OBJECTIVE:To study the identification problems of pharmacokinetic compartment models.METHODS:Problems of the identification of classical compartment models in single administration were systematically discussed by Laplace transformation method.RESULTS:The classical compartment models in single administration don't have the character of u-niqueness and the identification for which is a problem.CONCLUSION:The drug level in plasma and the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs were in a direct ratio under the condition of two kinds of unidentifiable classical compartment models,in that case,it has theoretic bases and significance to predict the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs or target organs by means of determining the drug concentration in plasma;if on the other hand,if two kinds of classical com-partment models are identifiable,the drug level in plasma and the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs or target organs wouldn't be in a proportional relationship,in this case,it is advisable to make sure the relationship between the drug le_ vel in plasma and the concentration of drugs that distributed in organs or target organs before predicting drug concentration that distributed in organs or target organs by means of monitoring the drug concentration in plasma;otherwise,it is baseless and meaningless.

Objective To study changes and meaning of serum IL -4,IL -10,IFN -gamma,TGF -beta 1 level in patients with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning.Methods From January 2011 and June 2014 in our hospital,40 cases of DEACMP patients were selected as group A;the 40 patients with DEACMP was divided into 12 cases of mild cognitive dysfunction,mild cognitive dysfunction in 20 cases,8 cases of severe cognitive dysfunction.40 cases with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP)patients were selected as group B;40 cases of healthy subjects were selected as healthy controls.Serum interleukin 4 and interleukin 10(IL -4)(IL -10),interfer-on gamma (IFN -gamma),conversion,growth factor beta 1 (TGF -beta 1)content were tested.Results In Group A and group B serum IL -4 levels were lower than that of healthy controls (P <0.01),and serum levels of IL -10 in group B were higher than that in group A and healthy controls (P <0.01),serum level of IFN -gamma in group A and group B was higher than the healthy controls (P <0.01),and in group A IFN -gamma levels were higher than group B (P <0.01),while in group A serum TGF -beta 1 level was lower than B group and the control group (P <0.01),and in group B TGF -beta 1 level was higher than the control group (P <0.01);With cognitive impairment aggravating of DEACMP patients,IL -4,IL -10,TGF -beta 1 levels were on the decline,and IFN -gamma level was increasing (P <0.01).Conclusion DEACMP patients serum and cerebrospinal fluid of IL -4,IL -10,IFN -gam-ma,TGF -beta measures such as abnormal expression,showed that the onset of DEACMP may be related to neural immune injury.Serum IL -4,IL -10,IFN -gamma and TGF -beta of DEACMP patients exists abnormal expression Serum IL -4,IL -10,IFN -gamma and TGF -beta levels are also related to the degree of cognitive impairment of DEACMP patients.The onset and progress of DEACMP may be associated with neural immune injury.

Objective To study the changes in and correlations between the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and the coronary perfusion pressure during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) based on the cardiac arrest dog models of ventricular fibrillation by electric shock. Methods 36 healthy dogs were evenly randomized into 3 groups including 4 minutes close-chest CPR(CCCPR) group, 4 minutes open-chest CPR(OCCPR) group, and 8 minutes OCCPR group. There were 12 dogs in each group, half male and half female. In the process of CPR, all parameters about PETCO2 and CPP were recorded. Results In the 4 minutes CCCPR group, the correlation coefficient between the CPP and the PETCO2 was 0.992 (P<0.05), which was in positive linear correlation. In the 4 minutes OCCPR group, the correlation coefficient between the CPP and the PETCO2 was 0.937 (P < 0.05), which also showed positive linear correlation. In the 8 minutes OCCPR group, the correlation coefficient between the CPP and the PETCO2 was 0.952 (P<0.05), and was also in positive linear correlation. The percentage of ROSC was 66.7(8/12) in the 4 minutes CCOPR group, 100%(12/12) in the 4 minutes OCCPR group and 58.3%(7/12) in the 8 minutes OCCPR group. There were statistical differences in CPP, PETCO2 between models with ROSC and without ROSC at 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins of CPR (all P<0.05). Conclusions This research shows that there is a close positive linear relationship between the coronary perfusion pressure and the PETCO2, and PETCO2 could be used to evaluate the prognosis of the CPR.

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of gastrointestinal carcinoma patients by mini-nutritional assessment(MNA),and to compare the relationship with different tranditional evaluative methods. Methods: The nutritional state and the malnutritional incidence were analysed by MNA questionnaire in 496 gastrointestinal carcinoma patients,and the relationship among MNA score and anthropometric measurements and laboratory test was studied.Results: ①According to the scores of MNA, 16.94%(84/496) patients were of mal-nutrition and 42.54%(211/496) patients were at risk of malnutrition.② In terms of each single index,BMI,TSF,AC and AMC,the prevalence of malnutrition was 13.5%,21.9%,15.1% and 15.5% respectively.③According to laboratory test,including serum albumin,PA,TLC,the incidence of malnutrition was 14.9%,25.4% and 30.8%.④ There was a significant correlation between the MNA score and tranditional nutritional estimated markers.The correlation coefficients of MNA with BMI,ALB,AC,TSF,AMC and TLC were between 0.18 and 0.53(P

H295R cells can express all the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones,and have the ability to produce the steroid hormones found in the adult human adrenal cortex. Good correlation of response to toxicity has been reported between H295R cell line and normal adult human adrenal cells. H295R cell line can be used to evaluate effects of chemicals on gene expression,enzymatic activities and hormone production,and to explore the mode of action of chemicals on steroidgenesis. H295R cell line has been suggested as a potentially useful tool for screening environmental steroid hormone disruptors in vitro. The application of H295R cell line for screening environmental steroid hormone disruptors in vitro and its current issues are reviewed in this article.

Objective To analyze the causes and results of treatment of periprosthetic femoral frac-tures after total hip arthroplasty and to explore the best operative methods for fractures. Methods 11 cases treated for periprosthetic femoral fracture after total hip arthroplasty were subjected to a retrospective fol-low-up study from December 1998 to March 2003. There were 8 men and 3 women, the mean age was 56 years (range, 43 to 75 years). There were 2 Vancouver A type fractures, 7 B2 type, 1 B3 type, 1 C type. 5 fractures were treated by nonoperative methods and other 6 by operative methods, including one fracture malunion treated initially by skin traction. There were 5 revisions using long stem supplemented with cortical allograft strut, including 4 uncemented stems with distal fixation and one cemented stem; the remaining one fracture treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Results None was lost for follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 25.6 months (range, 7 to 50 months). 9 fractures united at a mean of 4 months (range, 3 to 6 months). Nonunion was found in 2 fractures, both were treated nonoperatively. All the 6 fractures treated by operative methods united. Up to now, 7 stems were well-fixed, continuous radiolucent line was seen in one revision case, 3 stems were loosened. The function of the patients with well-fixed stems was bet-ter than those with loosened stems, the mean Harris score of the former was 91. All the cortical allograft struts were incorporated with host bone within one year. No strut fracture happened. Conclusion Type A fractures with well-fixed stems can be treated by nonoperative methods, while type B1 and type C fractures should be treated by open reduction and internal fixation, on condition there is no surgical contraindication. For fractures with loosened stems, use of an uncemented long stem with distal fixation supplemented with cortical allograft strut is the best choice.

The content of chlorogenic acid in Xiaoer Jiebiao Oral Liquid was determined by HPLC.ODS column was applied.Mobile phase was methanol_1% acetic acid(25∶75),wavelength of detector was 328nm.Samples were extracted with methanol on ultrasonic vibrator.In this method,the linera range of chlorogenic acid is 0.232 ～ 1.16 ?g,the correlation coefficient is 0.9994 ,and the mean recovery is 98.44%. The results showed that this method is simple,quick and reproduciple.

Objective To study the effect of early rehabilitation on motor function of hemiplegic patients after cerebral infarction. Methods Forty two patients were divided into two groups randomly: a rehabilitation group and a control group. Both groups were given the same internal medical treatment to stabilize the patients conditions in the early stage. In addition, the patients in the rehabilitation group were given early formal rehabilitation training, while those in the control group were given no formal rehabilitation training. The results of therapy were assessed by using SIAS method (Stroke Impairment Assessment Set). Results As shown by the SIAS result, the scores of motor function, muscle tone, range of motion (ROM), pain, trunk control and function on the unaffected side in the rehabilitation group were significantly better than those in the control group (all P

Abodominal giant incisional hernia is the common complication of abdominal operations,and surgery is the only efficient treatment for it.It is important to treat the local complications,to use antibiotics and to assess the tolerance of increased intra-abdominal pressure before operation.Component separation technique is feasible to close the abdominal wall defect,which is one of the main difficuhies in giant heruia repair.After that,mesh repair with biological materials is recommended to enhance the abdominal wall.Although mesh repair techniques diversified,sandwich hernionhaphy seems superior.This paper will analyse the present treatment progress of abdominal giant incisional hernia.

Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)refers to cognitive regression which goes beyond one'S age and education level,but does not influence the activities of daily living.More than half patients with MCI will develop dementia within five years.Therefore,MCI is considered as a risk status of dementia.Early diagnosis of MCI prevents against patients developing dementia. Voxel-based morphometry(VBM)technique quantitatively calculates the size of global and local gray matter voxel and signal intensity.It is a full automatic analysis technique of objective brain morphology.This article reviews the application of VBM technique in patient with MCI.