Objectives To investigate the effects of Apelin 13 on myocardial metabolism in diabetic rats.Methods A total of 40 male Wister rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC,n=8) and experimental group (n =32).Diabetic rats model were induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).The wellestablished 28 diabetic model rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group (DM,n=14) and apelin-13 treated group (n=14).In the Apelin-13 group,diabetic rats were administered Apelin-13 [0.1 μmol/(kg · d)]by intraperitoneal injection for 10 weeks,while the control group and diabetic model group were given an equal volume of 0.9％ NaCl.At the end of the 10th week,all rats were sacrificed after fasting glucose measurement.Levels of serum free fatty acids (FFA) and myocardial FFA were measured by ELISA.Expression of myocardial glucose transporter member 4 (GLUT4) were detected by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expressions of myocardial PPARα,CD36 and CPT-1 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results Fasting blood glucose,serum FFA and myocardial FFA were significantly higher in DM group than in NC group (all P＜ 0.05).The level of plasma glucose and myocardial FFA were significant lower(P＞0.05) in Apelin-13 treated group than in DM group;but serum FFA was not significantly lower(P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of PPARα,CD36,CPT-1 in cardiac myocyte were higher in DM group and Apelin-13 treated group than in control(P＜0.05),and lower in Apelin-13 treated group than in DM group(P＜ 0.05).The expression of myocardial GLUT4 was significantly lower in DM group(1.138±0.316)and in Apelin-13-treated group (4.631 ± 1.832) than in NC group(9.132 ± 2.156),(F=65.507,P＜ 0.05),and higher in Apelin-13-treated group than in DM group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Apelin-13 increases myocardial expression of GLUT4,improves utilization of FFA,and it can effectively reduce the expression of PPARα,CD36 and CPT-1.Therefore,it may play a vital role in the improvement of myocardial metabolism in diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous apelin-13 on oxidative stress, myocardial inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in diabetic model rats.Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group (NC, n=8) and experimental group (EX, n=32).Diabetes was induced by feeding with high-sugary and high-fat diet for 8 weeks and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg).The wellestablished 28 diabetic model rats were then randomly divided into 2 subgroups: model group (DM, n =14) and apelin-13 administration group (AP, n =14).The rats in AP group were given intraperitoneal administration of apelin-13 at a single dose of 0.1 μtmol · kg-1 · d-1 for 10 weeks, while NC group and DM group were given 0.9％ NaCl in the same way.All rats were sacrificed at the end of the week 10.Blood hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured by colorimetry, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry.Masson staining was used to observe the myocardial fibrosis in rats of different groups.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL.Results (1) Compared with NC groups, DM group showed that MDA, H2O2 and NO were significantly increased, while SOD was significantly decreased (F=22.400, 6.230, 4.267 and 8.901, all P＜0.0167).There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of MDA, H2O2,SOD between DM group and AP group.(2) The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly higher inDMgroup than inNCgroup (0.0599±0.0208 vs.0.0076±0.0031, F=35.139;0.0503±0.0243 vs.0.0071± 0.0024, F=15.946, both P＜0.0167).After 10 weeks of apelin-13 administration, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in AP group than in DM group.(3) The myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were significantly increased in DM group than in NCgroup [0.0293±0.0061 vs.0.0030-t-0.0013 and 0.0708±0.0420 vs.0.0013±0.0003, F=84.930 and 19.420, both P＜0.0167].The myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were significantly decreased in AP group than in DM group (both P＜0.0167).Conclusions To some extent, apelin13 reduces the levels of oxidative stress and myocardial inflammation reaction in type 2 diabetes.Moreover, it may play a vital role in the improvement of myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the CXCR 7 protein expression when CXCR 7-shRNA transfected into human gastric cancer cell which mediated with lentivirus vector combined with Rhizoma Paridis Total Saponin. Methods Three shRNA sequences of CXCR 7 and one negative control sequence were designed and synthesized, and recombinant lentiviral vectors with pSilencerTM 4.1 system were established. Transfection of HEK 293 T cells and packaging viral were finished and the titers were detected. Transfection of all recombinant lentiviral vectors and negative control vector were finished and expression of CXCR 7 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR method. Silence efficiency in groups were determined and the expression vector with highest silence efficiency was selected for next experiments. To detect the effect of SGC 7901 cell proliferation by CXCR 7-shRNA transfection and combined with Rhizoma Paridis Total Saponin intervention with MTT. To detect the effect of SGC 7901 cell expression of protein by CXCR 7-shRNA transfection and combined with Rhizoma Paridis Total Saponin intervention with Western blot. Results The packaging of three lentiviral vector and negative control sequence are successful which is confirmed by gene sequencing and the titer are 4.9×108 pfu/mL, 3.6×108 pfu/mL, 5.2×108 pfu/mL, 2.0×108 pfu/mL respective. The expression quantity of CXCR 7 mRNA in positive groups are lower than negative control group(P<0.05)and inhibition ratio to CXCR 7 in CXCR 7-shRNA-1 and combined with Rhizoma Paridis Total Saponin intervention group is higher than the other two groups(P<0.05). The proliferation level of tumour cell is significant reduction after CXCR 7-shRNA-1 transfection and have a significant difference comparing to the group without transfection(P<0.05). The expression of CXCR 7 protein is significant reduction after CXCR 7-shRNA-1 transfection comparing to the group without virus vector and negative control group and have a significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion The construction of three CXCR 7-shRNA lentiviral expression vector are successful and expression level of protein and CXCR 7 mRNA are down-regulated effectively after transfection and combined with Rhizoma Paridis Total Saponin intervention. It maybe means that CXCR 7 gene takes an important role in the process of gastric cancer proliferation and invasion.This is foundation for further study of gastric cancer gene therapy using CXCR 7/CXCL 12 biological axis as a target.

Objective To study the changes of blood arginine vaso-pression(AVP)levels in patients with severe brain injury after treated with mild hypotherima.Methods Seventy-eight patients with severe brain injury were divided into mild hypothermia(33～35℃)group and normothermia group.The blood AVP levels and CSF AVP levels were determined at the third and the seventh day after brain injury.Results The AVP levels in blood and CSF of mild hypothermia group were lower than those of the normothermia group at the third and seventh day after brain injury(P＜0.05).According to GOS,prognosis of the mild hypothermia group was better than that of the nonnotbcrmia group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The mild hypothermia treatment may have inhibitive effects on the production of blood AVP,CSF AVP,and brain edema.Mild hypothermia is an effective method in the treatment of acute severe brain iniury in reducing the mortality and in increasing the survival rate.

According to the World Report on Disability, compared with the normal children, the enrollment rate of the handicapped children is lower, as well as the rate of in-school children and their chances to get further study. A series of barriers limit the opportunities for these children to accept the mainstream education in such aspects as education policies, systems and services. To solve these problems, the education system and schools have to make some changes so that we could remove all kinds of hardware and software barriers and provide a reasonable adjustment and other support services. Only based on these improvements can we ensure the handicapped children have equal chances to accept education. And the report enlighten us that we should perfect the system construction as well as teacher cultivation and promote community inclusion to ensure the right of education of disabled children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the image quality of displaying the pulmonary artery and pulmonary emboli at different tube voltages and find the optimal tube voltage.MethodsSixty-six patients underwent contrast-enhanced dual energy CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) from August 2007 to February 2010.Data obtained with 80 kVp,weighted average 120 kVp,and 140 kVp were divided into group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ respectively.CT value of pulmonary artery ( grade 1—4),emboli,and muscles were measured.Corresponding signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were calculated.One-way ANOVA analysis and Friedman test were used to analyze statistical significance among these values.Image quality of CTPA from these three groups was assessed.The inter-reader agreement of image quality was performed by kappa test.ResultsCT value of branch 1 to 4 of ptlmonary artery was (446 ± 140) HU,(433±130) HU,(411 ±138) HU,and (392±127) HU in group Ⅰ,(303±91) HU,(290±85) HU,(276±86) HU,and (263 ±85) HU in group Ⅱ,and (244 ±70) HU,(230 ±63) HU,(216 ±72) HU,and (205 ±68) HU in group Ⅲ.There was significant difference for CT values (P ＜0.01) among three groups.CT value of pulmonary artery in 80 kVp images was higher than 140 kyp and 120 Kvp.On quantitative analysis of 37 patients,CNR value of pulmonary clots was 8.3 ± 3.3,8.0 ± 2.9,and 5.6 ± 2.2 in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and ⅢⅢ,respectively.CNR values of pulmonary clots in 80 kVp images and 120 kVp images were higher than that in 140 kVp (P ＜0.01 ).There was no statistical difference for image quality of CTPA among the three groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Agreement of image quality of CTPA derived from 80 kVp (kappa value =0.789,P ＜0.01 ) was superior to that of 120 kVp (kappa value =0.652,P ＜0.01 ) and 140 kVp ( kappa value = 0.509,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions CT value of pulmonary artery in 80 kVp images was higher than that of weighted average 120 kVp and 140 kVp,and the image quality and CNR was comparable with that of weighted average 120 kVp images.This tube voltage ( 80 kVp) is optimal for CT pulmonary angiography in the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.

The olfactory perception is the process that the olfactory receptor is activated by odorous molecules, which induce the transduction of signal in the cell and the chemical information is transduced into electrical impulses. After the changed signal is transmitted to the brain, the whole perception process completes. OR gene belongs to the multigene family. The coded olfactory receptor proteins belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and therefore are invariably seven-transmembrane domain(7TM) protein. Olfactory receptor protein plays an important role in olfactory perception and signal transduction process.
Animals ; Humans ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptors, Odorant ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Polysaccharides extracted from various sources are natural active substances, which may lead to the activation of macrophage via multiple pathways and mechanisms. This article intends to illustrate the signaling pathways of polysaccharides from plants, fungi, algae and other sources, to identify the mechanisms on the molecular level, and to explore the novel target immunomodulatory agents.
Animals ; Humans ; Macrophage Activation ; drug effects ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the effect of paclitaxel drug-coated balloon (DCB) dilatation in treating coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) occurring after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation,and to observe the long-term changes of the target vascular lumen area in order to clarify the curative effect of paclitaxel DCB in treating ISR.Methods Four patients with ISR whose clinical condition met the DCB indication were selected.According to the standard process,sufficient pre-expansion of ISR was performed first,then paclitaxel DCB dilatation was carried out to dilate the lesion segment of ISR,and no stent was implanted.Both coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed immediately after the treatment as well as 9 months to measure the minimum lumen area (MLA) and cross-sectional area (SA) of the stent,and the intimal hyperplasia was also been evaluated.Results In all 4 patients,angiography performed immediately after paclitaxel DCB dilatation showed that neither dissection of the dilated segment of the target artery nor obvious residual stenosis was observed.Angiography performed 9 months after the treatment revealed that all dilated segments of the target arteries were patent,and no pronounced restenosis of stent segment was seen.IVUS examination was indicated that MLA became enlarged,SA showed an increasing trend,and intimal hyperplasia showed a tendency to be inhibited.Conclusion For the treatment of ISR,pure paclitaxel DCB dilatation can obtain long-term lumen area enlargement,thus,repeated stent implantation can be avoided,which,in turn,can reduce the risk of ISR recurrence.Paclitaxel DCB dilatation can locally release paclitaxel,which has curative effect on the coronary artery wall to inhibit the excessive proliferation of intima.

BACKGROUND: H-type vessels are mainly distributed in the metaphysis, which can promote the proliferation of osteocytes, further accelerating osteogenesis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of H-type vessels in the subchondral bone during the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.METHODS: 8-week-old C57 mice were randomly divided into experimental and sham groups, followed by the right medial menisectomy to establish the osteoarthritis models or only articular capsulotomy. The knee samples were removed at 4 weeks postoperatively, and were stained with safranin-O-fast green to evaluate the degree of injury. The expression levels of CD31, Emcn and matrix metalloproteinase 13 were detected by immunofluorescent staining. The changes of the subchondral bone were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the changes of bone mass in the subchondral bone were analyzed by micro-CT.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scores, expression levels of CD31, Emcn, H-type vessels and matrix metalloproteinase 13, as well as the bone mass in the subchondral bone were significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05). To conclude, the increased H-type vessels in the subchondral bone promote the hyperplasia and remodeling of subchondral bone in the progression of osteoarthritis.