Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are a group of inherited disorders characterized by enzyme defects that affect the glycogen metabolism. Hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and growth retardation are the main clinical manifestations. The enzymes affecting glycogen synthesis and degradation are varied.Consequently, the clinical manifestations are different because of different enzyme defection. Most patients treated regularly can obtain the normal growth and grow to adults, but still can be accompanied long-term complications by adulthood. Now some scientists find new modified cornstarch is superior to standard therapy in maintaining blood glucose levels. Gene therapy is still in the experimental animals.

Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) is defined by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER) , progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 ( Her-2) expression. It is a subtype of tumor with distinct clinical and pathologic features and lacks effective targeted therapies. It is non - sensitive to endocrine therapy and targeted therapy drug herceptin, leaving chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment The feature and the treatment of TNBC is the hotspot of resent research.

C-termini of proteins often play an important role in various biological processes, such as the transcription and translation from DNA to protein and also participating in various biological regulations. The determination of protein C-terminus is so crucial because it provides not only distinct functional annotation, but also a way to monitor the proteolysis-modified proteins. Based on the biological mass spectrometry, a series of novel methods and technologies were developed both for qualitative and quantitative analyses of protein C-terminus. These methods or technologies can be applied to accurate and effective protein C-terminus profiling, including the sequences and quantitative information of C-termini, which reveals the biological function of C-termini in life's activities and provides a better understanding of the degradation of mature proteins. Combined with our research, this review highlights the improvements in C-terminal proteomics study in the past decades, including the methodologies for recognition and identification of C-terminus, as well as the enrichment strategies for protein C-terminus.
Mass Spectrometry ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins ; chemistry ; Proteolysis ; Proteomics

[Summary] _ Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus are diseases which affect public heath severely, and osteoporotic fracture risk is increased in patients with diabetes. During recent years, new anti-diabetes drugs glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analogues and its receptor agonists had been used for diabetes treatment. As the research continues, besides of anti-diabetes, GLP-1 analogues are also found to play a role in bone metabolism and central nervous system by stimulating bone formation, inhibiting bone resorption, and nerve protection/nutrition, etc, suggesting that it may play an important role in the treatment of other diseases such as osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Xingnaojing injection on the efficacy and safety of patients with acute cere-bral infarction merge blood stasis syndrome. METHODS:70 patients with acute cerebral infarction merge blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into observation group(35 cases)and control group(35 cases). Control group received conventional treat-ment according to 2014 edition of Chinese guideline for diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stooke. Patients within throm-bolysis time window were given intravenaus infusion of rt-PA,and those out of thrombolysis time window orally received 0.3 g As-pirin tablet every evening,then 0.1 g after 1 week+40 mg Atorvastatin calcium tablet every evening,and if patients have arfficulty suallowing,gavage administiation was implemented. Observation group additionally received 30 ml Xingnaojing injection,adding in-to 250 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,intravenous infusion,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 14 d. Clini-cal efficacy,γ-interferon(IFN-γ),interleukin-13(IL-13),interleukin-4(IL-4),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)lev-els,the US National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)rating,improved Barthel index(BI),infarction size before and af-ter treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the total effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups(P>0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differ-ences in IFN-γ,IL-13,IL-4,hs-CRP levels,the NIHSS rating,BI and infarction size in 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the IFN-γ,hs-CRP levels,the NIHSS rating and infarction size in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,IL-13,IL-4 and BI were significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,Xingnaojing injection shows obvious efficacy the efficacy and safety of patients with acute cerebral infarction merge blood stasis syndrome,it can reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines,improve neurological deficits,daily living skills and in-farct volume,with good safety.

Safety assessment in clinical trials is dependent on an in-depth analysis of the adverse events to a great extent. However, there are difficulties in summary classification, data management and statistical analysis of the adverse events because of the different expressions on the same adverse events caused by regional, linguistic, ethnic, cultural and other differences. In order to ensure the normative expressions, it's necessary to standardize the terms in recording the adverse events. MedDRA (medical dictionary for regulatory activities) has been widely recommended and applied in the world as a powerful support for the adverse events reporting in clinical trials. In this paper, the development history, applicable scope, hierarchy structure, encoding term selection and standardized query strategies of the MedDRA is introduced. Furthermore, the practical process of adverse events encoding with MedDRA is proposed. Finally, the framework of statistical analysis about adverse events is discussed.

BACKGROUND:For reducing the stress shielding, a lot of the schemes have adopted, and there is no great improvement although via the trial and the application for several ten years. It comes from a root which is the combination by thigh bone (abbreviation of the bone) and metal ic handle (abbreviation of the handle) which causes the serious problems of absorption of bone quality, and this kind of stress shielding effect is produced by abnormal stress and abnormal strain, and affected by various factors, so there is no effective and applicable method to solve this problem.
OBJECTIVE:To select the primary porous layer scheme as the subject of the study and entirely change the appearance and inherent quality as the metal ic handle that cannot transmit the stress is the key to eliminate the stress shielding;making the senior porous layer with the effective measure is the basis to eliminate stress shedding and can solve the disaster and partial inferior position aroused by the primary porous layer.
METHODS:The cobalt-chromium-molybdenum al oy smal metal ic spherules with equal diameter were used to manufacture the senior porous layer structure. The structural member employed in the thigh bone could separate the handle from the bone. This structural member welded on the plane of bone neck could fix the handle with calcar osteotomy surface. And these structural members had an ability to eliminate al the stress shieldings on the artificial hip joint surface.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The senior porous layer was made with cobalt-chromium-molybdenum al oy smal metal ic spherules with the same diameter (1.00-1.29 mm), and the surface of the porous layer was plated with high property of medium layer al oy and arranged orderly and inseparable, and then connected with active diffusion welding technology. The diameter of al the holes was 155-200μm and distributed evenly which was benefit for the bone unit to grew. The al oying of metal materials, ceramic of al oy surface and control ing of size and number of wear particles can solve the bone dissolution of the surrounding porous layer of bone, metal dissolution as wel as its pure cobalt and chromium particle toxicity, cancerization and leukemia. A stipulation of theoretical basis was to eliminate the handle rigidity firstly that could made the separation of handle from the bone became the premise for eliminating the stress shielding. The calcar osteotomy surface grew into the pores of the structural member welded on plane of bone neck could fix the handle, and that was the basis for eliminating the stress shielding. The common roles can eliminate the stress shielding in thigh bone, and the stress shielding on acetabulum is easily to eliminate.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to observe the muscle glucose metabolism by determining the changes in sarcolemma GLUT4 protein content and muscle AMPK activity in overtraining rats.Methods Twenty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into group A(sedentary),group B(underwent endurance exercise 60 minutes/day)and group C(underwent endurance exercise 120 minutes/day).Both exercise groups trained 6 days/wk for 9 weeks.Muscle glycogen,sarcolemma GLUT4 contents and muscle AMPK activity were determined after the 9-week training.Results Sarcolemma GLUT4 content and muscle AMPK activity increased,muscle glycogen contents tended to rise in group B as compared with that in group A.Sarcolemma GLUT4 content and muscle AMPK activity decreased,but muscle glycogen contents were equivalent in group C as compared with that in group B.Conclusion Muscle AMPK activity deceased,and the translocation of GLUT4 protein was inhibited in the overtraining rats.The results could not support a glycogen depletion hypothesis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and the outcomes of liver function of patients with hepatocarcinoma after surgery. Methods We divided the patients into three groups: normal, overweight and obese groups based on BMI, then we recorded their preoperative and the postoperative liver functions: albumin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotrasferase(ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), γ-glutamyltranoferase(γ-GGT), triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and low density lipoprotein(LDL). Results The mean values of ALT change between the preoperative and the postoperative were (14.9 ± 1.98) U/L, (15.4 ± 2.27) U/L,(22.2±1.32) U/L; Mean values of γ-GGT change were(16.2 ± 1.33) U/L, (18.7 ±0. 97) U/L,(22.3 ± 1.27) U/L; mean values of TG change were (0. 18 ± 0. 44) mg/dL, (0. 21 ± 0.08) mg/dL,(0.25 ± 0.03) mg/dL. Compared with the results of control groups, there were no significant differences of recovery of liver functions between normal and overweight groups(P ＞ 0. 05), but the obese group' s recovery of liver functions did lag behind the normal group (P ＜ 0.05). It is showed that the obese group' s shared same recovery of albumin, total bilirubin, AST, ALP, TC, HDL and LDL. The difference was significant between the normal and obese groups in terms of recovery of ALT, γ-GGT, TG(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion BMI is associated with the recovery of liver function of patients with hepatocarcinoma, the obese patients have poor prognosis of recovery of liver function.