Objective To investigate the expression change of P2X3 receptor in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion(DRG) in rats with experimental inflammatory pain.Methods Totally 30 SD rats received a subcutaneous injection of carrageenan in the right paw to establish inflammatory pain model,and then divided randomly and equally into 5 groups,that is 6,12,24,72 and 168 h after injection.Another 6 rats undergoing a subcutaneous injection of normal saline in the right paw served as control.Pain threshold was assayed by thermal radiation and von Frey filament in 2,4,6,12,24,72 and 168 h after injection.Expression of P2X3 receptor in spinal dorsal horn and DRG of every group was measured by immunohistochemical staining(IHC).Results After injection of carrageenan,thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia appeared in the rats.The thermal withdrawl latency(TWL) and 50% paw withdrawl threshold(PWT) were decreased obviously from 2 h,descended to the lowest at 12 h,then returned to the normal level after 72 h.The expression of P2X3 receptor in spinal dorsal horn was increased obviously from 24 h,while that at DRG was increased obviously from 12 h.Both of the expressions lasted for 72 h,and returned to the normal level at 168 h after injection.Conclusion Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia appear in the rats after carrageenan injection,and the P2X3 receptor is activated and up-regulated in the DRG and spinal cord,suggesting that P2X3 receptor may play an important role in the incidence and development of inflammatory pain.

Objective:To analyze the depression incidence in premenopausal or postmenopausal women, find out the countermeasures to control or eliminate depression. Methods:Randomly divided the menopause group and premenopausal group in 724 patients who were assessed using Zung depression scale and venous blood determination of endocrine hormone FSH, LH, E2. Zung score≥40 points can diagnose depression. Results:The incidence in premenopausal group of climacteric depression was 13.3%, and postmenopausal group was 5.6%. The incidence of climacteric depression premenopausal group was obviously higher than that after menopause (x2=12.797, P<0.05). Conclusion:Menopause depression patients often have some physical or mental factors as incentive, spirit and body disease, etc.;Patients often change in physical and psychological. So the comprehensive care in the biological, psychological and social are necessary.

In order to improve teaching lever and explore teaching approach, the feasibility study on the combination of the problembased learning method CPBL) and the lecture-based learning method (LBL) was conducted in the teaching of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. The 2010 undergraduates in the major of clinical integrated Chinese and western medicine of five years were randomized into a PBL and LBL group and a LEL group. In the first semester, according to the basic teaching requirement, LBL was used to accomplish the teaching of basic theory. In the internship teaching section, the different teaching method was applied. In the PBL and LEL group, PEL was used, and in the LBL group, LBL was given. At the end of semester, the examination results of the theory learning and medical cases learning were evaluated. The questionnaire was summarized in the teachers and students. The final examination result of theory learning was not different significantly between the two groups (P >0. 05), but the result of medical cases learning in the PEL and LEL group was better than that in LEL group (84. 47±10. 72 vs 76. 00±9. 97, P<0. 05). The questionnaire for the students and teachers indicated that the result of PEL and LEL combined method was higher than that of LEL method (86. 27±8. 36 vs 56. 00±14. 59, P< 0. 01; 45. 89±3. 68 vs 36. 61±6. 41, P<0. 0l), indicating that the combined method of PBL and LEL is feasible in teaching of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and the teaching outcome is superior to the simple LBL, which provides the new approach to the teaching reform.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Education, Medical ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Medical ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To increase the awareness of the incidence trend of ischemic colitis and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.Methods From January 2004 to December 2013,the clinical data of 89 in patients with ischemic colitis were retrospectively analyzed.At the same period,100 patients diagnosed as chronic colitis were enrolled as control group.The laboratory findings of patients with ischemic colitis were compared with those of control group.Non normal distribution data were analysed by non parametric test.Results The annual person-times of patients with ischemic colitis and the percentages accounted in the whole hospital annual person-times increased year by year in recent 10 years,which was one person time and 0.01％ in 2004 increased to 41 person-times and 0.11％ in 2013.The average age of the 89 patients was (63.5±12.7) years,and the male to female ratio was 1∶2.18.The most common underlying disease in the 89 patients was hypertension,accounted for 43.8％.Thirty-eight patients had a history of abdominal surgery,and eighteen patients with appendectomy,accounted for 20.2％.Seventy-eight patients had abdominal pain and defecation desire.Seventy-four patients complained of hematochezia.Compared with control group,there was no statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol,blood platelet levels and prothrombin time (all P＞0.05).While the levels of C reactive protein and Ddimer were higher than those of control group (89.21 mg/L vs 61.29 mg/L,90.13 μg/L vs 59.39 μg/L; Z=-3.959,-4.377; both P＜0.05).The images of computed tomography (CT) indicated thickened bowel wall in lesion segment.The results of colonoscopy showed that in the left colon and rectum were the predilection sites,accounted for 93.88％ (138/147).The average hospital stay was (10.59 ± 5.97) days and t he recurrence rate was 3.37 ％ (3 / 89).The percentage of chronic cases was 2.25 ％ (2/89),and no death was reported.Conclusions The incidence of ischemic colitis significantly increased in recent years.Patients with abdominal pain and/or hematochezia should be considered,especially those over 60 years old.Receiving colonoscopy as earlier as possible was helpful for the diagnosis.

Objective To construct the core competence index system of nursing postgraduates in TCM colleges and universities.Methods The Delphi method was used to investigate 30 nursing experts and consult about core competence that nursing postgraduates of TCM colleges and universities should have.Results The effective recovery rates of questionnaire were respectively 85.7％ and 86.7％.The authority coefficients were 0.86 and 0.84,and the consistency coefficients were 0.278 and 0.253 with statistical significance.Index system for core competence with 4 first-grade indexes and 20 second-grade indexes was formed.The full score ratio of first-class indexes was 0.96-1.00,coefficients variation was 0.10-0.13; for the second-class,the full score rate was 0.62-1.00,coefficient variation was 0.08-0.19.Conclusions For formation items of core competence index system of nursing postgraduates in TCM colleges and universities,the opinions of experts are centralized,which can provide reference for training program of nursing postgraduates in TCM colleges and universities.

Objective To investigate urinary iodine and dietary iodine intake in adults, and to ana-lyze the relationship of urinary iodine and daily dietary iodine intakes with thyroid nodules.Methods To-tally 30 participants with nutritional background were enrolled prospectively from January to March 2015 in Shanghai.The 3-day survey of 24-hour's diet record was made using weighting method to evaluate the daily nutrient intakes.On the second and third days of dietary records, urine samples in fasting status and 2 hours after meals were collected from all the participants (n=240).The levels of urine iodine were meas-ured, and dietary iodine intake calculated.3-month food frequency questionnaire was completed and thy-roid ultrasonography performed.Results The median urinary iodine ( MUI) of fasting and 2 h postprandi-al urine samples was 137.56 μg/L ( 91.4-211.5 μg/L) .The portions of participants with iodine insuf-ficiency, iodine adequate, and iodine above requirements or excess were 20.2%, 56.7%, and 23.3%, respectively.Inter-individual MUI varied from 36.31 μg/L to 359.20 μg/L.No significant difference was found between the fasting urinary iodine and 2 h postprandial urinary iodine ( P=0.389 ) .The average di-etary iodine intake was (197.2 ±74.2) μg/d, and the proportions from iodine salt and drinking water were 70.2% and 5.4%, respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between dietary iodine intake and urinary iodine value of the same day (r=0.426, P=0.019).Participants with thyroid nod-ules had higher urinary iodine than participants without thyroid nodules [ ( 194.0 ±101.5 ) μg/L vs. (135.7 ±72.9) μg/L, P<0.001].Conclusions Inter-individual iodine nutritional status are signifi-cantly different under natural living status.Increased urinary iodine may be related with thyroid nodules. Repeat random urine iodine test combined dietary assessment may reduce the error in evaluating individual iodine nutritional status.

Objective To investigate the difference between anagenetic fibula with normal fibula in mechanical parameters, osteogenesis and tissue morphology,through establishing the model of fibula defect in rabbit.Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided.Model group were cuted the right fibula bone with 1.5 cm length.X-ray was used to observe the anagenetic fibula(half month,one month,two months).Stumped the anagenetic and normal fibula(1.5 cm)after two months. Three-point bending test was used to test the mechanical properties;alkaline phosphatase staining was checked the bone-formation ability;HE staining to check the tissue morphology.Results After half month a few new bone were formed at the edges of resec-tion area,one month later new bone were growed in the donor site,and after two month new fibula were completely formed.The three point bending test of fibula showed:there was no statistically significant difference between anagenetic fibula and normal fibu-la(P >0.05);alkaline phosphatase staining and HE staining showed the anagenetic fibula bone forming ability,histology had no sig-nificant difference compared with normal fibula.Conclusion Fibula were regenerated successfully after removing which retaining the periosteum.Compared with the normal fibula,there were no remarkable differences in mechanical parameters,osteogenesis and tissue morphology.

BACKGROUND:Prostacyclin (PGI2) and its analogs have been reported to prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and to reduce cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, clinical application of PGI2 is chalenging due to its short half-life (< 2 minutes). Thus, we have generated PGI2 expressing rat endothelial progenitor cel strains (PGI2-EPCs) that constitutively secrete prostacyclin.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effectof PGI2-EPCs against oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
METHODS:Cultured H9c2 celsin vitrowere assigned into four groups: H9c2 cels treated by H2O2for 4 hours. H9c2 cels were pretreated by conditioned medium (colected form EPCs and PGI2-EPCs or colected form EPCs and PGI2-EPCs mixed with native EPCs) before the addition of H2O2. PBS instead of conditioned mediums served as negative control. The paracrine effect of PGI2-EPCs onin vitro angiogenesis of native EPCs was evaluated. MTT and Hoechst 33342 assays were used to examine the protective effect of conditioned medium on H2O2-induced rat embryonic cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cel viability. Finaly, the effect of conditioned medium on the electric activities of adult cardiomyocyteswas measuredby whole-cel patch clamp techniques.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When native EPCs mixed with conditioned medium of PGI2-EPCs, the total length of tubes was significantly longer compared with those mixed with CM of EPC. Rat embryonic cardiomyocytes pretreated with conditioned medium of PGI2-EPCs significantly reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis and preserved cel viability compared with pretreatment with EPC-conditioned medium and without pretreatment (P< 0.01). Pretreatment of rat adult cardiomyocyteswith conditioned medium of PGI2-EPCs abolished H2O2-induced early afterdepolarization and shortened H2O2-induced action potential duration prolongation (P< 0.01) towards baseline.Our findings indicate thatPGI2-EPCs protect against oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury through paracrine action.ThisStudy providesthe groundwork for an innovative cel therapy approach to treat ischemic heart disease.

BACKGROUND:Ligustrazine has been shown to restore the function of the femoral headviathe revascularization, increased blood flow, theabsorption ofnecroticbone, and bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of ligustrazine on remodeling of periodontal tissues and the expression of osteoprotegerin in the maintenance phase in rats with orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS:Thirty-two healthy male Wistar rats were included and equaly randomized into four groups. Maxilary left first molar mesialization was performed through traction of 50 g force for 21 days to establish the rat model of tooth movement. 5, 10, 15 mg/L ligustrazine (50 μL) were localy injected into the first molar periosteum in model rats on the day before removing the orthodontic forcing device. Same volume of saline was injected in the control group. The injection was administered every other day. At 1 and 4 weeks after injection, the distance of tooth movement, the recurrence distances and percentage were determined and calculated. The pathological changes in periodontal tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The width ofthe parodontium and number of osteoblasts were observed under an optical microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The recurrence distance inthecontrol group was increased compared withtheexperimental group, while the number of osteoblasts and osteoprotegerin immunoreactivity were decreased. Good width of the parodontium and smal recurrence trend were found in 10mg/L ligustrazine group. These findings indicate that ligustrazine promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts and enhances the expression of osteoprotegerin, which is beneficial to the retention of teeth after orthodontic surgery.

The effect of Selenium(Se) on regression of atherosclerosis(AS) induced by feeding quails -with high cholesterol diet was observed. The result indicated that serum cholesterol, triglyceride and lipid peroxide significantly decreased and the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol increased markedly in Se treated group, that the cholesterol content of aortic tissue and AS index were significantly reduced at the end of the 15th week. It was suggested that Se had a powerful accelerated effect on regression of experimental AS.