Astrocytes play many important roles in the nervous system.In recent years,researchers are paying attention to the roles of astrocytes in the process of stroke.This article mainly reviews the biological functions of astrocytes and the gene expression changes of astrocytes after ischemic stroke,thereby providing new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVE:To study the quality standard of Changsheng oral solution.METHODS:Radix Astragali,Radix Platycodi,Spica Prunellae and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae in the formula were identified qualitatively by TLC.The content of Liquiritin in Changsheng oral solution was determined by HPLC.The chromatographic separation was performed on Nova-Pak C18 column(150 mm?4.6 mm,4 ?m)and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2.5% acetic acid(13∶87)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detective wavelength was set at 276 nm.RESULTS:Clear TLC spots were noted.The linear range of Liquiritin was 0.025 04～0.626 00 ?g(r=0.999 9).The average recovery rate of Liquiritin was 98.66%(RSD=0.52%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The established standard can be used for the quality control of Changsheng oral solution.

Objective To explore the influence of non -urethral suspension surgery in tension -free vaginal tape -obturator technique on patients with stress urinary incontinence.Methods 80 patients with stress urinary incontinence were researched,they were divided randomly into observation group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases).The control group was treated by conventional drug therapy +functional exercise,while the observation group was treated by tension -free vaginal tape -obturator technique on the basis of the control group.The urethral dynamics before and after two months treatment were compared,and the clinical therapeutic effect and recurrence rate were compared.Results After treatment,the voiding time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group[(25.78 ±4.15)s vs.(21.42 ±3.41)s,t =3.465,P <0.05],the mean urinary flow rate was lower than the control group[(6.41 ±1.14)mL/s vs.(9.84 ±1.79)mL/s,t =10.222,P <0.05].The functional urethral length, maximum urethral closure pressure of the observation group were higher than those of the control group[(38.94 ± 8.41)mm vs.(33.47 ±5.38)mm,(36.94 ±9.21)cmH2 O vs.(31.73 ±7.19)cmH2 O,t =3.465,2.820,all P <0.05].The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(72.5% vs.70.0%,χ2 =11.113,P <0.05).After six months of follow -up,the recurrence rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(0.0% vs.10.0%,χ2 =4.210,P <0.05 ).Conclusion In patients with stress urinary incontinence,tension -free vaginal tape -obturator technique can significantly improve the urethral dynamics,promote recovery of illness,it is worthy of application and promotion.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of quantitative detection of serum HBsAg.Methods Serum concentrations of HBsAg were detected by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay in 7612 hospitalized non-hepatitis patients.The distribution of HBsAg positive patients and the relationship of HBsAg concentration with serum anti.HBs.HBeAg and HBV DNA were analyzed.Results The HBsAg positive rate was 11.4%(870/7612)in this series.The serum HBsAg ranged from 0.08 U/mL to 125 000 U/mL with a median of 932.28 U/mL.No significant difference of HBsAg concentrations between male and female patients was observed(Z=-0.366,P＞0.05).1.There were negative correlation of HBsAg concentration with the age of patients(r=-0.370,P＜0.01),and positive correlations of HBsAg with HBeAg(r=0.654,P＜0.01)and HBV DNA levels(r=0.765,P＜0.01).Conclusion The quantitative determination of seFum HBsAg may be useful in estimating the hepatitis B viral replication and clearance.

Objective To evaluate the significances of prostate specific antigen(PSA),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) as a marker of bone formation,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP5b) and pyridinoline cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(ICTP) as markers of bone resorption in diagnosis of bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Methods Totally 57 elderly patients aged 61-90 years with prostate cancer were divided into groups with bone metastasis(n=27)and without bone metastasis (n=30) according to radionuclide bone imaging,and into progressive(n=18) and limited metastasis groups(n=39) by EOD score.Serum concentrations of PSA,TRACP5b,ALP and ICTP were measured by electrochemiluminescence,colorimetric assay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).Sensitivities and specificities were calculated for each marker and the diagnostic values of markers were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Resuits The serum levels of PSA,TRACP5b,ALP and ICTP were significantly higher in group with bone metastasis than in group without metastasis (P＜ 0.05).In the progressive bone metastasis group,Gleason score and the concentrations of PSA,ALP,TRACP5b,ICTP were increased as compared with limited metastasis group (P＜ 0.05). In diagnosis of prostate cancer with bone metastasis,the area under ROC curve(AUC) of PSA,TRACP5b,ALP,ICTP were 0.796,0.657,0.762,0.743,respectively.The diagnostic value PSA,ALP and ICTP were comparable,followed by TRACP5b.Using the cut point values of 10.235 μg/L for PSA,4.25 U/L for TRACP5b,116.0 U/L for ALP and 7.6 U/L for ICTP,the sensitivities were 66.7％,59.3％,37％,59.3％ and the specificities were 90％,76.7％,96.7％,80％,respectively.PSA,ALP,ICTP and Gleason score were independent predictors of bone metastasis of prostate cancer,the total coincidence rate of regression model was 84.2％. Conclusions The diagnostic values of PSA,TRACP5b,ALP,ICTP are comparable,the combined and dynamic observation may facilitate early diagnosis of prostate cancer with bone metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the significances of prostate specific antigen (PSA)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) as a marker of bone formation and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b)and pyridinoline cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(ICTP)as markers of bone resorption in predicting therapeutic effect of bone metastasis of prostate cancer patients.Methods Serum levels of PSA,tALP,TRACP5b and ICTP in 57 elderly patients aged 61-90 years with prostate cancer were determined by electrochemiluminescence,colorimetric assay,enzyme linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)respectively.The correlation between the duration of ADT and the concentrations of each marker index (ln-transformed) was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.All prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis were divided into group A (patients without bisphosphonates,n =13),group B (patients with stable bone metastasis and bisphosphonates,n=6) and group C (patients with severe bone metastasis and bisphosphonates,n=8).The concentration of each bone metabolic marker was compared between the three groups.Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum concentrations of PSA,ALP and ICTP had no significant correlations with the duration of ADT,but TRACP5b concentration (ln transformed) had a significant positive correlation with the duration of ADT (ln transformed) (R =0.421,P＜ 0.01).The concentrations of PSA,TRACP5b and tALP were increased in group C as compared with group A,but only TRACP5b concentration had a significant difference between group A and C (P＜ 0.05).The concentrations of PSA,tALP,ICTP and TRACP5b were significantly increased in group C as compared with group B (all P＜0.05).Conclusions PSA and bone resorption and formation markers can be excellent monitors of therapeutic effect-relating bone metabolism changes during castration and bisphosphonate treatment in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis,and TRACP5b may be more sensitive.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis,diagnosis and therapy of intranasal contact point headache.Method The clinical data of 73 patients with contact point headache between the septum and the lateral nasal wall were retrospectively reviewed and the anatomical abnormality of nasal carity was determined by CT scanning of the sinuses and endoscopy.All the patients underwent surgical intervention for correcting the abnormal anatomical conditions of nasal cavity.Results The headache disappeared in 67 of the 73 patients after topical anesthesia,and in the 6 remainders after maxillary sinus puncture.Among the anatomic variations in all the cases,endoscopy revealed that 31 sides there was hypertrophy of ethmoidal bulla,hypertrophy and medial deriation of processus uncinatus in 59 cases,abnormality of middle turbinate in 91 sides,and upper nasal septal deviation in 51 cases.Among the 73 cases,there was confact of two or mose sites of mucosa of the abnormalities in 57 cases.The headache disappeared in 64 patients(87.7%) one week after operation,and it was reduced in 9 cases(12.3%).12-month follow-up showed recovery in 59 cases(80.8%),in 12 cases(16.4%) it was partially relieved,and in 2 cases(2.7%) there was no effect.Conclusions Abnormal nasal septa,enlarged turbinates and other anatomic abnormalities are the most common findings in contact point headache.Pressure due to mucosal contact between the septum and lateral nasal wall mucosa,and maxillary sinus orifice occlusion are the major causes of contact point headaches.Endoscopy,CT scanning,and topical anesthesia are ideal in diagnosis of intranasal contact point headache.

Objective To discuss endoscopic surgical treatment and its effect of intranasal contact point headaches.Methods Twe(n)ty-five patients with intranasal contact point headaches were treated by endoscopic rhinoplasty of nasal cavity,including middle turbinoplasty,functional resection of ostiomeatal complex,endoscopic submucous septoplasty.Achieved organic combination of the above surgery methods according to the different results of the CT scan and endoscope,the surgical procedure waft designed individually.Results All patients were followed up for 9 to 12 months.Recovery was 21 cases(84.00%),efficacy was 3 cases(12.00%),inefficacy was 1 case(4.00%),the rate of fully recovered without serious complication was 96.00%(24/25).Conclusions Intranagal contact point headaches is a sort of the nasal headaches as a result of multi abnormality of nasal cavity structure.Endoscopic rhinoplagty is an effective treatment by means of reconstructing the balance of bilateral nasal cavity and improving its function.

Objective: To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid on high K + induced catecholamine secretion in PC12 cells. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection were used to measure catecholamine secreted by PC12 cells. Results:(1) After PC12 cells were pretreated with various concentration of corticosterone at 37℃ for 5 min and then stimulated with various concentration of high K + for different time periods, the inhibitory effect of corticosterone on catecholamine secretion was found in a dose dependent manner. (2) When the duration of high K + treatment was prolonged, the inhibitory effect of corticosterone on catecholamine secretion tended to be attenuated. Conclusion: Glucocorticoid can rapidly inhibit the catecholamine secretion induced by high K + in PC12 cells. [

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levothyroxine sodium combined with Guipi pills in the treatment of hypothyroidism . Methods A total of 114 cases from August 2013 to November 2015 in Lanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital with hypothyroidism were selected and randomly divided into control group and experiment group, 57 cases in each group.The patients in the both groups were given conventional treatment and symptomatic treatment.Patients in the control group were given levothyroxine sodium tablets 25 μg orally once a day, two weeks after continuous treatment according to the patient’s condition to 50μg.Patients in the experiment group were given levothyroxine sodium tablets 25μg orally once a day combined with Guipi pills 1.2g, three times a day.Two groups of patients a cycle of 28days, a total of 6 cycles of treatment.The clinical efficacy, thyroid hormone, lipid metabolic indexes and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the control group was 78.95%, significantly lower than 92.98% of experimental group (P <0.05).The level of serum TSH, TC and TG were significantly decreased in two groups after treatment, and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05); the levels of FT3 and FT4 were significantly increased, and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group ( P <0.05 ).The incidence of adverse reactions was 10.53% in the control group and 5.26% in the experimental group, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Levothyroxine sodium combined with Guipi pills in the treatment of hypothyrosis was effective with high safety.