious fatty liver.Liver fibrosis was detected in the 6 weeks animal model.Conclusions Feeding with high-fat diet,different phases of fatty liver had been developed in six weeks,and could been used for correlative pharmacological test.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is the syndrome of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) without clinical, laboratory or radiological evidence of intracranial pathology. IIH is a relatively rare disease but rapidly increasing incidence is reported due to a global increasing incidence of obesity. Disease course is generally said to be self-limiting within a few months. However, some patients experience a disabling condition of chronic severe headache and visual disturbances for years that limit their capacity to work. Permanent visual defects are serious and not infrequent complications. The pathophysiology of IIH is not fully understood yet. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have facilitated the exclusion of associated conditions that may mimic IIH. No causal treatment is yet known for IIH, and existing treatment is symptomatic and rarely sufficient. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of this potentially disabling disease.Theories of pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies are discussed.

Objective To observe the effect of systemic chemotherapy on conditions of tumor infiltrating,metastasis and disease-specific survival (DSS) for advanced retinoblastoma (RB).Methods Forty-one patients with advanced RB who received enucleation were enrolled in this study.There were 26 males and 15 females,age at diagnosis was ranged from 2 to 72 months,with a mean of 23.08 months.There were 16 bilateral patients and 25 unilateral patients;13 group D eyes and 28 group E eyes.16 patients received enucleation as the primary treatment (operation group),25 eyes received chemotherapy before enucleation (chemotherapy group).There was no significant statistical difference between two groups for the gender,unilateral and bilateral,international staging or diagnostic age (P＞0.05).The histopathology report was performed to assess the risk of postoperative tumor-node-metastasis staging (pTNM) in each patient,and the extent of tumor invasion in the optic nerve,choroid and anterior chamber was divided into 3 levels of low risk,medium risk and high risk.Five deaths were all in the group E with chemotherapy before enucleation.Using R software survival analysis software package survfit function,the application of Kaplan-Meier estimation method,DSS of RB children was calculated from the time of diagnosis,up to the date of the death of patient.DSS differences between chemotherapy,operation group and eye removal time (more than 3 months,less than 3 months) in group E RB children were analyzed.Results The proportion of high risk pTNM stage in chemotherapy group was significantly lower than the operation group.But there was no significant difference between the two groups in the overall risk classification (x2 =3.130,P=0.077).For group D eyes,the overall risk classification in chemotherapy group was significantly lower than the operation group (x2 =5.870,P=0.015).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the overall risk of group E eyes (x2 =0.020,P=0.889).The DSS in chemotherapy group and operation group were 0.71 and 1.00,respectively;the difference was significant (x2 =3.700,P=0.05).The DSS in children whose enucleation delayed for more than 3 months and children whose enucleation performed within 3 months were 0.64 and 1.00,respectively;the difference was significant (x2 =4.800,P=0.028).Conclusion Systemic chemotherapy did not reduce the risk of tumor invasion and metastasis in patients with advanced RB.Instead,it will reduce the DSS in group E eyes of RB.

Three cases of Pick's disease diagnosed by clinical observation, MRI, SPECT, PET and pathology were analysed. Compared with Alzheimer′s disease, Pick's disease consisted of the following features: ①The changes in personality, judgement, affection and emotion, Kl?ver Bucy syndrome, progressive non fluent aphasia,and the defect of semantic memory were prominent in the early stage, but the disturbance of cognition and visuospatial ability were relatively late. ②Marked cerebral atrophy in the temporal pole was showed in MRI. ③Hypoperfusion and hypometabolism could be found in the frontal and / or temporal cortexes on SPECT or PET scans. It is important to understand the salient features for early diagnosis of Pick's disease in clinic.

With dramatic decline of genome sequencing cost,high-throughput sequencing technologies have been applied in clinical laboratory field,and play an increasingly important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment in complex diseases.Based on omics techniques,clinical laboratory data recording patient's diagnosis information has become the important independent medical research resources of the major health industry.Because these data include the patient's identity information,there are a series of ethical issues to be solved,such as protection of patients' informed consent right,patient privacy protection,information security protection,when carrying out the medical health big data research.Based on these problems,it proposed clinical laboratory data should be standard extraction,establishment of clinical laboratory data base for teaching,training,in order to improve the utilization of medical resources.Moreover,it is best to implement the written informed consent during the process of sample collection,informing the patient the data collected in diagnosis and treatment process may be used in related research in future.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and serum fingerprints of Decoction for Puerperal Blood Stasis at different time.METHODS:The content of Ferulaic acid(FA) was determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic study was carried out.The active constituent in the Decoction for Puerperal Blood Stasis was analyzed based on the serum fingerprints of FA.RESULTS:The distribution and metabolism of FA in rabbits after oral administration of Decoction for Puerperal Blood Stasis assummed two compartment model.The fingerprints between serum at different time and blank serum showed significant differences.CONCLUSION:The content change of FA monitored with serum fingerprints was in line with the rule of pharmacokinetics of FA in Decoction for Puerperal Blood Stasis.The fingerprints can be applied to clarify the pharmacokinetic characteristics,the pharmacological action and the action mechanism of Decoction for Puerperal Blood Stasis.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effects of different intensive treatment on B islet cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 54 patients who had been newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive Insulin aspart 30 or Glimepiride combined with Metformin (oral hypoglycemic agent). The blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and B islet cell function in two groups before and after treatment were followed. RESULTS: After treatment, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in both group lowered significantly (P