OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. METHODS:The CORE diabetes model was employed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of Acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS:Acarbose treatment prolonged patients' life expectancy by 0.27 years and quality-adjusted life expectancy by 0.26 years,but its cost was 17 081 yuan higher than in the control group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 62 717 yuan per life expectancy gained and 66 633 yuan per quality-adjusted life expectancy gained. An acceptability curve of cost-effectiveness showed that 76% of the patients would regard that Acarbose is cost-effectiveness when a willingness to pay was 100 000 yuan. CONCLUSION:Acarbose has long-term cost-effectiveness in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the trend in incidence of stroke in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for improving stroke prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: The incidence of stroke in Yongkang City from 2015 to 2022 was collected through the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Monitoring Information System, and standardized by the data of the Chinese National Population Census in 2010. The incidence of stroke in gender-, age- and subtype-specific was analyzed, and the incidence trend of stroke was analyzed by average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results: A total of 22 408 stroke cases were reported in Yongkang City from 2015 to 2022, with crude incidence of 457.97/105 and standardized incidence of 379.55/105. The crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=6.447%, P<0.05). The crude incidence of stroke was higher among males than females (495.97/105 vs. 417.58/105, P<0.05), and the standardized incidence of stroke was higher among males than females (425.29/105 vs. 332.49/105, P<0.05). The average age of stroke cases was (70.74±12.64) years. The crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (P<0.05), and which in residents aged 30 to 44 years showed an increasing trend (AAPC=6.142%,P<0.05). There were 18 040 cases of ischemic stroke (80.51%), 4 121 cases of hemorrhagic stroke (18.39%) and 247 cases of unclassified stroke (1.10%) reported from 2015 to 2022. The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was higher than which of hemorrhagic stroke (368.70/105 vs. 84.22/105, P<0.05). The crude incidence of ischemic stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=7.851%, P<0.05). Conclusions The crude incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yongkang City from 2015 to 2022, with ischemic stroke as the predominant subtype. Male and the elderly should be given a high priority for stroke control.

The mechanism of carcinoma occurrence is of multiform. One of the scheduled multi modality treatment is hyperthermia. Result of research indicates that hyperthermia can kills the tumor cells by affecting carcinogens, tumor suppressors and immunity. This review presents the current knowledge of hyperthermia on mechanism of therapeutic effects and the application in the treatment.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of nimodipine combined with ganglioside in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage and its effect on the expression of serum resistin and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).Methods:According to the random number table method, 100 patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted in Central Hospital of Zibo from February 2018 to February 2020 were divided into the single treatment group and the combined treatment group, with 50 cases in each group. In addition to conventional treatment, the single treatment group was additionally treated with nimodipine, and the combined group was additionally treated with nimodipine combined with ganglioside. After 2 weeks of intervention, the efficacy of the two groups was evaluated, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, Ability of Daily Living (ADL) scores, serum inflammatory factors, resistin and ox-LDL levels were evaluated and recorded between the two groups before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate of treatment in the combined treatment group was higher than that in the single treatment group: 90.0%(45/50) vs. 74.0%(37/50), and the difference was statistically difference ( P<0.05). After 2 weeks′ treatment, the scores of NIHSS was decreased and the scores of ADL was increased in two groups, and the scores of NIHSS in combined treatment group was lower than that in the single treatment group: (9.41 ± 1.27) scores vs. (12.10 ± 1.65) scores; the scores of ADL in the combined treatment group was higher than that in the single treatment group: (67.82 ± 9.04) scores vs. (59.10 ± 8.75) scores, and the differences were statistically differences ( P<0.05). After 2 weeks′ treatment, the levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), resistin and ox-LDL in the two groups were decreased, and the levels of above index in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the single treatment group: (4.81 ± 1.03) mg/L vs. (6.10 ± 1.73) mg/L, (40.96 ± 9.21) μg/L vs. (56.74 ± 8.93) μg/L, (33.20 ± 7.96) μg/L vs. (44.76 ± 8.43) μg/L, (0.29 ± 0.09) μg/L vs. (0.45 ± 0.13) μg/L, (336.25 ± 69.74) mg/L vs. (372.18 ± 68.52) mg/L, and the differences were statistically differences ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nimodipine combined with ganglioside has a clear efficacy in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. It can effectively inhibit inflammation indicators, reduce serum resistin and ox-LDL levels, promote the recovery of nerve defects, and improve their living ability.

Objective To observe the effects of endovascular radiation (ER) on the proliferation and apoptosis of medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) and to discuss the possible mechanisms of radiation in the prevention of vascular restenosis (RS) in rabbits after carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Methods Forty rabbits undergoing CEA were randomly divided into four groups (each group=10) and given a radiation dose of 0, 10, 20 and 40 Gy 32 P respectively. Rabbits were killed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th and 56th day after operation. The specimens were collected and histopathologic examinations were done.Results Proliferation apparently occurred in the intima and media of carotid the lumen became narrow in the control group on the 14 th, 28 th and 56 th day after operation. While in the radiation groups, proliferation was apparently suppressed and the lumen was much less narrowed ( P

Reforming the managerial system and the educational system of higher medical education is the requirement of the social development in the twenty-first century. The article expounds the fundamental characteristics of medical education including small scale, longer-duration program, and high expenditure. It emphasizes the significance of following the rule of medical education, and analyzes the important position of medical college and the relation of medical college to affiliated hospitals and other related colleges in the comprehensive university. Based on the requirement of the social development and the trend of higher medical education internationalization, it also analyzes the necessity of the adjustment on the medical educational system and the way of the adjustment.

At present,the satisfaction of free medical care of undergraduate is declining,and the doctor-patient relationship is becoming tense.By investigating and interviewing the three representative universities in Beijing,we conclude three reasons including the supplier of medical service,the receiver and doctor-patient communication.By adhering to the medical treatment concept of"Patient-Oriented",the paper puts forword serveral measures including incresing input and improving system and so on to achieve the harmonious development of doctor-patient relationship of undergraduate.

Serum tumor biomarkers are significant for the early diagnosis and treatment,preoperative evaluation,prognosis prediction and relapse surveillance of endometrial carcinoma.Recently,serum CA125 and human epididymal secretory protein 4 are widely recognized as closely related with staging,metastasis and prognosis of endometrial cancer.In addition,the serum miRNAs are characterized by their features of high stability and specificity.Omics studies will be helpful for the general assessment of the initiation and progression of endometrial cancer.Insights into these two aspects will facilitate the identifications of new biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity for endometrial carcinoma.

This article reviewed information related to the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women. Apoptosis is related to the response and resistance to treatment in breast cancer. Here we summarized and integrated the data on apoptosis and its role in the development, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Further study on apoptosis in breast cancer can help find more candidates for predictors and indices of response. Such study will also develop treatment regimens that are tailored to individual tumors and thereby maximize survival.