Objective To study the characteristics of bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly men.Methods 220 male elderly hospitalized patients were selected and divided into three groups according to age:65-74 years group,75-84 years group and 85-94 years group.Bone mineral density and bone metabolic biochemical makers including serum parathyroid hormone (PTH),bone gla-protein (BGP) and 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (25-OH VD) were detected.Results The prevalence of osteoporosis was increased along with ageing in three groups (6.8％,12.0％ vs.22.9％,respectively,F=4.986,P＜0.05).The characteristics of bone metabolism showed that serum PTH level was increased and serum levels of BGP,25-OH VD were decreased along with ageing (F =4.986,3.245,5.997,all P＜0.05),and the levels of BGP,25-OH VD were generally decreased in elderly men.Conclusions The prevalence of osteoporosis is high in elderly men.Bone metabolism can be used as the auxiliary index for osteoporosis risk assessment,which is helpful for the early diagnosis of primary osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) in HL-60 cells induced by tetrandrine (Tet).Methods HL-60 cells were treated with different concentrations of Tet and decitabine (DAC) alone and in combination with both.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to assess cytotoxic effect.Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to determine apoptosis rate.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to quantify mRNA levels of DNMT.Western blot was used to quantify the expression of DNMT protein.Results Tet inhibited the growth and proliferation of HL-60 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manners (both P ＜0.01).Tet treated HL-60 cells after 48 h at the concentration of 2 μmol/L,and 4 μmol/L,the levels of DNMT gene and protein in the drug administration group decreased compared to the control group.After incubation for 48 h with Tet 2 μmol/L combined with DAC 4 μmol/L,the combination group was significantly depressed.Conclusions Tet could potently inhibit the growth and proliferation of HL-60 cells,reduce the expression levels of DNMT mRNA and protein,and have a more obvious effect in the combination group.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of ATA, a herbal medicine compound, for the treatment of the chronic infection of simian immunodeficiency virus ( SIV) in monkeys. [ Methods ] Eight Rhesus monkeys were infected with SIVmac251 to establish monkey models with chronic infection of SIV. After 18 months, the monkeys were randomized into model group and ATA group, administered with saline and ATA 2 g?kg-1?d-1 for 56 days respectively. The changes of signs were observed, plasma levels of T-lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and CD8+ were detected by flow cytometry and the lymph node biopsy were observed under light microscope before and after treatment. [Results] After treatment, the body weight increased and the incidence of infective diarrhea decreased in ATA group, the difference being insignificant. ATA had no obvious effect on white blood cells counting and the replication number of plasma SIV, but increased the plasma levels of T-lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and CD8+(P

Objective To investigate the morphological changes of bone marrow megakaryocytes in patients with bacterial and fungal infection.Methods Totally 76 patients with microorganism infection from the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2008 to August 2009 were enrolled,including 56 bacteria infected patients and 20 fungal infected patients.All patients received bone marrow examinations,and were positive in microorganism culture.Thirty subjects without infection,hematological disease and other severe diseases were randomly selected as controls.The number and function of megakaryocytes were examined retrospectively, and the size, nuclear lobulation, and vacuolar degeneration of megakaryocytes were quantitative analyzed and compared among the groups.Results The size,nuclear lobulation,vacuolar degeneration,and Yat nuclear of megakaryocytes in bacterial infected group were 2.20 ±0.21,2.11 ±0.23,0.51 ±0.11 and 0.74 ±0.11 respectively,those in fungal infected group were 2.21 ±0.16,2.10 ±0.19,0.52 ±0.10 and 0.79 ±0.10 respectively;while those in control group were 1.40 ±0.10,1.36 ±0.12,0.28 ±0.06 and 0.54 ±0.09 respectively.The differences between bacterial infected group and control were of statistical significance(t values were 14.52,12.19,9.33 and 6.61 respectively,P ＜ 0.05),and the differences between fungal infected group and control were of statistical significance(t values were 16.27,12.34,7.85 and 6.49 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The size,nuclear lobulation,and vacuoles of megakaryocytes in gram-negative(G-)bacteria group were 2.29 ±0.20,2.22 ±0.26 and 0.57 ±0.10,while those in the gram-positive(G+)bacteria group were 2.13 ±0.20,2.04 ±0.18 and 0.46 ±0.09,and the differences were also significant(t values were 2.07,3.03and 3.56 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The production of platelet by megakaryocytes in bacterial infected group,in fungal infected and the control were 31.4 ±7.6,32.4 ±6.4 and 41.3 ±5.5,and the differences between bacterial infected group and control,fungal infected group and control were significant(t values were 4.78and 3.98 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The production of platelet in G-bacteria group was 28.0 ± 6.7,while that in G + bacteria group was 34.4 ± 7.2,and the difference was also of statistical significance(t = 2.41,P ＜0.05). Conclusion Bacterial infected patients have increased megakaryocytes cell body,nuclear lobulation,obvious vacuolar degeneration,Yat nuclear and decreased platelet production function,which are more significant in G- bacteria infected group.

Objective To analyze the correlation of primary hyperuricemia and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism between Hui and Han nationalities in Ningxia , and provide data for disease control and prevention .Methods Blood sam-ples,obtained from 900 cases at some medical institutions for case-control study, were detected for gene polymorphism of apolipoprotein E by connecting the enzyme reaction .Results and Conclusion There was no statistically significant differ-ence in the blood uric acid level in different nationality groups between the case group and the control group .Creatinine, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and body mass index were considered risk factors of hyperuricemia . There was no statistically significant difference in apolipoprotein E genotype and allele frequency between different nationali -ties and genders in case group and control group .There might be no correlation of primary hyperuricemia and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism .

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of hyper-oxygenated solution (HOS) on small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.5-3.2 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group (group S),I/R group,and HOS group.Small intestinal I/R was produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R and HOS groups,while the SMA was only clamped in group S.HOS was infused intravenously at a rate of 20 ml· kg-1 ·h -1 via the auricular vein starting from the time immediately after clamping the SMA in group HOS and the equal volume of normal saline was infused instead of HOS in group I/R.Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava at 2 h of reperfusion to detect the concentration of serum lactic acid.The animals were then sacrificed and the small intestine was removed for determination of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in intestinal tissues and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of the intestinal epithelia were observed and the damage.to the mucous membrane was scored.The internal organs were removed and bacterial translocation from gut to the internal organs was observed.Results Compared with group S,the level of MDA and lactic acid,and rate of bacterial translocation were significantly increased,and the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in groups I/R and HOS ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the level of MDA and lactic acid,rate of bacterial translocation,and activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in group HOS ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous infusion of HOS can reduce small intestinal I/R injury in rabbits.

Objective To investigate the operative technique and outcome of the expanded flap to repair the full thickness defects of nose and upper lip simultaneously.Methods Three kinds of ex panded flaps were chosen to reconstruct the full thickness defects of nose and upper lip.They were designed according to the location and the size of the defects,and also the circumstances of the donor site.Treatment effectiveness were observed by long-term follow-up.Results 7 patients were treated with the expanded flap.All cases received satisfactory results with no complications such as flap necrosis.And for male patients,the frontal expanded flap could reconstruct upper lip and beard simultaneously that reached better shape.Conclusions It is an ideal approach of repairing nasal-lip defects by the tissue expanded flap.

Objective To investigate disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and abnormity in parathyroid function and their related factors in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods We collected serum Hb,SCr,BUN,calcium,phosphorus,iPTH,high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),albumin and calculated albumin-corrected Ca and Kt/V from 198 patients with MHD in Jing'an District Central Hospital,Shanghai from Jan.2009 to Dec.2010.The calcium and phosphorus metabolism and parathyroid function were evaluated according to the guidelines of bone metabolism and controlling of bone disease in Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative(KDOQI)recommended by National Kidney Foundation of the United States.198 patients were classified into the standard group(150-300 ng/L),lower than the standard group(＜150 ng/L)and higher than the standard group(＞ 300 ng/L)according to serum iPTH levels.Results In the 198 cases,110 cases were normal in serum Ac-Ca(55.6％); 118 cases were normal in serum phosphorus (59.6％); 143 cases were normal in Ca × P(72.3％); 39 cases were normal in iPTH(19.7％).All four items up to the standard were 28 cases(14.1％)among 198 cases.However,132(66.7％)patients showed lower than 150 ng/L in serum iPTH.The average serum iPTH gradually decreased with age.The senior patients demonstrated the highest average serum Hs-CRP,the lowest average serum phosphorus and the lowest albumin.There were no statistical significance in sex,hemodialysis duration,diabetes,blood pressure,Hb,Bun,SCr,Ac-Ca and Kt/V among three groups.Conclusion The disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and abnormity in parathyroid function is common in the MHD patients.We should pay attention to hypofunction of parathyroid gland in the patients with MHD,which may be related to aging,malnutrition and potential infection.These findings need further investigation.

For effective inhalable dry-powder drug delivery, tetrandrine-PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocomposite particles have been developed to overcome the disadvantages of nanoparticles and microparticles. The primary nanoparticles were prepared by using premix membrane emulsification method. To prepare second particles, they were spray dried. The final particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dry laser particle size analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared analysis (IR) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The average size of the primary particles was (337.5 ± 6.2) nm, while that second particles was (3.675 ± 0.16) μm which can be decomposed into primary nanoparticles in water. And the second particles were solid sphere-like with the drug dispersed as armorphous form in them. It is a reference for components delivery to lung in a new form.

Objective Maxillary canine palatal impaction is a common deformity in stomatology and its etiology remains dis-putable.The aim of this study is to investigate the crown-root morphology of the adjacent lateral incisors in patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines using cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT) in order to explore its etiology. Methods Using CBCT scanning, we examined 94 maxillary canines in 84 patients, including 27 palatally impacted maxillary canines in 24 patients ( the experi- mental group) , 37 buccally impacted maxillary canines in 30 age-and sex-matched subjects ( control group A) , and 30 normal maxil-lary canines in 30 age-and sex-matched subjects ( control group B) .We selected some necessary reference planes, measured the ori-entation and position of the chosen canines, and studied the morphology of the adjacent lateral incisors by CS 3D imaging, followed by statistical analysis of 17 of the linear variables obtained. Results Compared with control group A, the experimental group showed significantly shorter tooth length ([22.930 ±1.849]mm vs [21.240 ±1.651]mm, P<0.05), crown length ([9.270 ±0.559]mm vs [8.150 ±0.889] mm, P<0.05), and mesiodistal width at 4 mm to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) ([7.260 ±0.579]mm vs [5.900 ±0.581] mm, P<0.05) as well as shorter buccolingual width at the CEJ level, mesiodistal width at 4 mm to the CEJ, buc-colingual width at 4 mm apical to the CEJ, distance from the canine cusp to the coronal and occlusal planes, and coronal angulation of the canine (all P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between maxillary canine palatal impaction and age (P<0.05). Conclusion One of the main causes of maxillary canine palatal impaction is that the adjacent lateral incisor is too small to provide suf-ficient guidance to the canine.The severity of maxillary canine palatal impaction increases with the age of the patient.