Fibrosis is the major cause of corneal scarring.Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a key role in corneal homeostasis and repair.Corneal epithelial basement membrane is thought to be the important barrier of corneal epitheliumstroma interaction.In different stages of corneal wound healing,the isoforms of TGF-β have different temporal and spatial expression.The integrity of basement membrane is a critical factor of these procedures.The temporal and spatial distributions of TGF-β isoforms play the crucial roles in cell migration,proliferation,phenotype changes and deposition of extracellular matrix in corneal wound healing.It is the mechanism of corneal scarring and scar-free healing.This article reviews recent articles to elucidate the biological functions of TGF-β and the temporal and spatial distribution of its isoforms in corneal wound healing.

Objective To introduce the methods and experiences of establishing health education management system in a certain tumor hospital and to evaluate the application effect.Methods By building president led,nursing department guided nursing education committee management system,establishing and enhancing the following aspects:health education inspection and assessment criteria,health education clinical pathway,patient satisfaction questionnaire,evaluation system of telephone follow-up of discharge patients; Implementing the following matters:training for nurses on delivering health education,health education clinical pathway,patient and family health education lecture tour,homes for tumor patients and care givers,etc,forming the management network with the core of health education management committee-head nurse-leader of the ward health education group,which was quality control downward,full participation.Results The differences of tumor knowledge awareness,satisfaction of the patient and the ability of delivering health education and giving lecture of the nurses after education were statistically significant compared with those before the education.Conclusions The health education management system can ensure the efficient operation of the care,improve the level of nursing health education for patients and their families,provide certain health guidance,and improve patient satisfaction degree.

Objective To explore the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to Esophageal Cancer in residents in Tieling,so as to provide the basis data on preventing Esophageal cancer in Tieling.Methods The data of residents in Tieling dying of Esophageal cancer from 2007 to 2015 was collected and cleared up to calculate the evaluation indexes including the mortality rate,the average percentage change of mortality rate.GM(1,1) model was used to predict the future mortality.Results From 2007 to 2015,the Average Esophageal cancer Mortality Rate of in residents in Tieling was 5.26 per 100000 persons,and especially 1.95％ raised a year.The Mortality Rate would increase from 2016 to 2019.Conclusion Tieling Esophageal Cancer mortality rate is on the rise,especially for elder men more than 60.So that the proper prevention measures should be car ried and strengthened.

The article mainly introduces the teaching content and teaching methods of medical ethics education for international students according to the investigation of their basic information,culture background,and learning background in Tianjin Medical University and Tianjin TCM University,and sets up a perfect teaching system with the international standard in order to realize internationalization of medical education.

Objective To assess the removal efficiency of bacteria by water purifiers using different purifying materials. Methods The bacterial removal effectiveness of 7 types of commercially available water purifiers was tested using the National Standard Methods. Results Apart from one type using a single activated-carbon filtering material, the bacteria removal effectiveness of the other 6 types of water purifiers met the requirements of water purification device according to the rated treated-water-capacity conditions. Conclusion The removal efficiency of bacteria by water purifiers made from different filtering materials was different. Bacteria elimination effectiveness of a single-filtering material was lower and it is inversely proportional to its water-treating capacity. Water purifiers using multiple-purifying materials gave better removal efficiency of bacteria.

AlM: To investigate the effect of exogenous peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α ( PGC-1α) on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) expression in human retinal vascular endothelial cells ( HRVEC) .METHODS:Recombinant PGC-1α protein was added to HRVEC, and no recombinant PGC-1α protein was added to HRVEC as control group. After 24h of incubation, two groups of cells were then placed into a normoxic ( 20%O2 ) or hypoxic ( 1% O2 ) environment for another 16h. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein were detected by real - time PCR, ELlSA and immunofluorescence cytochemistry.RESULTS: VEGF mRNA and protein levels in the cells were significantly increased by recombinant PGC - 1αprotein both under normoxia and hypoxia conditions as compared with control groups (P<0. 01).CONCLUSlON: PGC-1α can upregulate the expression of VEGF in HRVEC under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for scientific and standardized management of temporary purchased drugs. METHODS:By using ABC analysis method,the data of non-antimicrobial temporary purchased drugs in a hospital in 2014 were analyzed statistically with ABC analysis in terms of quantity,the number of types and departments. Class A drugs were analyzed es-pecially. RESULTS:A total of 152 kinds of drugs were purchased temporarily,including 20 464 boxes,20 kinds of class A drugs, which accounted for 70.56%. Main types were antitumor drugs and nutraceuticals by pharmacology;26 departments temporarily purchased drug,mainly in tumor department and hematology department. CONCLUSIONS:The types of temporary purchased drugs meet the clinical demand in the hospital basically. The necessary type A drugs used frequently can be used as reference of tem-porary drug purchase;the temporary purchased drugs can be managed scientifically and normatively based on ABC analysis.

Objective To understand the current economical operation of public hospitals in Hubei province and its effect on their public welfare performance. Methods To collect data in field survey and to analyze the current economic situation of such hospitals in the province based on relevant statistics.Results Financial revenue and expenditure of these hospitals keep rising and achieving a balance in general; for the insufficient government financial subsidy, 90% of the revenue of such hospitals come from their medical services and drugs sold; the per capita revenue of these public hospitals maintains a yearly rising trend; their asset-liability ratio was relatively high. Conclusions The public welfare performance of these hospitals tends to be impeded by the reform on the macro economic system and health policy changes, on top of the attraction of economic interests. Improving the government subsidy mechanism for public hospitals and standardizing the financial management mechanism of public hospitals.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mucormycosis ; pathology

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ADC values in the evaluation of normal fetal brain development by measuring ADC values changes in specific regions with advancing gestational age.Methods Forty fetuses(gestational age:24 to 41 weeks) with normal brain underwent DWI(b value were 0 and 600 s/mm2).ADC values of the frontal white matter(WM),occipital WM,thalamus,basal ganglia,and cerebellum were measured by post-processing software.The differences among different regions' ADC values were calculated by repeated measurements of ANOVA,and simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between ADC values and gestational age.Results The mean ADC valuesof 40 fetuses were(1 800±214) ×10-6mm2/s in frontal WM,(1 400±100) ×10-6mm2/s in basal ganglia,(1 300±126) ×10-6mm2/s in thalamus,(1 700±133) ×10-6mm2/s in occipital WM and(1 400± 155) × 10-6mm2/s in cerebellum,respectively.There was significant difference in the ADC values among the five regions(F=80.813,P＜0.01).In pair-wise comparison,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus and cerebellum had no significant difference; however,others had significant difference between each other.With the increasing gestational age,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus,occipital WM and cerebellum decreased,and had significant negative correlations with gestational age(Pearson correlation coefficient were-0.568,-0.716,-0.830 and-0.700,respectively,all P＜0.01).In terms of ADC value,occipital WM declined fastest with gestational age,followed by cerebellum and thalamus,and the slowest was basal ganglia.Frontal ADC values showed no correlation with gestational age(P＞0.05).Conclusions Specific regions of fetal brain have specific ADC values,and ADC values of the region undergo regular change with advancing gestational age.ADC value is a specific quantitative parameter that could help to evaluate normal brain development and early diagnosis of fetal brain lesions.