Objective To investigate the activity and mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase(DNMT) in gliomas and the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on them. Methods A total of 30 cases of glioma were divided in four groups: operation group, treatment groups A(operation+chemotherapy), B(operation+radiotherapy) and C(operation+radiotherapy +chemotherapy). Group A was treated with VM 26 and Semustine MeCCNU, B with continuous external radiation with X ray accelerated by 10MV accelerator. Fresh tissues removed surgically were used for the detection of the DNMT activity of tumors by 3H labeled tracing microassay and DNMT mRNA expression by RT PCR. Results The 2 year survival rate of the patients treated by chemotherapy or /and radiotherapy increased significantly, but the activity and the mRNA expression of DNMT decreased significantly. Conclusion DNMT is involved in the genesis and development of gliomas. The curative effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be related with DNMT activity and expression. Detection of DNMT activity and DNMT mRNA may play an important role in the prognosis of gliomas and choice of treatment regimens.

Objective The objective of this paper is to statistically analyze what influence can the utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have on healthcare expenses of inpatients, and to investigate whether TCM has an advantage of reducing healthcare expenses among certain diseases.Method: Inpatient medical records from 13 public general hospitals in Ningxia Hui autonomous region were collected to set up a database.A multiple linear regression models was established and used to analyze the impact of using TCM on hospitalization expenses.Results: The findings have shown that inpatients who apply TCM have significantly higher hospitalization expenses, with an estimated average of ?8 276.24, while those who do not apply TCM in their treatment spend ?7 254.59 on average (P=0.000).When the proportion of TCM expense higher than 10% of total drug expense, inpatients who apply the TCM have lower hospitalization expenses.In addition, hospitalization expenses decrease with the increase of TCM proportion.Among the diseases of the ear and mastoid disease, diseases of the circulatory system, and certain conditions originating in the perinatal period, inpatients who apply TCM have significant lower hospitalization expense (P=0.000).Hospitalization expense of inpatients who do not apply TCM is twice as much as that of those who apply TCM in the treatment of among diseases of the circulatory system, which has the largest TCM proportion.Conclusion: Only when applying TCM as main therapy can provide price advantage of TCM in the circulatory system caused by chronic diseases, and other advantages of treatment.

Fine particles,less than 2.5 micrometer in diameter (PM2.5),are the main components of inhalable particles.Because of their relatively small size and large surface area,PM2.5 can absorb and retain chemicals,bacteria,viruses and other toxic substances,penetrate deeply into the respiratory tract and easily reach the alveolar ducts,exerting adverse effects on the lungs.PM2.5 can also be absorbed into the bloodstream through alveolar capillaries,causing serious damage to human health.The biological effects produced by PM2.5 are frequently attributed to the oxidative stress induced by intracellular reactive oxygen species alterations and abnormal release of inflammatory mediators closely involved in the development of lung diseases.This review discusses the research advances in relationships between PM2.5 exposure and inflammatory responses and oxidative stress based on experimental researches,in vivo and in vitro studies.Recent epidemiologic investigations have shown associations between increased incidence of respiratory diseases and lung cancer from exposure to low levels of various forms of respirable fibers and particulate matter.In vivo experiments have disclosed the association between PM2.5 exposure and the exacerbation of asthma,bronchitis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and other lung damages.Cell damage mechanisms mainly include alterations of cell signaling pathways,DNA damage,immune injury,autophagy and apoptosis.

Objective To study the feasibility of cerebral state index(CSI)modulating the depth of general anesthesia in the elderly with laryngeal mask anesthesia.Methods Tmenty-four ASA physical status of Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients undergoing selective lower abdominal surgery were divided two groups with 12 cases.The anesthesia was induced by sufentanil、 propofuland maintained with TCI propofol.The depth of anesthesia was modulated by CSI index in group I or by hemodynamics in group Ⅱ.HR、SBP、DBP、MAP and CSI were recorded.The time of awakening form anesthesia(the time when OAA/S reached 4 score after the drawal of propofol)and the dosage of propofol and fentanyl were recored.Results The time of awakening from anesthesia was 16?5min in group Ⅱ,which was significantly longer than that in group I(P

Objective That decline of estradiol in serum of postmenopausal women can result in dry eye has been accepted at present. However, the change of estradiol in tear of postmenopausal women has been not reported ever. This study was to discuss the relationship between dry eye syndrome and estradiol in tears and serum of postmenopausal women. Methods Total 62 eyes of 62 women were collected in this trial. The aim of this trial was informed orally and the informed consent was obtained from all the subjects. The 32 right eyes were from menopausal women for more one year and 30 right eyes were from premenopause women. The dry eye was diagnosed based on the abnormalities of tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescence and subjective symptom of patients. The periphery blood specimen was collected from all the subjects, and tear specimen was obtained and quantified using filter paper. Estradiol contents in tears and serum were determined by chemiluminescence method. The bulbar conjunctiva was obtained by impression cytology, and the microstructure of conjunctiva was observed under the scanning electron microscopy. Results In comparison to the premenopause group, the content of estradiol in tears and serum in menopause group was significantly reduced(73. 50 ±24.47 vs 17. 43 ± 10. 92) (U = -6. 396, P =0. 001). In the premenopause group, the estradiol content between tear and serum showed the positive correlation (r = 0. 838, P = 0. 001) . However, no statistical correlation was found in estradiol content between tears and serum in menopause group(r =0. 127, P = 0. 487). The maicrostructure changes were seen in the dry eyes of postmenopausal women, and decrease of goblet cell and loosen of intercellular junction were found under the electron microscope. Conclusion The content of estradiol in tears in menopause group is significantly lower than that in the premenopause group. Estradiol content in tears and serum of the postmenopausal women showes insignificant correlation. This result indicates that the topical substitute therapy with estradiol is possible in dry eye.

Objective To explore the imaging findings of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs). Methods A total of 45 BD-IPMNs were confirmed by pathology after surgery.The clinical data and imaging findings were retrospec-tively reviewed.Image analysis included characteristics and the nature of the lesions.Finally,an ROC curve was performed to evaluate the differential diagnostic efficacy between benign and malignant lesions using the imaging findings.Results There were statistically significant differences for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign BD-IPMNs in the maximum diameter of the lesions and the MPD,walls,wall nodules,shape,and the atrophy of pancreatic parenchyma (P < 0.05 ).The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity, AUC and Kappa value of benign and malignant BD-IPMNs were 94.3%,90%,92.1% and 0.81 (P =0.000 1)respectively.Conclu-sion The imaging technology is valuable in diagnosing and differentiating malignant from benign BD-IPMNs.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of CsA on the expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor ILT4 and cytotoxicity of NK cells.Methods NK cells treated with CsA ( 10 mg/L) or DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h were chosen as three experimental groups and control groups respectively.RTqPCR and flow cytometry were performed to detect the alteration of ILT4 at the mRNA and protein level respectively.The expression of HLA-G in human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and human placental choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 were measured at the same time,and then the cytolytic activity of the untreated NK cells and NK cells treated with CsA for 36 h against BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells was determined with MTT.One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the different ILT4 expression at different time points after medication; Dunnett test was performed to carry out the pairwise comparison between each mean.The difference of HLA-G expression between JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells,and the difference of NK cell cytolytic activity against JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells were analyzed by student's t-test.Results RT-qPCR assay indicated that the relative levels of ILT4 mRNA in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h in turn were 0.99 ± 0.27,1.79 ± 0.29,6.79 ± 0.64,and those of their contrast groups treated with DMSO were 0.86 ±0.11,0.94 ±0.12,1.06 ±0.17.The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated with CsA for 24 h or 36 h was higher than that in NK cells of their contrast groups respectively ( t value of 4.69,14.99,P ＜0.05,respectively),but there was no significant difference between the two groups of NK cells treated for 12 h ( t =0.78,P ＞0.05 ).Through flow cytometry,the positive rates of ILT4 protein expression in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h [(5.16 ± 0.42 ) ％,( 6.23 ± 0.48 ) ％,( 23.8 ± 1.5 ) ％]were higher than those in NK cells after treatment with DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h respectively[(3.08 ±0.19)％,(3.35 ±0.12)％,(3.36 ±0.21 )％ ;t value of 7.70,10.06,20.72,P＜0.01,respectively].The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated for 36 h was much higher than that in NK cells for 12 and 24 h at the mRNA and protein level (t value of 16.38,14.12 ;21.81,20.56,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Meanwhile the killing rates of NK cells treated with 10∶1 effector-target ratio CsA on BGC-823 cells (low HLA-G expression) were ( 8 1.96 ± 2.80 ) ％ ( before treatment) and ( 60.23 ± 1.57 ) ％ ( after treatment),which were higher than those on JEG-3 cells (HLA-G-overexpression) [(53.46 ±2.21 )％ ( before treatment),(28.30 ± 1.85 ) ％ ( after treatment)].The changes of cytotoxicity of NK cells treated with CsA against target cells showed that CsA inhibited the killing activity of NK cells to BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells (t value of 11.74,15.16,P＜0.01,respectively),and the inhibitory rates were (26.48 ±2.42)％ and (47.10 ±1.59 ) ％ respectively.CsA had a higher killing rate inhibition on JEG-3 than on BGC-823 ( t =12.31,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion CsA induces upregulation of ILT4 in NK cells,and the cytotoxicity of NK cells to tumor cells can be affected by interaction of ILT4 and HLA-G.

ObjectiveTo understand the detections of influenza A (H1N1) in 2009,and haemagglutinin (HA) gene mutations and the comparisons with standard strains.MethodsThe nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance Hospital and the outbreak epidemic area were collected.The virus typing and A (H1N1) viruses were tested by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Then the pathogens were isolated with MDCK cells,the virus titer was determined with hemagglutination test and the virus typing was identified with hemagglutination inhibition test (HA1).The RT-PCR products of HA1 gene of virulent strains were sequenced and then analyzed through bioinformatics.Results A total of 996 pharyngeal swab specimens were tested,and nucleic acid positive cases included 337 A (H1N1) subtype,1 seasonal A (H1N1) subtype,67 A (H3N2) subtype,and 12 B type.The positive rate of nucleic acid detection of influenza was 41.87％ and that of A (H1N1) was 33.84％.Thirty-six influenza A (H1N1) virus strains were isolated,and 10 of them were successfully sequenced and several amino acid mutations were identified.There were 6 amino acid mutations found compared with vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 (H1N1),and 1 site was in area B of epitope.Conclusions A (H1N1) is absolute predominant among isolated strains in 2009.HA gene of virulent strains is mutated compared with vaccine strain provided by World Health Organization,which shows that the area B of epitope changes,while the key amino acid position 222 doesn't change.

Objective To study the preventive effect of Omeprazole on post-endoscopic retrograde choledo-chopallcreatography(ERCP)-induced pancreatitis.Methods 126 patients were divided into two groups at random.One group received Omeprazole 20mg bid for two days.and the other group received placebo(Vitamine B).Blood was drawn in each group the day before,4 hours and 24 hours following ERCP for examination of amylase and hepa-torenal functions.Meanwhile Meanwhile the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis were also observed.Results Acute pancreatitis was clinically induced in 1.59% cases of placebo group,but none in the Omeprazole group.Hyperamy-lasemia occurred in 20.63%-7.93%in Omeprazole group at 4 hours and 24 hours after ERCP operation,while 30.16%.14.29%in placebo group;The incidence rate of acute pancreatitis following ERCP and hyperamylasemia 4 h after ERCP in omeprazole group were significantly lower than in placebo group(P<0.01,P<0.05).There were no significance differences in amylase 24 hours following ERCP between two groups(P>0.05).Concluslon Omeprazole can prevent the acute pancreatitis induced by ERCP to some extent.

Objective To observe the incidence rate of anaemia and analyze the nutritional situation in the elderly population.Methods From April to August 2010,a total of 2052 elderly persons from out-department of Tianjin First Center Hospital were divided into four age groups:65-69years group (n=528),70-74 years group (n=593),75-79 years group (n=423) and 80 years and over group (n= 508).The body mass index (BMI),haemoglobin (Hb),mean corpuscular volume (MCV),triglyceride (TG),creatinine (Cr),serum albumin (ALB) and ferritin (Fer) were tested and evaluated using K-W test.Results (1) Anaemia was found in 90 subjects (4.4 %),4.0% in men and 6.l% in women,9.5% in 80 years and over group.The subjects with Hb level less than 90g/L were all 80 years and over.(2)There were significant differences among the groups in BMI,TG,Cr,ALB,Hb,MCV and Fer levels (all P＜0.01).There were significant differences among four groups in Hb and ALB levels (P＜0.01 ),and partially differences in TG, Cr and MCV levels (P＜0.05).(3)The Hb level was significantly correlated with TG, ALB, Fer and MCV levels (r=0.115,0.211, 0.114 and 0.089, all P＜0.01 ) from Pearson analysis.Conclusions Anemia incidence in elderly population is increased along with aging and is higher in women than in men, especially higher in 80 years and over group.Nutritional situation gets worse with aging.