AIM: To analyze the postoperative infection of pathological myopia with pocket scleral reinforcement. ·METHODS:The clinical data of 167 cases of pathological myopia treated with pocket scleral reinforcement in June to December 2014 were analyzed. The postoperative infection rate, the resistance of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed, and the related factors of infection were analyzed. ·RESULTS: A total of 286 eyes were obtained in 167 patients. The infection rate was 6. 3% in 10 patients ( 18 eyes) . There were 30 pathogenic bacteria isolated from the 18 infected eyes, in which were 10 Staphylococcus aureus, 10 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 6 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Gram positive bacteria showed higher resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, and were sensitive to vancomycin. The resistance rates of gram negative bacteria to cefotaxime were higher, but to imipenem was low. The two groups of patients age, culture level, operation time, the number of operation, intraoperative nursing staff seniority, postoperative medication compliance rate was statistically significant (P<0. 05), which related to the infection after pocket scleral reinforcement. ·CONCLUSION:The infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus is the most common after pocket scleral reinforcement, and it is sensitive to vancomycin, and gram negative bacteria is sensitive to imipenem. Shortening the operation time, using the experienced nursing staff to cooperate, reducing the number of operation and improving the compliance of the patients can reduce the postoperative infection.

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of Tanreqing injection on acute respiratory tract infections(ARTI) in children.METHODS Totally 218 children cases with ARTI were randomly divided into Tanreqing group and control group.The fever,cough,sputum volume,and the extent of expectoration of the two groups were observed.RESULTS The incidence of clinical effect in treating group was 88.0% which was more than that of control group 71.5%(P

OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors,and the inci-dence rate is the highest in all kinds of tumors in China. However,it remains unclear that how signifi-cantly gastric cells are dependent on glycolysis,and which type of gastric cells are sensitive to glycolysis inhibition. In this study, several kind of gastric cancer cell lines were used as the research object, and the metabolic characteristics of different cell lines were systematically analyzed to provide theoretical support for the accurate treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS We examined the energy metabolism of four gastric cancer cell lines(MGC-803,SGC-7901,HGC-27 and BGC-823)by using glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG)and inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation,oligomycin.Oxygen consumption rates(OCR)and L-lactate were also measured with an XF96 Analyzer(Seahorse Biosciences)to deter-mine the significance of metabolism of oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysisin gastric cells. In addition, western blot was used to detect the contribution of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and anti-apoptotic proteins(Bcl-2 and survivin)to clarify the mechanism of death or survival of gastric cancer cells treated by 2-DG or oligomycin. RESULTS In this study, it was shown that the growth of gastric cell lines were suppressed by 2-DG.However,the sensitivity to 2-DG was quite different among cell lines:IC 50 of 2-DG was from 3.28 mmol·L-1(MGC-803)to 15.57 mmol·L-1(BGC-823).MGC-803 was relatively sensitive to 2-DG (IC 50:3.28 mmol·L-1), consumed more glucose and produced more lactate (waste product of glycolysis) than the three other cell lines. Consequently, MGC-803 could be more dependent on glycolysis than other cell lines, which was further confirmed by the fact that glucose (+)FCS(-)medium showed more growth and survival than glucose(-)FCS(+)medium.Alternatively, BGC-823, most resistant to 2-DG (IC50: 15.57 mmol·L- 1), was most sensitive to oligomycin, and showed more growth and survival in glucose(-)FCS(+)medium than in glucose(+)FCS(-)medium. Thus,we had reasons to think BGC-823 cells depended on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. In BGC-823,AMPK,which is activated when ATP becomes limiting,was rapidly phosphorylated by 2-DG, and expression of Bcl-2 was augmented,which might result in resistance to 2-DG.Interestingly,AMPK phosphorylation and augmentation of Bcl-2 expression by 2-DG were not observed in MGC-803,which is 2-DG sensitive. CONCLUSION There is a large metabolic difference between gastric cancer cell lines,which will facilitate the future gastric cancer therapy by targeting metabolic pathways.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypert riglyceridemia on vascular endothelial function. Methods With high-resolution ultrasound, flow and nitroglycerin-induced dilatation of the brachial artery were determined in thirty hypertriglyceridemic patients and thirty healthy subjects as controls. Serum lipid and plasma endothelin (ET) were determined. Results In patients with hypertriglyceridemia,flow-induced vasodilatation was much reduced compared with that in the control subjects[(2.7±2.0)% vs (15.0±8.0)%, P<0.001］.However, vasodilatation in response to nitroglycerin were similar in both groups［(15.0±5.0)% vs (16.8±9.0)%, P>0.05].Plasma ET level in the hypertriglyceridemic group was significantly higher than that in the control group［(106.22±19.16) μg/L vs (72.37±14.06) μg/L, P<0.001].ConclusionEndothelium-dependent vasodilatation was impaired in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective To observe the protective effects of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation alone with bone marrow stem cells mobilization on liver cells in rats with severe acute paucreatitis in order to explore their mechanism. Method After the establishment of severe acute pancreatitis in rats made by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine, 240 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n = 48), model control group (n = 48), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplanted (MSC) group (n = 48), granu-lacyte-colony stimulating factor treated (G-CSF) group (n = 48) and MSC + G-CSF (n = 48). The rats of MSC group were prepared by injection of 1.2 mL MSC into femoral vein 6 hours after SAP. The rats of G-CSF group were prepared by subcutaneous injection of G-CSF 40 μg/kg for 3 days before SAP. The rats of MSC + G-CSF group received MSC and G-CSF together. The rats of sham-operated group were injected with equal volume of nor-real saline. The rats in each group were sabdivided into 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h sub-groups (n = 12) according to the examinations in different intervals after operation. Of different subgroups, the morality rate, pathological changes, expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 proteins and apoptosis indexes of livers were observed respectively. The contents of serum TNF-α,IL-6,ALT,AST,LDH and CRP were simultaneously determined to compare the difference among subgroups by variance analysis. Results Compared to the respective model group, the mortality rates of all treated 72 h subgroups showed no difference (P > 0.05), and no rats died before 48 h. The pathological injuries of liver cells were rather attenuated in rats of treated group than in rats of control group. The liver cell apoptosis in-dexes of 48 h and 72 h MSC + G-CSF subgroups were 107.1 ± 7.0, 110.3 ± 8.6, respectively; the expression of Bax in livers of 24 h,48 h and 72 h subgroups was 5.60±0.Z5, 5.69±0.22, 5.73±0.27, respectively;Bcl-2 protein of 48 h,72 h subgroups was 4.61±0.28, 4.43±0.28, respectively; compared with MSC and G-CSF subgroups the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The serum TNF-α, IL-6, ALT, AST, LDH and CRP de-creased obviously in 24 h/48 h treated subgroups in comparison with control group (P < 0.05). The MSC + G-CSF group showed more significant effects on those biomarkers than MSC or G-CSF alone after 48 hours (P < 0.05). Conclusions Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation alonewith bone marrow stem cells mobilization can significantly protect livers from severe damage during the course of severe acute panere-atitis, and the probable mechanisms are likely associated with the pathological regeneration, anti-inflammatory ef-fect and apoptosis inhibition of MSC.

Objectives To investigate the effects of seasonal changes on peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD),and to provide evidence for clinical prevention and treatment of PDAP.Methods All episodes of PD-related peritonitis during clinic follow-up in maintenance PD patients from Jan 1st,2007 to Dec 31st,2015 in Peking University People's Hospital were reviewed.The incidence of peritonitis,laboratory indexes,pathogens and clinical outcomes in different seasons were recorded and analyzed.One-way ANOVA and chi square test were employed to compare the incidence of PDAP and related data in different seasons,and Pearson correlation was used to analyze correlations between PDAP rate and monthly mean temperature and mean humidity.Results During nine years,a total of 119 PD patients occurred 190 times of peritonitis during home PD.The PDAP rate in summer was the highest,0.21 episodes/year,followed by spring (0.16 episodes/year) and autumn (0.16 episodes/risk year),but there was no significant difference among peritonitis rates in four seasons.There were significant positive correlation between monthly mean temperature,monthly mean humidity and the peritonitis rate (mean temperature:r=0.828,P ＜ 0.01;mean humidity r=0.657,P ＜ 0.05).(2) As for bacteria,in Summer the PDAP rate caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS),and Gram-negative bacteria was higher than that in other seasons,but there was no statistical difference.There were significant positive correlation between monthly mean temperature,mean humidity and the rate of CoNS peritonitis (mean temperature:r=0.704,P ＜ 0.05;mean humidity:r=0.607,P ＜ 0.05).(3) There were no statistical difference among results of PD related peritonitis in different seasons about general situation,clinical manifestation,causes of peritonitis and laboratory index before peritonitis episodes.PD procedure-related problems were the main cause of peritonitis in summer and autumn.(4) The cure rate of all peritonitis was 90％.The highest cure rate was in autumn and winter,while the lowest cure rate was in summer,but no statistical difference.Among the peritonitis episodes with treatment failure,52.6％ occurred in summer.Conclusions There is some correlation between the rate of PDAP and seasons.Higher temperature and higher humidity were significantly correlated with higher peritonitis rate,especially the rate of CoNS peritonitis.The prognosis of PDAP in summer was relatively poor,with higher proportion of hospitalization and lower cure rate.

Objective To evaluate the ability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)in differentiating pancreatic carcinoma from chronic lump type pancreatitis. Methods Totally 38 cases of pancreatic cancer, 9 cases of chronic lump type pancreatitis, 15 cases of normal patients underwent DWI. DWI with b value＝0, 500, 1 000 s/mm2 was performed twice. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured by analysis of imagines of ADC. Results The mean ADC value of 38 subjects with pancreatic carcinoma was (1.411± 0.101)×10-3 mm2/sec, the mean ADC value of 9 subjects with lump type pancreatitis was (1.053±0.113) ×10-3 mm2/sec, and the mean ADC value of normal pancreas subjects was (1.245±0.112)×10-3 mm2/s. The difference between the three groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions DWI may have the clinical potential to differentiate chronic lump type pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the synthetic pathway and fermentation process of yeast cell factories for production of oleanoic acid.

METHODUsing the DNA assembler method, one copy of Glycyrrhiza glabra beta-amyrin synthase (GgbAS), Medicago truncatula oleanolic acid synthase (MtOAS) and Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase 1 (AtCPR1) genes were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY-OA, resulting in strain BY-20A. YPD medium with different glucose concentration were then used to cultivate strain BY-2OA.

RESULTIncreasing gene copies of GgbAS, MtOAS and AtCPR1 resulted in increased beta-amyrin and oleanolic acid production. The strain BY-2OA produced 136.5 mg x L(-1) beta-amyrin and 92.5 mg x L(-1) oleanolic acid, which were 54% and 30% higher than the parent strain BY-OA. Finally, the titer of oleanolic acid increased to 165.7 mg x L(-1) when cultivated in YPD medium with 40 mg x L(-1) glucose.

CONCLUSIONProduction of oleanoic acid increased significantly in the yeast strain BY-2OA, which can provide the basis for creating an alternative way for production of oleanoic acid in place of extraction from plant sources.

Biomass ; Biotechnology ; methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Oleanolic Acid ; biosynthesis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective:To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with interferon-α (IFN-α) on the expression of STAT1 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma cells,and to elucidate its mechanism of IFN-α synergistic effect.Methords:The effect of IFN-α injection alone or combined with Shenqi Fuzheng injection on the proliferation of MHCC97-L cells was detected by MTT assay.IFN-α was detected by Real-time PCR and Western-blot respectively.The expression of STAT1 mRNA and protein in the experimental group,the negative control group (NaCl) and the blank control group were determined,and the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection on the transcription and expression of STAT1 was determined.The expression of STAT1 in lentiviral vector MTT assay was used to detect the effect of IFN-α alone or in combination with Shenqi Fuzheng injection on the STAT1 gene silencing cells.The expression of STAT1 was detected by RT-PCR and Western-Blot in MHCC97L cells.Strain,on cell proliferation.Results:Compared with IFN-α alone,Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with IFN-α enhanced the inhibitory effect of IFN-α on MHCC97-L (P＜0.01) and up-regulated the expression of STAT1mRNA and protein (P＜0.05).Successfully constructed the STAT1 gene silent in the MHCC97-L cell line.There was no significant difference in the inhibition rate of MHCC97-L between Shenqi Fuzheng injection and IFN-α (P＞0.05).Conclusion Shenqi Fuzheng Injection can up-regulate the expression of STAT1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97-L,so as to increase the effect of IFN-α.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the soft and hard tissue changes in Class II division 1 patients treated with Tip-Edge plus technique.

METHODSSixteen Class II division 1 patients (7 boys and 9 girls) with mandibular retrusion in permanent dentition were selected and treated with Tip-Edge plus appliance. Lateral cephalometric films were analyzed before and after treatment. The effects were evaluated with Holdaway soft tissues analysis and routine cephalometric analysis methods. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated for each variable. Paired t-test was performed.

RESULTSThe average treatment time was 16 months. Normal overjet and overbite were established with retroclination of upper incisors and proclination of lower incisors. U1-NA(°) and U1-NA (mm) decreaed by (15.40 ± 5.31)° and (4.16 ± 1.82) mm (P < 0.01). NLA showed an average increase of (-16.60 ± 5.29)° (P < 0.01). Remarkable soft tissue change was noted after the treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe profile in Class II division 1 patients could be quickly and efficiently improved after treatment with Tip-Edge plus technique.

Adolescent ; Cephalometry ; Child ; Esthetics, Dental ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiography, Panoramic