Medical students should study and enlarge their medical terminology from their medical English courses as well as bilingual courses. This ability is a key part in the cultivation of high-levelled medical talents.However,medical words are special from general English in three parts:long,great in numbers and difficult to read.These characteristics leave the medical students in a hard situation in their promotion of medical terminology.If the students are provided and guided with a convenient and efficient software based on modem education technology,they can achieve much better results.The audio medical English terminology corpus can help the medical students achieve their goal in promotion of medical termi-nology.

Objective: The present study investigates the effects of Tanreqing injection, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on the proliferation of leukemia cells in vitro and discusses the potential mechanisms. Methods: Tanreqing injection was diluted to a series of concentrations (1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, 1:256 and 1:512) by volume and then independently applied to treat chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells and T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia Molt4 cells at the proliferative stage. Cell growth was observed at different time intervals under a microscope. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay and the survival curve was delineated. The inhibitory rate and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated. Molt4 cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and PI/Annexin V and then the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by using flow cytometry. In addition, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was subjected to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related genes (bcl-2 and caspase-3) after Tanreqing treatment. Results: Tanreqing injection had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of K562 cells and Molt4 cells. The most toxic concentrations were observed between 1:2 and 1:16 where cells were almost necrotic. The inhibitory effect manifested in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 of K562 and Molt4 was 1:333 and 1:142, respectively. After 1:32 Tanreqing injection treatment for 72 h, the number of Molt4 cells in the S phase significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate markedly increased (P<0.05). In addition, increased caspase-3 expression and decreased bcl-2 expression were also observed (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tanreqing injection can both inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of leukemia cells in vitro, whereby the potential mechanism seems to be mediated in part by decreasing S phase ratio, down-regulating bcl-2 expression and up-regulating caspase-3 expression.

Objective To compare the short-term prognostic value of glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) and admission plasma glucose in non-diabetic patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Methods Eighty-four non-diabetic patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction from January 2010 to June 2011 were included.Both HbA1c and plasma glucose was measured on admission.Cardiovascular event was followed up in 30 days.Results The average of HbA1c and admission plasma glucose was as cut-off point.The patients were divided into HbA1c ＜ 5.5％ group (40 cases) and HbA1c ≥5.5％ group (44 cases) according to HbA1c level.The patients were divided into admission plasma glucose ≤ 8.6 mmol/L group (42 cases) and admission plasma glucose ＞ 8.6 mmol/L group (42 cases) according to admission plasma glucose.The incidence of cardiovascular event in 30 days in admission plasma glucose ＞ 8.6 mmol/L group was higher than that in admission plasma glucose ≤ 8.6 mmol/L group [19.0％ (8/42) vs.2.4％ (1/42)],and there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiovascular event in 30 days between HbA1c ≥5.5％ group and HbA1c ＜ 5.5％ group (P ＞ 0.05).Admission plasma glucose showed weak correlation with blood creatine kinase isoenzyme MB peak (r =0.233,P ＜0.05).Conclusion In non-diabetic patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction,elevated admission plasma glucose levels are associated with higher cardiovascular event in 30 days.

Objective To explore the efficiency and safety of fondaparinux and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) on the elder patients with non-ST-segnent elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS).Methods One hundred and forty patients over 75 years old with NSTE-ACS were randomly divided into treatment group(n =70) and control group (n =70).Patients in treatment group were given the conventional treatment combined with fondaparinux,and in control group were given the basis of conventional treatment combined with LMWH.The therapeutic efficacy,the cardiovascular events at 4 d,7 d and 30 d during the treatment and bleeding incidence rate were observed.Reslts There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and control group in the total effective rate (x2 =0.475,P ＞ 0.05.Meanwhile,no significant differences were found between the two groups in cardiovascular events at 4 d,7 d and 30 d (x2 =0.257,0.475 and 0.317,P ＞0.05).The incidence rate of bleeding in treatment group was obviously lower than that in control group and there was statistically significant difference (2.9％ vs.31.4％ ; x2 =20.115,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The effectiveness of fondaparinux used in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes is similar with LMWH,but the incidence rate of bleeding is lower than LMWH.

Aged ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; complications ; Silicosis ; complications ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications

Objective To investigate whether RelB-silenced bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) pulsed with torpedo acetylcholine receptor (TAChR) immuno-dominant peptide Tα_(146～162) can induce tolerance in T cells primed with TAChR. Methods Recombinant lentivirus that produced RelB siRNA and control lentivirus were prepared and used to infect BMDCs. The infected BMDCs were stimulated with LPS,and the resulting cells were designated as DC-siRelB or DC-control, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of RelB were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell surface markers of DC were evaluated by flow cytometry. IL-12 in the supernatant was detected by ELISA. Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: A1, A2, A3,K1, K2, and K3. On day 0, group A1, A2, and A3 were primed with TAChR in CFA and group K1, K2 and K3 were primed with KLH+CFA. On day 7, group A2 and K2 were injected with Tα_(146～162) pulsed DC-siRelB, group A3 and K3 were injected with Tα_(146～162) pulsed DC-control, while A1 and K1 group received PBS at the same time. On day 14, lymphocyte proliferative response of the 4 groups were measured. Results Recombinant lentivirus including RelBshRNA genes was successfully constructed. RelB siRNA knocked down RelB expression in BMDCs obviously. Compared with DC-control, DC-siRelB expressed a significantly lower level of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II on their surface, producing lower level of IL-12. Compared with group A1 and A3, lymphocyte proliferative response to TAChR of A2 group was suppressed significantly (P<0.05). No different lymphocyte proliferative responses to KLH and ConA were seen in group A1, A2 and A3 (P>0.05). No different lymphocyte proliferative responses were seen in group K1, K2 and K3 (P>0.05). Conclusion Lentiviral-mediated RelB-silenced BMDCs are maturation resistant and can induce antigen-specific tolerance in TAChR primed C57BL/6 mice,which provides a basis for further study of their therapeutic potential in myasthenia gravis.

Objective To study the feature of bone metabolism in different phase of elder type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients.Methods One hundred and fifty elder type 2 DN patients (non-microalbuminuria group,microalbuminuria group,clinic proteinuria group,DN renal inadequacy group and DN uremia group,each group was 30 cases),60 elder non-DN patients in chronic renal failure (CRF) (non-DN renal inadequacy group and non-DN uremia group,each group was 30 cases) ,and 30 elder healthy people (control group) were selected to observe the changes of osteocalcin (OT),β -crosslaps,parathyroid hormone ( iPTH),alkaline phosphatase (AKP),serum calcium (Ca),serum phosphorus (P) and Ca × P.Results In non-microalbuminuria group,microalbuminuria group and clinic proteinuria group,OT and β -crosslaps levels were lower than those in control group,and the lowest in microalbuminunia group (P＜0.01).In DN renal inadequacy group and DN uremia group,OT and β -crosslaps levels were higher than those in control group(P＜0.01).In the phase of CRF,OT,β -crosslaps and iPTH had no statistic difference between DN patients and non-DN patients,but had linear correlation.Serum P level was higher in DN renal inadequacy group and DN uremia group than that in control group(P＜0.01).Either DN or non-DN,serum P had more influence to Ca × P than serum Ca.Conclusions In the different phase of elder type 2 DNpatients,the effect of bone metabolism is different because of the different injury of renal function.Bone metabolism in the different phase has respective feature and mechanism,with low turnover in the first and high turnover in the end.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition causes hyperacetylation of histones leading to growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells, representing a new strategy in cancer therapy. Many of previously reported HDACs inhibitors are hydroxamic acid derivatives, which could chelate the zinc ion in the active site in a bidentate fashion. However, hydroxamic acids occasionally have produced problems such as poor pharmacokinetics, severe toxicity and low selectivity. Herein we describe the identification of a new series of non-hydroxamate HDACs inhibitors bearing diketo ester moieties as zinc binding group. HDACs inhibition assay and antiproliferation assays in vitro against multiple cancer cell lines were used for evaluation. These compounds displayed low antiproliferative activity against solid tumor cells, while good antiproliferative activity against human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line U937. Compound CPUYS707 is the best with GI50 value of 0.31 micromol x L(-1) against U937 cells, which is more potent than SAHA and MS-275. HDACs inhibition activity of these compounds is lower than that expected, further evaluation is needed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the three-category classification of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Clinical data of 337 traditional SAP patients,who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH)from January 2001 to December 2012,were retrospectively studied.These patients were classified into moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) according to the latest 2013 Atlanta Classification.SAP patients were further categorized as critical acute pancreatitis (CAP) and non-CAP.Disease severity,therapy and prognosis among three groups were compared.Results Among the total 337 traditional SAP patients,253 were classified as MSAP and 84 as SAP.In the group of SAP,40 patients were categorized as CAP and 44 as non-CAP.Compared with non-CAP patients,CAP patients had significantly higher mortality rate which was 70％ (28/40).Other results were all significantly higher in CAP group rather than non-CAP group,including ICU admission rate 77.5％(31/40),length of ICU stay (15.5 ± 20.6) days,Ranson,APACHE Ⅱ,BISAP,MCTSI,modified Marshall scores 4.6 ± 1.4,16.8 ± 5.8,3.0 ± 1.0,8.6 ± 1.7,and 7.4 ± 2.9,respectively (P ＜ 0.01 in each endpoint).These parameters of SAP group were also significantly higher than those of MSAP group (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Using the new three-category classification to distinguish traditional severe acute pancreatitis,namely MSAP,SAP,and CAP,can better reflect the severity of disease,predict outcome and guide clinical management.

Objective To investigate whether soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) as the early diagnostic biomarker of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEAMI).Methods Sixty-five patients with STEAMI and 30 patients with stable coranary heart disease or other heart disease(control group) were enrolled as our subjects.Serum sLOX-1 levels were measured.Results The median(P25,P75) of Serum sLOX-1 in the patients with STEMI were 210.0 (130.0,356.0) ng/L,significantly higher than that of control group(65.5 (55.2,85.2) ng/L,Z =6.17,P ＜ 0.001).Logistic regression analysis revealed that sLOX-1 alone was an independent factor associated with STEAMI (B =0.036,P ＜ 0.001).The area under the ROC curve of sLOX-1 for detecting STEMI was 0.895,and 95％ CI was 0.831-0.959 (P＜0.001).Taking sLOX-1 =87.5 ng/L as cut-off value,the sensitivity was 89.6％ and specificity was 82.4％for the diagnosis of STEAMI.Conclusion Serum sLOX-1 was significantly higher in the STEAMI and it might served as the early diagnostic marker for STEAMI.