Objective To investigate the protective effects of different ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ ATP) channel openers. Pinacidil and Diazoxide, on myocardium injury in isolated rabbit hearts caused by ischemia/reperfusion and the possible changes after application of ATP-sensitve potassium channel blocker, 5-HD. Methods Observation was made on rabbit hearts perfused with a Langendorff apparatus. Forty rabbits were randomly divided into five respective groups: 1. Pinacidil (Group P), 2. Diazoxide (Group D), 3. 5-HD+Pinacidil (Group HP), 4. 5-HD+Diazoxide (Group HD) and 5. the control (Group C). All groups were subjected to 40 minutes of occlusion, followed by 20 minutes of reperfusion as cardiac arrested by cold cardioplegia. Any one of Pinacidil, Diazoxide , Pinacidil or Diazoxide mixed with 5-HD was infused 15 minutes before cardioplegic heart rested in the experimental group. Cardiac tissue ultrastructure, hemodynamics variables, levels of adenine nucleotides and lipid peroxide of the myocardium were measured. Results (1) In Group P, Group D and Group HP, the recovery of myocardial contractility and heart rate after reperfusion was faster but MDA level and the amount of albumen released were lower than Group C. Moreover levels of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were much higher compared with Group C. (2) In Group HP the recovery of myocardial contractility and heart rate was not as good as Group P, but its myocardium MDA level and amount of albumen released was higher than group P. Conclusion ATP-sensitive Potassium Channel openes may enhance myocardial protection against ischemia /reperfusion injury. The above effect of myocardial protection was only partially closed down by ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker: 5-HD. The mitoK_ ATP channels on myocardium may be an important pathway of protection during ischemia/reperfusion process.

AIM: To improve on the acute cumulative death rates method in animal by intravenous (iv) administration. METHODS: A mathematic model was established to simulate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic process by the program written by Visual Basic.net. This program evaluated the acute cumulative death rates (ACD method) for use of pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). RESULTS: The ACD method related on its first dosage, and an unsuitable dosage could lead to a wrong results. It also had been proved that, by adjusting the 2nd dosage it was a more suitable to wider range of dosage. CONCLUSION: By suitable 2nd dosage and enough animal number, ACD method can be used in the pharmacokinetics of TCM.

Hair follicle stem cells located bulge region of hair follicle,had characteristics of all adult stem cells,including slow-cycling,undifferentiated.They also had the abilities of self-renew and proliferation in vitro.CD34,K15,K19 and Nestin might be the makers of the hair follicle stem cells.They could be induced to differentiate to neurons,glial cells,keratinocytes,smooth muscle cells,melanocytes In vitro and neurons,melanocytes in vivo.There were many signals in regulating the hair follicle stem cells involved Wnt signal,BM Psignal and NFATc1 etc.

Objective To study the relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and chronic rejection in kidney allograft recipients and their donors.Methods The cytokine genotypes in- cluding TNF-?,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-?_1 and IFN-?in 144 consecutive first cadaveric kidney allograft re- cipients and 65 corresponding donors were detected by PCR-SSP method.The recipients were followed up for 5 years.The relationship between the TGF-?_1 genotypes of the recipients and donors and the chronic renal allograft rejection was analyzed.Results The incidence of chronic rejection in the recipi- ents with TGF-?_1 high producer genotype(39/91,42.9%)was significantly higher than in those with TGF-?_1 middle or low producer genotype(9/53,17.0%,P0.05).The incidence of chronic rejection in the recipients and donors with TGF-?_1 high producer genotype(4/4)was significantly higher than in those with other genotypes(31/110,28.2%,P

Objective To study the preventive effect of Omeprazole on post-endoscopic retrograde choledo-chopallcreatography(ERCP)-induced pancreatitis.Methods 126 patients were divided into two groups at random.One group received Omeprazole 20mg bid for two days.and the other group received placebo(Vitamine B).Blood was drawn in each group the day before,4 hours and 24 hours following ERCP for examination of amylase and hepa-torenal functions.Meanwhile Meanwhile the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis were also observed.Results Acute pancreatitis was clinically induced in 1.59% cases of placebo group,but none in the Omeprazole group.Hyperamy-lasemia occurred in 20.63%-7.93%in Omeprazole group at 4 hours and 24 hours after ERCP operation,while 30.16%.14.29%in placebo group;The incidence rate of acute pancreatitis following ERCP and hyperamylasemia 4 h after ERCP in omeprazole group were significantly lower than in placebo group(P<0.01,P<0.05).There were no significance differences in amylase 24 hours following ERCP between two groups(P>0.05).Concluslon Omeprazole can prevent the acute pancreatitis induced by ERCP to some extent.

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of high-resolution CT reconstruction techniques on the same slice in hypertrophy of transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra (HTPL5V), and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods Twenty-two cases of clinically diagnosed HTPL5V and 20 normal adults were examined with GE LightSpeed 16-slice spiral CT (36 cases) and Philips iCT 256-slice (6 cases). L5 transverse process and the fifth lumber nerve were reconstructed and observed on the workstations. Results In 22 cases of HTPL5V, there were 26 pseudarthrosis formation and 2 sides with L5 transverse process touching the sacral ala. In 28 sides the iffth lumber nerve traveled through false foramina of the HTPL5V including 6 cases of bilateral compression and 16 cases of unilateral compression. In 21 cases, the nerve was compressed by hyperosteogeny on 27 sides (96.4%) and 1 side due to stenosis (3.6%). On 25 sides (89.3%) the compressed nerves were curved in shaper. There was bulging and/or herniated lumbar disc on 9 sides in 7 cases (32.1%). Conclusion High-resolution CT reconstruction techniques can demonstrate the iffth lumbar nerve of HTPL5V and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore status quo of Shanghai community health services based on the investigation of rural community doctors in Shanghai suburb,and to propose measures on training rural doctors. Methods Retrospective investigation was carried out in 114 rural community health service centers and 1 563 clinics.Primary investigation included the registration,distribution,age,academic titles and education background. Results The results showed insufficient number of human resources and inadequate investment in human capitals in the primary medical services of Shanghai suburbs,and there was a serious shortage of general practitioners.The other problems included older age,insufficient academic qualifications,and without professional titles. Conclusion We should improve the status and treatment of rural doctors.Job training and well-trained professional students should be encouraged for the primary health services.More and more doctors should be attracted to work in community health service centers.General practitioners' personnal information network and general medical training network should be established,and the general medical education system gets improvement.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of combination therapy of ambroxol with vibration? expectoration machine on ventilator-associated pneumonia Methods A total of 96 patients from the Department of Critical Care Medicine were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups:control group,ambroxol group and ammonia ambroxol + vibration expectoration machine group (n=32,each).The ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was randomly divided into three groups (n =32,each).All patients were treated with conventional therapy including anti-inflammatory,suction,airway humidification,nutritional support.On this basis,ambroxol group was given ambroxol 30 mg in 100 ml normal saline,intravenously dripped 3 times a day.On the basis of treatment in the ambroxol group,ammonia ambroxol + expectoration machine were given G5 vibration expectoration machine to expectorate sputum 2 times every other day.Results There were significant differences in acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ),PaO2/FiO2,respiratory rate (RR),heart rate (HR) before versus after the treatment of the three groups (F =5.736,9.432,6.361,5.862,respectively,all P＜0.05).After treatment in the three groups,APACHE Ⅱ,PaO2/FiO2,RR and HR showed statistically significant differences inter-group among three groups (F=4.674,8.665,7.351,6.562,respectively,all P＜0.05).Clinical effective rates of the three groups were 71.9％,84.4％,93.8％ respectively,and showed statistically significant differences inter-group among three groups (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Combination therapy of ambroxol and vibration expectoration machine shows significant effects on VAP,and it is better than ambroxol alone.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of budesonide inhaled on the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with AECOPD treated by using inhalation of budesonide in different doses or by using injection of dexamethasone. MethodsNinety AECOPD patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU ward were enrolled from Jan. 2008 through Sep. 2010. All patients were selected in this study as per the criteria of AECOPD set by the Chinese Medical Association. Ninety AECOPD patients treated with routine therapy were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups. The patients of group A were given budesonide 2 mg inhaled 1 time/d. The patients of group B was given budesonide 4 mg inhaled 1 time/d. The patients of group C had dexamethasone 2. 5 mg injected 1 time/12h. The changes of IL-8, PCT and CRP in both BALF and serum were respectively detected in three groups at the beginning of treatment, and 3 days and 7days after treatment. The detected data of variables were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 package. ResultsThe level of IL-8 in BALF declined in 3days and 7days after treatment, and the magnitude of decrease in the following order:Group B ( budesonide 4mg/d) ＞ Group A ( budesonide 2 mg/d) ＞ Group C ( intravenous dexamethasone)with significant differences among them ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The decrease in IL-8 in serum showed the similar trend, but there were no statistical differences among them. The CRP and PCT in both BALF and serum had no significant changes. There was a correlation between the concentration of IL-8 in BALF and the duration of mechanical ventilation.Conclusions The treatment with the inhalation of budesonide could more significantly reduced the IL-8 level in BALF compared with intravenous dexamethasone, whereas the CRP and PCT were not changed. The dynamic changes of IL-8 in BALF might be used as an indicator of prognosis in AECOPD patients with mechanical ventilation.

AIM: To improve the acute cumulative death rates method (ACD method) in animal by oral administration. METHODS: A mathematic model was established to evaluate the dose-toxic effect relationship by twice oral administration and the experimental steps were improved too. The methodological quality was explored using the simulation data from computer program and the real experimental date from the reference paper. RESULTS: The results showed that the experimental data could be fitted to its theoretical data from LD_5/2 to LD_ 95/2. Concentration-time curve after po ordinary powder of Semen Strychni in mice were fitted to a one-compartment with T_ 1/2(ka)= 1.136 h,T_ 1/2(ke)= 7.100 h,and T_ max= 3.576 h. CONCLUSION: The improved ACD method can be used in the pharmacokinetics of TCM by oral administration.