No abstract available.
Catatonia* ; Lorazepam* ; Seizures*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

The effects of lorazepam on cerebral function, metabolism, and hemodynamics were studied in eight dogs receiving a general anesthesia with isoflurane(0.5 vo1%)-50% nitrous oxide-oxy-gen. The effects of benzodiazepine antaronist, flumazenil, were also examined. Lorazepam(0.5 mg/kg) administration did decrease mean arterial pressure(MAP) and herat rate(HR). It did significantly decrease cerebral blood flow(CBF)(measured by posterior sagittal sinus outflow method) by 25% of control value(68+/-l3 vs. 51+/-12ml/100gm/min, meanSD) and cereberal metabolic rate for oxygen(CMRO ) by 17% (3.96+/-1.04 vs. 3.30+/-0.92ml/l00gm/min, mean+/-SD). Electroencephalogram(EEG) converted to high amplitude, predominantly theta and delta activity. Intracranial pressure(ICP) increased markedly. Following flumazenil(0.06 mg/kg) administration, HR recovered completely to control level but MAP increased only at 5 min. compared to pre-flumazenil value and returned to pre-flumazenil level. CBF recovered to control level for 15 min. and deereased after 30 min. compared to control level but higher than pre-flumazenil level about 9-15%. CMRO recovered completely to control leveL EEG changed to an awake pattern after fluamzenil administration. It is concluded that lorarepam decreased cerebral function and metabolism and depressed hemodynamic fuction. Benzodiazepine antag- onist, flumazenil, was effective in reversing cerebral and hemodynamic effects, may be in dose related manner.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Benzodiazepines ; Dogs* ; Electroencephalography ; Flumazenil* ; Hemodynamics ; Lorazepam* ; Metabolism

Drug-assisted interviews are useful for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. However, amobarbital, a typical medication used for this purpose, is associated with elevated risk of respiratory depression. Benzodiazepines are good substitutes for amobarbital, with similar therapeutic effects and fewer complications. Although drug-assisted interviews are not widely used, they may be beneficial for selected patients who do not respond to conventional treatments such as supportive psychotherapy or psychopharmacotherapy. We report two cases of dissociative amnesia that were treated using lorazepam-assisted interviews. The use of lorazepam in drug-assisted interviews is effective and safe for resolving dissociative amnesia.
Amnesia ; Amobarbital ; Benzodiazepines ; Humans ; Lorazepam ; Mental Disorders ; Psychotherapy ; Respiratory Insufficiency

Drugs of the benzodiazepine family pharmacologically have superior anti-anxiety, sedative, anti-convulsant, and muscle relaxant effect resulting in its popular use not only in psychiatry but in other field of medicine. However, the long term use of benzodiazepines may cause to question the efficacy and may amount to dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms thus leading to sociologic problems. The treatment strategies of benzodiazepine dependence consist of gradual dosage reduction, the substitution to a long half-life benzodiazepine, and providing psychological support. We present two treatment experiences of high dose lorazepam dependence along with the review of corresponding literature.
Benzodiazepines ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency requiring immediate effective care to avoid permanent brain damage or death. There is no single ideal pharmacological agent that can be used for status epilepticus. The author has studied the effect of intravenous lorazepam in the tratment of status epilepticus occurring in eighteen patients. Lorazepam controlled status epilepticus in sixteen (88%) of the eighteen patents, showed no side effect such as depressant action on respiratory and cardiovascular system. Also it seemed that lorazepam acted rapidly and its effect lasted at least for over eight hours. Except a few cases who had had prolonged hangover, the injection seemed to be handy and safe treatment without requiring EKG monitoring and repeated electrolyte check etc. as in dilantinization.
Brain ; Cardiovascular System ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Phenytoin ; Status Epilepticus*

Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency requiring immediate effective care to avoid permanent brain damage or death. There is no single ideal pharmacological agent that can be used for status epilepticus. The author has studied the effect of intravenous lorazepam in the tratment of status epilepticus occurring in eighteen patients. Lorazepam controlled status epilepticus in sixteen (88%) of the eighteen patents, showed no side effect such as depressant action on respiratory and cardiovascular system. Also it seemed that lorazepam acted rapidly and its effect lasted at least for over eight hours. Except a few cases who had had prolonged hangover, the injection seemed to be handy and safe treatment without requiring EKG monitoring and repeated electrolyte check etc. as in dilantinization.
Brain ; Cardiovascular System ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Phenytoin ; Status Epilepticus*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect, safety and tolerability of risperdal sachet(oral solution) with lorazepam tablet versus intramuscular haloperidol and lorazepam injection for management of acute psychotic symptom in the elderly with organic mental disorder. METHODS: Total 37 patients who have dementia, medical or physical diseases, associated with acute psychotic symptom were randomly assigned to oral treatment with 1mg of risperdal sachet(oral solution) plus 1mg of lorazepam(N=17) or to intramuscular treatment with 2.5mg of haloperidol plus 2mg of lorazepam(N=20). The change of CGI scores was used for the evaluation of efficacy. RESULTS: Mean score improvements at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after treatment were statistically significant at each time point in both groups(p<0.001) and were similar in both groups(p=0.189). CONCLUSION: A single oral dose of risperdal sachet(oral solution) plus lorazepam was as effective and tolerable as parenterally administered haloperidol plus lorazepam for the rapid control of acute psychotic symptom in the elderly with organic mental disorder.
Aged* ; Delirium ; Neurocognitive Disorders* ; Dementia ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Lorazepam*

OBJECTIVES: In development of Korean addiction treatment guidelines, the aim of this study was to investigate the experts' consensus regarding current pharmacological practice in treatment of alcohol withdrawal. METHODS: Using recommendations from foreign clinical guidelines, which were either lacking in evidence or could not be directly applied to Korea, the executive committee developed a questionnaire consisting of 17 questions. Using a nine-point scale, members of the Korean Addiction Psychiatry, who were experts (n=150) with sufficient experience in treatment of alcohol use disorder, were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of each item on the questionnaire. We classified the experts' opinion according to three categories, based on the lowest scores of 6.5 or greater as a first-line/preferred treatment, 3.5-6.5 as a second-line/reasonable treatment, and lower than 3.5 as a third-line/inappropriate treatment. The consensus was determined by chi-square test (p<0.05). Response rate was 70.4% (81/115). RESULTS: The results of the survey from the experts were as follows: 1) Symptom triggered therapy (STT) was the most appropriate strategy in treatment of alcohol withdrawal (95% CI 7.41-8.04). 2) Prophylactic benzodiazepine was recommended for management of expecting alcohol withdrawal in out-patient-department patients. 3) Among benzodiazepines, lorazepam was the most preferred. 4) For patients with severe withdrawal, lorazepam 7.4 mg/day (95% CI 6.48-8.25, maximum dose=20 mg) was recommended. 5) Risperidone, quetiapine, and haloperidol were the first-line drugs for patients with alcohol withdrawal and combined psychotic symptoms. 6) 127.5 mg (95% CI 111-145) for 2.8 months of prophylactic thiamine and 213.5 mg (95% CI 190-240) for 6.2 months of thiamine for Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome were recommended. CONCLUSION: We hope that these Korean addiction treatment guidelines, added by the Korean experts' consensus, will be helpful in promoting the efficacy of treatment for alcohol withdrawal.
Benzodiazepines ; Consensus ; Dibenzothiazepines ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Korea ; Lorazepam ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risperidone ; Thiamine ; Quetiapine Fumarate

Problems related to agitation in the ICU patients include cardiorespiratory instability, ina bility to cooperate with nursing care, failure to maintain op timal positioning in bed, dis- ruption of life sustaining tubes and catheters, and injuries to patients and hospital person- nel. Thus, the ability to provide safe, controllable, and reversible sedation can be important in the care of critically ill patients. Midazolam is a water soluble imidazobenzodiazepine with a rapid onset of ac tion and short elimination half life compared with diazepam or lorazepam. We evaluated the use of midazolam by continuous infusion for prolonged sedation of critically ill adult patients. The results were as follows ; 1) Midazolam infusion effectively controlled severe agitation in all patients. 2) No episodes of cardiovascular depression due to midazolam occur red during the study period. 3) In one patient, tolerance was developed 6 days after infusion. 4) Mean time to alertness was 2.23 hours. 5) In a renal failure patient, there was no significant prolongation of time to alertness. These results suggest that midazolam infusion provides safe, controllable, and reversible sedation in the care of critically ill patients.
Adult ; Catheters ; Critical Illness ; Depression ; Diazepam ; Dihydroergotamine ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Lorazepam ; Midazolam* ; Nursing Care ; Renal Insufficiency