Through introducing the current situation of systemic pediatric emergency protocol,including five-level triage system,pediatric critical rescue protocol,pediatric trauma life support,emergency observation and guidelines for the pediatric intrahospital transport,we reviewed the issues of pediatric emergency to put forward recommendations.

Objective To explore the effect of human placenta lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone (DXM) on spontaneous resorption of herniated intervertebral disc. Methods The animal model of intervertebral disc herniation was set up by placing the harvested disc into the epidural space at L4 or L5 of the same rahbit. Then the 24 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. In human placenta LPS group, rabbits were intraperitoneally injected 2ml of human placenta LPS at the second, 6th and 10th days after surgery. In DXM group, rahbits were intravenously injected 1mg/kg of DXM at the second to 15th days after surgery. In control group, rubbits were intravenously injected 3ml/kg of normal saline at the second to 15th days after surgery. All rahbits were killed, and herniated intervertebral disc was removed for histological and immunohisto- chemical examination at the 12th weeks after surgery. Results A great amount of newly formed vessles and inflammation cells were founded in the disc tissues in the LPS group. In the control group, a lot of granular tissues were founded in the disc tissues. In the DXM group, small amount of granular tissues were founded in the disc tissues. The expression levels of bFGF, CD68 and VEGF in the LPS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P

Animals ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Lung ; blood supply ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype 3 (EP3) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced mouse mesangial cells damage. Methods Primary mouse mesangial cells were separated and cultured. Three siRNAs were synthesized and transfected into mesangial cells for silencing EP3 by LipofectamineTM 2000 and the best one was chosen. MCs were grouped into: (1)control group; (2)TGF-β1 (10 μg/L) group; (3)NC-siRNA plus TGF-β1 (10 μg/L) group; (4) EP3-siRNA group; (5)EP3-siRNA plus TGF-β1 (10 μg/L). Then the proliferation of MCs was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The expression of PGE2 and cAMP in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin (FN), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), membrane-bound prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES1) were detected by real - time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was decected by Western blotting. Results Compared with control group, the cell proliferation induced by TGF-β1 was increased (P<0.05), the expression of PGE2 and cAMP were improved, mRNA and protein expression of FN, CTGF, COX2 and mPGES1 were up-regulated (all P<0.05). Compared with TGF-β1 group, the cell proliferation in EP3-siRNA plus TGF-β1 group was reduced, the expression of FN, CTGF, COX2 and mPGES1 mRNA and protein were downregulated (all P<0.05), the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK were also declined (P<0.05). Conclusion EP3-siRNA may reduce TGF-β1-induced cell damage through upregulating the expression of cAMP, repressing the activity of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, inhibiting the expression of COX2 mPGES1 and PGE2 by feedback, then decreased the expression of FN and CTGF.

ObjectiveTo review the experience with surgical removal of meningiomas in the falx cerebri and sagittal sinuses.MethodsThirteen patients with meningiomas in the falx cerebri and sagittal sinuses were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsTumors in eleven patients were totally removed( Simpson Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ ),while in two patients they were subtotally resected( Simpson Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ ).After operations,no patient died.ConclusionAdequate surgical exposure,efficient management of operative bleeding,protection and replacement of the sagittalsinus,and avoidence of damage to the brain tissues were the key factors to improve operative effect.

Objective: To study the rehabilitation efficiency of adjuvant derma transplantation in treatment of front palate fistula. To find a better way to solve the problem of correcting the front fistula in short of the nearby tissue. Methods: Established the front fistula model in the oral and nasal cavity in the front of the palate with surgery. 30 Japanese big ear rabbits were divided into 2 groups. One month after operation, 15 rabbits were operated with the nearby tissue into the inner of nasal cavity and by transplanting their back skin while the others were treated only with the nearby tissues. The rehabilitation process and the histological changes of the palate were observed. Results: All dermal flaps survived after transplantation. This surgical method got a satisfying effect(P<0.05). The rate of success for correcting with single nearby tissues was lower. Conclusion: Adjuvant derma transplantation for rehabilitation of the front palate fistula is effective and reliable in the rabbits. The combination of the nearby tissue and homeochronous derma transplantation might be a good mode for correcting the front fistula in short of the nearby tissues.

Objective To analyze the effectiveness of doctor-patient communication course on improvement of doctor-patient communication ability.Methods Totally 360 eight-year program medical students of clinical medicine from Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were chosen as the research object and were divided into educational group(n＝l80) and control group(n＝180).Students in educational group study doctor-patient communication course while those in control group do not.SEGUE Framework was used to conduct exploratory research between educational group and control group.Accuracy of questionnaire database was examined by Excel software and logical test.KoImogorov-Smimov(K-S test) was applied to analyze the scores and (x ± s) was used to express the data through SPSS 16.0 statistical software.Comparison between group differences are statistically significant(P＜0.05).Results Overall score was higher in educational group than in control group.Concerning of communication initiation,infomation collection and understanding of patients,scores of educational group were significantly higher than those of control group(P=0.001,P=0.002 and P=0.007,respec-tively).Furthermnore,KoInogorov-Smimov(K-S test) and (x ± s) statistical results showed that scores of detailed items were higher in educational group than in control group as well.Conclusions Doctor-patient communication course is of great importance to help medical students practice physician-patient communication based on related knowledge learning,but course content setting remains to be further improved.

Objective To assess the value of enhanced MSCT scan for the Crohn's disease of small bowel.Methods Fourty-five patients of small bowel Crohn's disease who were proved by multi-methed were examined by two-phase enhanced scan with MSCT.The images were reformed in ADW 4.2 by MPR mainly.The CT values of the lesion segments in different phases were tested, with one way ANOVA in statistical analysis; the density difference between the lesion segments and normal segments in different phases were tested,the cases were divided according to 10 HU,and compared them with each other by X2 test.Results The average CT value of lesion segments was (39.3±3.7) HU in plain scan, (74.8 ± 13.8) HU in artery phase, (90.2 ± 12.3) HU in portal vein phase, there were sinigicant difference in them(F =258.87,P < 0.01).There were sinigicant difference in CT value of lesion segments between any phase and other two phases (P < 0.05).In 45 cases, there were 44 cases and one case that the difference of CT value were ≤±10 HU and > 10 HU respectively in plain scan, 6 cases and 39 cases in artery phase, 2 cases and 43 cases in portal vein phase, by X2 test, there were sinigicant difference betwwen plain scan and artery phase(X2 =32.49,P <0.01), and significant difference between plain scan and portal vein phase(X2 = 39.22,P <0.01), there were no significant difference between artery phase and portal vein phase (X2 = 1.10,P>0.05).After enhancement, the lesions can display clearly than plain scan, and the detectable rate was raised highly.Conclusion Two-phase enhancement scan can diagnosis the Crohn's disease of small bowel and evaluate it overall.

Objective To explore the possibility of using the mammotome system (MMT) with 2.5 cm spiral cutting mode to resect benign tumor of 3-6 cm in diameter.Methods The study group consisted of 160 patients with tumor of 3-6 cm in diameter,who received treatment of MMT cross combination with parallel rotary cutting method.The control group consisted of 160 patients with tumor ＜ 2.5 cm and received routine MMT operation.The therapeutic effects and complications of the two groups were compared.Chi-sqare test was used for statistical analysis.Results All operations were successful on MMT.There was no statistical difference in intraoperative bleeding,skin ecchymosis and postoperative hematomas between the two groups(x2 =0.251 8,P =0.616;x2 =0.328 2,P =0.567 ;x2 =0.146 3,P =0.702).The hospitalization duration,the operation scar and other complications were similar between the two groups.Conclusions The MMT cross combination with parallel rotary cutting method can be used to resect 3-6 cm benign breast tumors.It has the advantages of safety,efficiency,minimal invasiveness,covertincision,good cosmetic effect and low complications.

Objective To compare the efficacy of and adverse reactions to a fractional micro-plasma radio-frequency technology versus fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser in the treatment of atrophic acne scars.Methods Twenty-one patients with atrophic acne scars were enrolled in this study.Half of each subject's face was treated with micro-plasma,and the other half with fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser,for one session.Treatments were randomly administered in a split-face manner.The efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated 6 months after the treatment by using the following outcome parameters:ECCA grading scale (échelle d' évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné),degrees of post-treatment pain and edema,time taken for crusting and durations of inflammatory erythema,patients' subjective rating of improvement in scar by using a quartile grading scale.A non-parametric rank test was conducted to compare the efficacy and adverse effects between the two treatments.A scar model was established on both ears of a New Zealand big ear rabbit,and treated with the CO2 laser and micro-plasma respectively,immediately followed by the resection of scar tissue for the observation of histological changes.Results A decrease of ECCAscore was observed in 90.5％ (19/21) of the patients after micro-plasma treatment,and in 86.7％ (18/21) after CO2 laser treatment; no significant difference was observed in the response rate (P ＞ 0.05).In detail,ECCA score decreased by 31.5％ (from 50.71 to 34.76 ) after micro-plasma treatment,compared to 29.9％ (from 53.57 to 38.10) after CO2 laser treatmet.Mild edema was observed after micro-plasma treatment,with the duration of erythema and crusting being 13.95 days and 6.95 days,respectively,compared to 45.81 days and 10.10 days respectively,after CO2 laser treatment.Pigmentation occurred in none of the patients after micro-plasma treatment,but in 19％ after CO2 laser treatment.Animal experiment showed that microscopic ablation zones were broad and shallow after micro-plasma treatment,but narrow and deep after CO2 laser treatment.Conclusions Fractional micro-plasma and CO2 laser are both effective for the treatment of atrophic acne scars,but the former seems to have less side effects with a lower incidence of pigmentation.