Infantile cholestasis is a syndrome caused by multiple factors with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia for clinical characteristics. The etiologic factors include infection, poisoning, inherited metabolic defects and bile duct abnormalities. Infection, biliary atresia accounts for more than half of cholestasis children. Recently, the new causes have been recognized, for example citrin deficiency, Alagille syndrome,progressive familial cholestasis symptoms caused by different causes are similar to biliary atresia, but the prognosis and treatment are quite different. If misdiagnosed, the condition will exacerbate. Understanding the various causes plays an important role for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infantile cholestasis.

OBJECTIVE:To develop an HPLC-fluorescence method for simultaneous determination of losartan and its major metabolite(E-3174) in human plasma.METHODS:Plasma sample was pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction with aether then determined with valsartan served as internal standard.The determination was performed on Diamonsil C18 with column temperature set at room temperature.The mobile phase consisted of 0.02 mol?L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH=2.35 with phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (57∶43) at a flowrate of 0.5 mL?min-1.The excitation wavelength was set at 250 nm and the emission wavelength was set at 370 nm.RESULTS:The linear range of losartan was 10～1 000 ng?mL-1(r=0.999 0) with a lowest limiest of quantification(LLOQ) of 10 ng?mL-1;the linear range of E-3174 was 5～1 000 ng?mL-1(r=0.999 0) with a LLOQ of 5 ng?mL-1.The methodological recoveries of losartan and E-3174 were 94.05%～110.09% and 107.7%～110.94%,respectively,with both intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD at less than 10.0%;the extraction recoveries of losartan and E-3174 were 69.16%～70.85% and 67.50%～70.77%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The developed method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it is applicable for the concentration determination and pharmacokinetic studies of losartan and its major metabolite (E-3174) in human plasma.

Magnesium participates in many fundamental metabolic processes and plays important roles in maintaining normal body function. Magnesium homeostasis is regulated by a fine balance between gastrointestinal absorption and renal excretion. Several hereditary disorders characterized by hypomagnesemia have been described since 1960s, including familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia with hypocalciuria, hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia and etc. Recent advances in molecular genetics and protein functions contribute to more understanding of magnesium transport. We will review clinical aspects of hereditary disorders of hypomagnesemia and summarize genetic findings related to these disorders.

To introduce germfree isolating technologies used in gnotobiology , and to compare the differences with in Cleaning Rooms, Restrictive Access Barrier Systems (RABS) and Isolators.To expect the development of isolators , and to describe the uses of isolators in gnotobioly .

BACKGROUND:Unicompartment knee replacement is more popular for smal trauma, rapid recovery, low complication and almost normal knee mechanics, and has been more and more used in clinic to repair single compartment knee disease. At present, there is no report about the influence of the angle of the single condyle prosthesis on the survival rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of unicompartmental knee replacement for medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee in 4-6 years of fol ow-up. METHODS:Thirty patients with medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee were treated by unicompartmental knee replacement with Oxford system. Complication occurrence was observed. Curative effects were evaluated with Hospital for Special Surgery score before and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. On anteroposterior view, the varus/valgus alignments of the tibial components were measured relative to the long axis of the tibia. On lateral view, flexion/extension of the femoral component was measured relative to the posterior femoral cortex. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Primary healing of incision was obtained in al patients, and no infection or lower limb deep venous thrombosis occurred. (2) Al of the patients were fol owed up for 48-72 months. There was no prosthetic loosening, dislocation or revision for contralateral compartment and patel ofemoral joint symptoms. (3) Hospital for Special Surgery score was significantly increased to (90.47±4.05) (P=0.00). (4) Tibial placement angle of single condyle prosthesis:The axis of the prosthesis was perpendicular to the axis of the tibia in 21 cases. Varus placement:2° in 1 case, 4° in 3 cases, 5° in 2 cases, 6° in 2 cases, and 10° in 1 case. No valgus occurred in the tibial side. (5) Femoral prosthesis placement angle:The axis of the femoral prosthesis was paral el to the posterior edge of the femoral cortex in 22 cases, on the flexed position:4° in 2 cases, 5° in 1 case, 6° in 1 case and 7° in 1 case;in the extension position:3° in 1 case, 4° in 1 case and 5° in 1 case. (6) Results suggested that the unilateral condylar replacement for the repair of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee has a good initial effect. The middle-term and long-term efficacy needs longer fol ow-up study.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Protective Devices

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor in the world. medical delay always leads to more advanced stage, larger tumor and more metastasis. This literature review dealt about status, influencing factors and intervention related to medical delay of breast cancer, as a reference to promote health- seeking behavior of breast cancer.

ObjectiveTo examine the quality of Chinese herbal pieces Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (Chinese Herbal Pieces) in Guasu Province during 2010 to 2012.MethodsBy using the examination method according to selective examination requirements, 15 varieties of 865 batches of Chinese herbal medicine from 14 regions in Gansu Province during 2010 to 2012 were examined. Evaluation was conducted from the unqualified items and sample quality.Results Among 15 varieties of 865 batches of Chinese herbal medicine from Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gannan in Gansu Province, 240 batches were unqualified, including 99 batches of fake, 104 batches of adulteration, the total fraction defective was 30.1%.ConclusionThe problems in quality of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (Chinese Herbal Pieces) in Gansu Province are serious. Therefore, TCM market inspection and management should be reinforced and the quality of Chinese herbal medicine should be improved as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on cardiovascular function in patients with coro -nary heart diseases , and explore its mechanism .Methods Eighty patients with coronary heart disease during 2009 January to 2012 December from our hospital patients were selected and randomly divided into the study group ( 41 cases ) and control group ( 39 ca-ses) .Patients in study group were given sevoflurane preconditioning , while the control group were given propofol .A series of parame-ters were recorded, including the patient's heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), systolic time ratio (STR) and serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) before induction of anesthesia (T0), 30min (T1) during the operation, incision suture (T2), 6h after operation (T3), 12h after operation (T4), and 24 h after op-eration (T5).Results HR, CO, SV, CVP, MAP, STR, and cTnT of the research group were relatively more stable than the control group in the preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and recovery.The study group at CO, T1, SV, STR, and cTnT were (3.48 ±0.40)L/min, (6.4 ±1.9)ml/(min· m2), (0.36 ±0.76), (0.227 ±0.112)ng/ml, CO, SV, STR in T2 and cTnT were (3.58 ±0.52)L/min, (6.6 ±2.3)ml/(min· m2), (0.36 ±0.63), (0.241 ±0.115)ng/ml, control group T1 at CO, SV, STR and cTnT were (3.11 ±0.53)L/min, (5.2 ±2.1)ml/(min· m2), (0.46 ±0.81), (0.351 ±0.106)ng/ml, CO, SV, STR in T2 and cTnT were (3.15 ±0.61)L/min, (5.7 ±1.5)ml/(min· m2), (0.44 ±0.90), (0.311 ±0.112) ng/ml.The patients in study group were in T1 CO, SV CO in T1 , SV, T2 times higher than that in control group .STR in T1 , T2 point was lower than that of the control group, cTnT in T1 , T2 point was lower than that of the control group , and the difference between the groups was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .Research group of patients with CO , SV higher than that in control group at in T 1 ,T2 , and STR lower than that at T 1 , T2 , cTnT lower than that of the control group at in T 1 , T2 , and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusions Sevoflurane preconditioning can make the hemodynamics more stable , more suitable for clinical anesthesia , and its mechanism may be related to the changes of cardiac troponin T .