The increasing need for ideal body shape makes more and more patients choose to receive different types of breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy. Right now, it is a key problem for the multidisciplinary treatment to find an optimal sequence of comprehensive treatment from which those patients can receive the maximum benefits and a good balance between ideal body shape and satisfactory antitumor outcomes. This paper reviews the latest research advances in the effect of postoperative radiotherapy on breast shape after breast reconstruction, the sequential relationship between the replacement of the temporary tissue expander with the permanent breast prosthesis and postoperative radiotherapy, breast construction surgery, and radiotherapy techniques. To provide a basis for clinical practice, this paper proposes a flow chart for decision?making in reconstruction surgery and adjuvant treatment based on the current literature and clinical data.

objective: To develop an accurate, reliable and efficient carotid artery compression training device .Methods:Adopting present technology for production of skin dilators in combination with anatomical characters of human carotid artery, an implantable carotid artery training occluder (ICATO) was designed and manufactured. The mechanical properties were tested and the carotid artery occlude effect was investigated in 12 dogs. Results: The expansion stress of the water cyst and duct of the occluder was 40 kPa, that of the water imput valve 30 kPa,tear stress of the nylon cloth was 5 kg. The carotid artery could be completely blocked at the pressure of 19 kPa produced by the occluder. Conclusion: ICATO can obstruct carotid artery for the purpose of compression training of carotid artery.

Objective:To establish the determination method for total flavonoids in Cyperus rotundus and investigate the total fla-vonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats. Methods:Total flavonoids in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with rutin as the standard substance. Results:The absorbance of rutin had a good linear cor-relation with the concentration within the range of 0.064 3-0.642 6 mg·ml-1(r =0.999 1). The average recovery was 99.74%(RSD=2. 16%,n=6). The order of total flavonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats was Henan province >Sichuan province> Guangdong province >Anhui province > Halnan province >Shandong province. Conclusion:The method is easy and ac-curate, which can be applied in the quality control of Cyperus rotundus. The total flavonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from Henan province is the highest.

Background and purpose:Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors.Radical operation remains the primary treatment for the disease.Postoperative recurrence and metastases are the main cause for the patient' death.Reoperation for recurrent colorectal cancer is one of the methods to improve survival rate and quality of life for those patients.This study aimed to explore the cause,diagnosis and surgical treatment of recurrent colorectal cancer after operation.Methods:Thirty-five cases of postoperatively recurrent colorectal carcinoma who were treated from 2003 to 2006 at the Department of Surgical Oncology,2th Hospital of Jiaxing were retrospectively analyzed.Results:35 cases of colorectal cancers were re-operated and the overall rate of resection was 63 %,12 of them received radical resection with 4 recurrent rectal cancers and 8 recurrent colon cancers while others were palliatively treated.We followed up these patients from 6 to 36 months and there were 9 cases in 12 cases of radical respected group who were disease free,1 of them had lung metastases,1 liver metastases.While 23 cases in the palliative group,5 were dead,4 had liver metastases and 12 cases were alive.Of the 35 cases,26 cases(70%)tumor recurred within 3 years after first operations while others were recurrent at 1 year.Conclusions:For the patients with recurrent colorectal cancer,surgery remains one of the choices for the treatment.Multimodality treatment should be recommended for the patients at diagnosis.Completed resection of intestine with primary lesion,standard lymphadenectomy and eradicating peritoneal exfoliated cancer cells are the major steps to prevent recurrence of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the reference for the Chinese government to establish medication policy in paediatrics.METHODS:The paediatric medication strategy set up by British Drug and Health Product Administration Bureau was introduced,and the current situation and problems in paediatric medication were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:China should learn from British experience,and establish our own medication strategy in paediatrics as soon as possible.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of cochlear reimplantation. To review our experience of cochlear reimplant surgery. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of all 25 cochlear reimplant surgeries between 2002 and 2012. Causes of revision operations, number of electrode channels inserted, surgical findings and postoperative speech performances were analyzed. RESULT: Causes of reimplantation were eight hard failures; eight poor implanted electrodes position, four poor outcome, three skin flap infection lead to implant device exposure, one postoperative symptoms of facial nerve stimulation, one postoperative temporal bone lesions. All cochlear reimplantations were successfully performed in our hospital, audiologic performances were stable or improved following reimplantation in most of cases. CONCLUSION Cochlear implant surgeons should have a good knowledge of how to diagnose cochlear implant failures and how to deal with medical complications related to cochlear implantation. Medical and audiologic outcomes are generally excellent. Cochlear reimplantation appears to be a safe and effective.
Cochlea ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electrodes ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Speech ; Speech Perception ; Surgical Flaps ; Temporal Bone

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cochlear implantation surgical techniques and postoperative results in patients with cochlear ossification. METHOD: Twenty-nine cochlear ossification patients with cochlear implantation in our department were retrospectively studied during 1997-2011. Preoperative imaging and electrophysiological assessment were done to classify the cochlear ossification of all the patients. Categories of auditory performance and speech intelligibility rating were detected to assess the outcome of cochlear implant postoperatively. RESULT: Among 29 cases with cochlear ossification, 19 cases were grade II, 4 cases were grade I, 4 cases were grade III, and 2 cases were apical turn ossification. Among 23 patients with cochlear ossification grade I and II, 17 cases were totally cochlear array insertion, and 6 cases were partial cochlear array insertion. Patients with cochlear ossification grade III were all partial cochlear array insertion. Most patients achieved good hearing and language ability after cochlear implantation. CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation can be successfully performed on the basis of systematic preoperative assessment and some patients can achieve good postoperative results in patients with cochlear ossification. Intraoperative electrical stimulation of the auditory evoked response provides a good method to assess the residual spiral nerve function.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlea ; pathology ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Anti-Infective Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dental Plaque ; therapy ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; drug therapy

Disseminated malignancy is the main cause of cancer-related death. The spontaneous circulation of tumor cells is responsible for distant metastasis; therefore it is of potential importance to specifically and sensitively detect the circulating tumor cells, which not only allows for more accurate prediction of cancer prognosis, but also helps to tailor individualized anticancer treatment. This paper reviews the enrichment, detection and analyzing methods of circulating tumor cells.

Objective To discuss the effects and the main operative techniques of laparoscopic highly selective vagotomy(LHSV) in the treatment of perforating duodenal ulcer. Methods In twenty patients with perforating duodenal ulcers, laparoscopic repair of the perforation and laparoscopic freeing of the vagus nerves and highly selective vagotomy(LHSV) were performed, using ultrasonic dissector. Results In all twenty cases the operation was successful. No patient was converted into open HSV. Ulcer symptoms of 15 patients disappeared after operation, and follow up gastroscopy after 6 months showed that the ulcers had healed. The postoperative ulcer symptoms of 5 patients were markedly relieved and were easily controlled by medication. Conclusions The treatment of perforative duodenal ulcer by LHSV has the advantages of minor trauma, rapid postoperative recovery and good results. LHSV is a good procedure for the treatment of perforative duodenal ulcer .