Ten percent ethyl acetate oil red dye was injected into the axillary artery of 30adult cadavers.After careful dissection under surgical microscope,the cutaneousarteries in the lateral thoracic region were demonstrated.The skin and subcutaneoustissue in this region is nourished mainly by four axial arteries.In the anterior part,the anterolateral area,accessory lateral thoracic artery is almost always present.It isa direct cutaneous branch of axillary or brachial artery.In the posterior part,thepectoral latissimus dorsi area,direct cutaneous branches,arise from the lateral thoracicartery,subscapulo-dorsal thoracic artery and axillary artery.The distribution of thecutaneous arteries may be monopolized by either one,or one to be the main theother accessory.The diameters of the arteries and accompanying veins,can satisfythe requirment of a cutaneous flap in microvascular surgery.These arteries all possessrich anastomosis between each other and with neighboring arteries.The architactureof the destribution of blood vessels of lateral thoracic region,possibly set up amorphological basis,which may be helpful in cutaneous flap designation.

Acute Disease ; Aged, 80 and over ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Embolism

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of herbal fumigation and steaming for rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and to explore its anti-inflammation mechanism.Methods Twenty-two RA patients were randomized into two groups: group A(N=10) received meloxican and methotrexate,and group B(N=12) received herbal fumigation and steaming of Xunzheng Prescription(mainly composed of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii,Radix Angelicae Pubescentis,Radix Saposhnikoviae,Ramulus Cinnamomi,Herba Asari,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Caulis Piperis Kadsurae,Radix Cynanchi Paniculati,Rhizoma Curcumae Longae,Lignum Sappan,Borneolum Syntheticum) additionally.The treatment lasted 20 days.The changes of joint symptoms and signs,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) were observed before and after treatment.Serum tumornecrosis factor ?(TNF-?) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1) contents were detected by enzymelinked immunoassay.Results Compared with group A,joint pain and tenderness index as well as morning stiffness time were improved in group B (P

Objective To study traditional Chinese herb fumigation and steaming in treating AA model rats and the change of IL-1? in serum and joint, and explore its mechanism. Method Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, aqua group, high dose group, low dose group. Except normal group and the right foot of rats were injected CFA 0.1 mL to make AA model. Aqua group, high dose group and low dose group received steam treatment for 10 days. In the 21st day, the content of IL-1? in serum and the expression level in joint were detected. Results Traditional Chinese herb fumigation and steaming group had notable reduction the IL-1? content in serum and strong positive expression of IL-1? in joint than model group. Conclusion Traditional Chinese herb fumigation and steaming can down-regulate the level of IL-1? in serum and restrain IL-1? expression in joint.

Objective To observe the efficacy of somatostatin on elderly patients with acute suppurative cholecystitis and its impact on the C-reactive protein (CRP), prealbumin (PA) and total bilirubin (TBIL) effects before or after operation. Method 110 elderly patients with acute suppurative cholecystitis, which from January 2011 to June 2013, were randomly divided into observation group and control group, each group had 55 cases, the control group were gave operation, the observation group were treated with somatostatin on basis of control group before and after operation. The operative time, blood loss, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score and morbidity were observed. At the same time, the levels of CRP, PA and TBIL were detected before and after operation. Results After treatment, the blood loss, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complication rate in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01), while the differences in operative time and postoperative VAS score between two groups were not significant . After treatment, the levels of CRP, and TBIL appear significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.01), while the PA levels appear significantly higher compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), the decreasing or increasing levels in observation group were more obvious compared with control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The adjuvant therapy efficacy of somatostatin were obvious before and after operation, they can significantly reduce the body's inflammatory response, and promote the postoperative recovery.

The end stage of chronic renal diseases is characterized by glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Studies have revealed that effective amelioration of renal fibrosis can significantly delay the progression of chronic renal diseases. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear transcriptional factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and PPAR-γ is one of the phenotypes of PPARs. The effect of PPAR-γ on inhibiting renal fibrosis has become a hot spot. In this article the research advances of PPAR-γ in amelioration of renal fibrosis are reviewed.

Background Blepharitis is an induce factor for multiple ocular surface diseases.Research showed that bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of blepharitis.To make sure the pathogenic bacteria and effective antimicrobial agents are of clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of blepharitis.Objective The purpose of this study was 1o investigate the bacterial isolates of conjunctival sac secretion and meibomian secretion in the patients with blepharitis and study their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility.Methods Forty-five patients with anterior blepharitis and 45 cases with posterior blepharitis were included in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from December 2006 to December 2012,and 45 patients for laser in situ keratomileusis were enrolled in the same period as control group.The secretions of the conjunctival sac and meibomian were collected with sterile cotton swab,and bacterial isolates were cultured in bouillon culture-medium.The number of eyes with different bacteria was examined and calculated.Then the bacteria were switched to blood agar plates,and antimicrobial susceptibility test to erythromycin,gentamicin,tobramycin,rifampin,levofloxacin were performed by M ueller Hinton (M-H) medium paper method.Results The total germiculture positive rates were 81.1％,76.1％ and 65.0％ in the anterior blepharitis group,posterior blepharitis group and the control group,showing a significant difference among them (x2 =12.80,P=0.00).The germiculture positive rates in meibomian secretion were 84.4％ and 78.8％ in the anterior blepharitis group and the posterior blepharitis group,which were significantly higher than 67.8％ in the control group (x2=7.30,P =0.03).There was no statistically significant difference in the germiculture positive rate of conjunctival sac section among the three groups (77.8％,73.3％ and 62.2％) (x2 =5.60,P=0.06).The main bacteria in conjunctival sac secretion and meibomian secretion were staphylococcus epidermidis,staphylococcus aureus and corynebacterium in all the subjects,but streptococcus pneumoniae and gram-negative bacillus were not detected in the control group.Staphylococcus showed the highest susceptibility to gentamicin,tobramycin and rifampicin,with the sensitive rate ＞70％.Corynebacterium was susceptible to various drugs.Streptococcus pneumoniae had susceptibility to erythromycin and tobramycin.However,Gram-negative bacillus was not susceptible to all the drugs above.Conclusions Bacteria participate in the pathogenesis of blepharitis,but the germiculture positive rate,bacterial species and drug susceptibility of bacteria are obviously different between patients with blepharitis and normal population.Reasonable application of antimicrobial agents is important to blepharitis.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value on the detection of urinary podocyte marker protein podocalyxin(PCX) in children with nephritic syndrome(NS) and Schonlein-Henoch purpura nephritis(HSPN).MethodsUrinary samples voided in the morning were obtained from 14 healthy children and 75 children with NS or HSPN or Schonlein-Henoch purpura(HSP),including 21 children with NS in the acute phrase,14 children with NS in the catabasis,16 children with HSPN in the acute phrase,14 children with HSPN in the catabasis,10 children with common HSP,and 14 healthy children for control group.And urinary PCX content of the first morning urine was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results1.The levels of PCX content were significantly higher in the urine from children with any case of NS and HSPN compared with those in the control group(P≤0.009),but there was no obvious difference between common HSP children and children in the control group(P=0.754).2.The level of urinary PCX content in acute phrase of NS was(0.593?0.271) ?g/L,in the catabasis of NS was(0.162?0.093) ?g/L,there were significant difference(P=0).The level of urinary PCX content in acute phrase of HSPN was(1.822?1.342) ?g/L,in the catabasis of HSPN it was(0.236?0.141) ?g/L,which was significantly different(P=0.004).The level of urinary PCX content in common HSP was(0.089?0.061) ?g/L,there were significant difference in any case of HSPN(Pa

Objective To detect exon deletions/duplications in the DMD gene in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy pedigrees using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method,and explore the usefulness of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis as a method for genetic diagnostics in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy.Methods Exon deletions/duplications in the DMD gene were analyzed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for two pedigrees with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy.Patients and carriers were diagnosed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.Results The pedigree with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was caused by DelEx45-50 mutation,while the pedigree with Becker muscular dystrophy was caused by Dup Ex3-4 mutation.Patients and carriers were diagnosed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method.Conclusion Exon deletions/duplications in the DMD gene can be indicated by probe copies using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method under standard operating procedure.Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification should be considered as a rapid and accurate clinical method for an initial mutation analysis of DMD gene with exon deletions/duplications.

Objective In this study,we measured the levels of urinary monocyte chemoattractant (MCP)-1 and interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP-10) and further analyzed their associations with clinical and pathological data in lupus nephritis patients in order to find the non-invasive biomarkers which canpredict disease activity.Methods MCP-1,IP-10,VEGF levels were measured in urine samples from 64 lupus nephritis patients and 20 healthy volunteers.Clinical disease activity was determined by SLEDAI and BILAG scores.The lupus nephritis patients were divided into two groups:active disease group (SLEDAI scores ≥ 10points,n=36) and non-active group (SLEDAI score＜10 points,n=28).Of all patients enrolled,37 patients had a concomitant kidney biopsy performed at the time of urine collection.The predictive performance of uri-nary MCP-1 and IP-10 for renal flare,the Student's t test,Mann-Whitney U test,Chi-square test,and re-ceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for analysis.Results The urinary MCP-1 and urinary IP-10 levels of the active group was significantly higher than that of the non-active group [MCP-1672.39(318.05,2 554.23)pg/ml vs 152.52,(55.61,330.44)pg/ml,Z=-4.717,P＜0.01; IP-10 (38±19) pg/ml vs (22±16) pg/ml,t=3.576 P＜0.01].The level of urinary MCP-1 was positively correlated with the levels of hematuria and 24 hours protein quan-tification,as well as the scores of SLEDAI and BILAG (rbemahuria=0.570,P=0.000; r24hpro=0.569,P=0.000; rSLEDAI=0.600,P=0.000; rBILAG=0.606,P=0.000),and it was also positively correlated with the scores of cellular crescent,wire loop,and AI (rCC=0.405,P=0.015; rwire loop=0.430,P=0.014; rAI=0.352,P=0.003),while nega-tively correlated with the level of C3 and plasma albumin (rc3=-0.564,P=0.000; ralb=-0.587,P=0.000).It had no correlation with the scores of wire loop and CI (P＞ 0.05).The level of uIP-10 was positively correlated with the protein quantification in 24 hours and the scores of SLEDAI and BILAG (r24hpro=0.305,P=0.018; rSLEDAI=0.334,P=0.009; rSILAG=0.496,P=0.000),while negatively correlated with the level of C4 (rC4=-0.301,P=0.016).The R0C curve of uMCP-1 to predict the activity of SLE showed that its specificity was 75.0％,sensitivity was 83.3％,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.85±0.05.The ROC curve of urinary IP-10 to predict the activity of SLE showed that its specificity was 50.0％,sensitivity was 97.2％,its area under the ROC curve was 0.74±0.06.The ROC curve of urinary MCP-1 to predict renal flare shows that its specificity was 45.5％,its sensitivity was 100％,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.74±0.80.The ROC curve of urinary IP-10 to predict renal flare showed that its specificitywas 36.4％,its sensitivity was 73.3％,and its area under the ROC curve was 0.49 ±0.10.Conclusion Urinary MCP-1 and urinary IP-10 predict renal flare in patients with lupus nephritis.Furthermore,urinary MCP-1 is a more specific and sensitive forecaster of renal flare in patients with a history of lupus nephritis than urinary IP-10.