Based on the related theories of physician behavior analysis, summarize and discuss the incentives mechanism of supplier payment on physician behavior and its inner mechanism, provide theoretical supports and political suggestions for further analysis on payment reform.

Electrophysiological studies have shown that the spinosolitary tract-dorsal column postsynaptic (SST-DCPS) neurons may project to both the dorsal column and solitary tract nuclei. In order to demonstrate the neurons morphologically, fluorescein dyes, PI and Bb, were injected into the dorsal column nuclei and the solitary tract nucleus respectively. A total 282 cells were found to be retrogradely labeled in the spinal dorsal horn in 10 adult rats. Of them, 51 (18%) cells were PI-Bb doubly labeled; 120 (43%) were PI labled alone; and 111 (39%) were Bb singly labled. Most of these double-labled cells were concentrated in laminae III-V. The existence of double projection neurons that project to both the dorsal column and solitary tract nuclei, namely the physiologically identified SST-DCPS neurons, is morphologically confirmed in the present study. These neurons may transmit information to both visceral and somatic sensory nuclei, indicating they may play an important role in the convergence of somato-visceral afferents.

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum METHODS:To observe the oedema severity and vaso-permeability in inflamed animal and the response of animal to pain induced by acetate acid after the ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum had been intragastrically given for 3 days RESULTS:The oedema severity and vaso-permeability were obviously decreased by the ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum and this effect could last 4 hours At the large dose,analgesic effect was observed CONCLUSION:The ethanol extract of Polygonum multiflorum exhibits intensive anti-inflammation effect and the mechanism may be related to its immuno-depression effect

BACKGROUND:Nano bone putty and bone cement injection are two common methods to strengthen the fixation of pedicle screws, but there are relatively few reports on the comparison of their strengthening effects. OBJECTIVE:To compare the biomechanical characteristics of bone cement and nano bone putty strengthening pedicle screw implantation in the fixation of osteoporotic vertebral body. METHODS: Totaly 24 human cadaveric pedicles were obtained, which were al in line with osteoporosis standards, and randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (only implanted pedicle screws), bone cement group (first injected bone cement in the nail channel, and then implanted pedicle screws) and nano bone putty group (first injected nano bone putty in the nail channel, and then implanted pedicle screws). After 2 hours of implantation, the maximum axial pulout strength and the maximum rotation torque of specimens in each group were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximum axial pulout strength and maximum rotation torque of the bone cement and the nano bone putty groups were greater than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the maximum axial pulout strength and the maximum rotation torque of the bone cement group were greater than those of the nano bone putty group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the maximum axial pulout strength and the maximum rotation torque of pedicle screw implantation in the fixation of osteoporotic vertebral body can be effectively improved by injection of bone cement and nano bone putty, and the strengthening effect of bone cement is more obvious. 

Objective:To explore the effect of infection on autophagy-related proteins,Beclin-1 and LC3,expression in cerebral white matter in newborn rats.Methods: A total of 64 two-day-old Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups(n=32 each).At day 2 to 6 after birth,the rats in experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.6 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) once a day to establish a white matter injury induced by infection in neonatal rats while the rats in control group were injected with equal amounts of normal saline.Rats were sacrificed to collect brain tissues at 12 hour,1,3,5 d after model establishment.HE staining was performed to observe the pathological changes.Changes in the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 in rat white matter were examined by Western blot and RT-PCR.Results: Growth and development of rat in experimental group was slow,cerebral white matter lesions were obvious.Compared with the control group,the experimental group Beclin1 and LC3 protein and mRNA levels in the model after 12 h began to express,1 d reached the peak,and then decreased,each time points were higher than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Early infection in neonatal rats can cause white matter damage;the expression of autophagy-related proteins,Beclin1 and LC3,showed that autophagy may be involved in the pathological process of white matter damage induced by infection.

16 standered acrylic resin blocks with silicone resilient denture liner(10 mm ×8 mm ×3 mm)incorporated with nano-silver par-ticles at 5% (m/m,by dry wet)in-between were prepared.8 blocks were immersed in distilled water for 24 h at 37 ℃ as the controls (group 1).Another 8 were thermocycled for 4 000 cycles(group 2).16 acrylic resin bars were thermal cycled for 4 000 cycles.Then they were processed exactly as the control group (group 3).Tensile bond strength of the specimens was measured by a universal testing machine. The bond strength values(MPa)of group 1,2 and 3 were 2.683 ±0.435,2.179 ±0.633 and 1.460 ±0.566 respectively(group 1 vs 2,P>0.05;group 3 vs 1 or 2,P<0.05).The failure mode of the blocks in group 1 and 2 was mainly cohesive failure,in group 3 adhesion fail-ure.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of limited open reduction, poking reduction and QWIX cannulated screw internal fixation in treatment of posterior malleolar fracture. Methods A total of 14 patients with posterior malleolar fracture were treated by limited open reduction, poking reduction and QWIX cannulated screw internal fixation. Injury causes included traffic accidents in five patients, fall from height injury in four and inversion sprain in five. According to fracture type classification methods of Weber and Danis, there were two patients with type A3, seven with type B3 and five with type C3. Func-tional exercise was carried out based on postoperative exercise plan. Regular follow-up was performed to e-valuate the functional recovery of the ankle joint. Results All patients were followed up for 6-18 months (average 9.5 months). One patient with sural nerve injury returned to normal after six months. Twelve pa-tients showed excellent range of motion of the ankle joint and normal gait three months after operation. In 12 patients, dorsiflexion of the ankle joint was > 20° and plantar flexion > 40° six months after operation, which was approximately similar to contralateral normal ankle joint. The ankle joint function of all patients returned to normal six months after operation. According to Baird-Jackson ankle joint function evaluation, the result was excellent in 12 patients, good in one and fair in one, with excellence rate of 93%. Con-clusion The limited open reduction, poking reduction and internal fixation of QWIX caunulated screw are effective method for treatment of posterior malleolar fractures.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Zhitong Huazheng Dispersed Tablets.Methods Rhizoma corydalis,Radix astragali,Fructus toosendan in Zhitong Huazheng Dispersed Tablets were identified by TLC.The content of Danshensu was determined by HPLC.Results The spots on the TLC could be well separated and the method had strong specificity.The method for determinating the content of Dispersed tablets by HPLC was suitable for the quality standard with sufficient accuracy,stability and reappearance.The average recovery of Danshensu was 99.61%,RSD=1.60%(n =9).Conclusion The qualitative and quantitative analytic methods are stable and reliable.It can be used for quality control of Zhitong Huazheng Dispersed Tablets.

To understand the antagomism of Clostridium butyricm and Bifidobacterium infants to v. cholera. Either Clostridium butyricum LCL166 or Bifidobacterium infants LCL172 or both of them co-cultured with V. cholera of, 0139, counting the number of V. cholera in constant intervals and performing statistics analysis. The inhibition results are probably same when combination of LCL166 and LCL172 were compared with LCL166 alone. The antagonism to V. cholera results mainly from Clostridium butyricum LCL166 which has the inhibition effect to V.cholera.