A new spectrophotometry was described for the simultaneous analysis of pseudoephedrine sulfate-Ioratadine combination. The derivative spectrophotometry dA/d values were read at zero-crossing point. Mean recoveries were found to be more than 98% for these compound in mixture. The procedure does not require any separation step and proven to be rapid, simple and accurate for determination of the mentioned sample or corresponding multi-component mixture
Spectrophotometry ; Ultraviolet Therapy ; Loratadine ; tablets

PURPOSE: Nasal cytology is important in the diagnosis and treatment of nasal inflammatory diseases. Treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) according to nasal cytology has not been fully studied. We plan to explore the individualized treatment of AR according to nasal cytology. METHODS: Nasal cytology from 468 AR patients was examined for inflammatory cell quantity (grade 0–5) and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils. Results were subdivided into the following categories: AR(Eos), eosinophil ≥50% of the whole inflammatory cells; AR(Neu), neutrophils ≥90%; AR(Eos/Neu), 10%≤ eosinophil <50%; AR(Low), grade 0/1 inflammatory cell quantity. Nasal cytology-guided treatment was implemented: all AR(Eos) patients (n=22) and half of the AR(Neu) patients (AR[Neu1], n=22) were treated with mometasone furoate spray and oral loratadine. Another half of the AR(Neu) patients (AR[Neu2], n=22) were treated with oral clarithromycin. Visual analog scale (VAS), symptom scores, and nasal cytology were evaluated 2 weeks before and after treatment. RESULTS: There were 224/468 (47.86%) AR(Eos), 67/468 (14.32%) AR(Neu), 112/468 (23.93%) AR(Eos/Neu), and 65/468 (13.89%) AR(Low) of the AR patients studied. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics among these subgroups, except that the nasal blockage score was higher in AR(Eos) patients than in AR(Neu) patients (1.99 vs. 1.50, P=0.02). Comparing AR(Eos) patients with AR(Neu1) patients 2 weeks after treatment, nasal symptoms and VAS were significantly lower in AR(Eos) patients, except for nasal blockage symptoms (P<0.05 of nasal itching and sneezing; P<0.01 for nasal secretion, total scores, and VAS). Comparing AR(Neu1) with AR(Neu2) patients, nasal symptoms, and VAS were significantly lower in AR(Neu2), except for nasal blockage and nasal itching symptoms (P<0.05 for nasal secretions, sneezing, total score, and VAS). CONCLUSIONS: Nasal cytology may have important value in subtyping AR and optimizing AR treatment. Treating neutrophils is very important in AR patients with locally predominant neutrophils.
Clarithromycin ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Loratadine ; Mometasone Furoate ; Nasal Obstruction ; Neutrophils ; Pruritus ; Rhinitis, Allergic* ; Sneezing ; Visual Analog Scale

OBJECTIVE: To determine if Ehretia microphylla (Tsaang Gubat) decoction tea and placebo can improve the symptoms of mild intermittent allergic rhinitis in comparison to loratadine and control tea.
METHODS:
Design: Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled
Trial Setting: Tertiary-Government Training Hospital
Participants: Twenty-four patients diagnosed with mild intermittent allergic rhinitis from October 2015 to July 2016 were randomly divided into a treatment group given Ehretia microphylla (Tsaang Gubat) decoction tea and placebo, and a control group given control tea and loratadine, both taken for 7 days. Patients underwent pre- and post-intervention evaluation by anterior rhinoscopy, Sino-nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT 22) Questionnaire and 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were encoded and subjected to statistical analysis using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.
RESULTS: Age and gender of the treatment and control group participants were comparable. Prior to intervention, no differences in symptoms were noted between both groups on SNOT 22 and VAS scores. After intervention, no differences in symptoms were noted between the 2 groups on SNOT 22 and VAS scores either. Comparison of pre- (30.4 ± 17.3) and post- (7.2 ± 6.5) intervention mean SNOT 22 scores of the loratadine control group with pre- (32.5 ± 23.7) and post- (7.8 ± 10.4) intervention mean SNOT 22 scores of the Ehretia Microphylla treatment group showed significant improvement of symptoms in both groups. Likewise, comparison of pre- and post-intervention mean VAS scores of the loratadine control group and pre- and post-intervention mean VAS scores of the Ehretia Microphylla treatment group based on symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and pruritus showed significant improvement of symptoms in both groups (p-values of < .001).
CONCLUSION: Ehretia microphylla (Tsaang Gubat) decoction tea may improve symptoms of allergic rhinitis (sneezing, rhinorrhea, pruritus and nasal congestion) and be taken as an alternative to loratadine in patients with mild intermittent allergic rhinitis. Further clinical trials with more participants may provide stronger evidence for this conclusion.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Loratadine ; Sneezing ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Nose ; Isononanoyl Oxybenzene Sulfonate ; Benzenesulfonates ; Pruritus ; Boraginaceae

PURPOSE: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common and debilitating disease, and the need for effective treatment has increased. Omalizumab may be an alternative regimen in patients with CU who do not respond to conventional treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and to observe the clinical results of omlizumab in patients with refractory CU. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 26 patients with refractory CU who were treated with omalizumab. Omalizumab was administered every 2 or 4 weeks, depending on body weight and the total serum IgE level, for 24 weeks. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (53.8%) achieved remission after the treatment; they had a significantly higher prevalence of personal (P=0.033) and family history of allergic diseases (P=0.002) than those who did not achieve remission. During omalizumab treatment, the urticaria activity score declined significantly (12.11+/-1.97 to 2.7+/-4.23; P=0.001) and the CU-quality of life score improved significantly (34.65+/-13.58 to 60.88+/-11.11; P=0.004). There were significant decreases in the use of systemic steroids (42.3%-11.5%; P=0.027) and immunomodulators (65.4%-19.2%; P=0.002). The dose of antihistamines required to control CU also decreased significantly (215.66+/-70.06 to 60.85+/-70.53 mg/week of loratadine equivalents; P<0.001). No serious adverse event was noted. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that omalizumab can be an effective and safe treatment in patients with refractory CU.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Body Weight ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunologic Factors ; Loratadine ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids ; Urticaria ; Omalizumab

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects and explore the mechanism of the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treating atopic dermatitis (AD).

METHODSForty-seven patients with AD were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group and the treated group, they were treated with conventional Western medicine (10 mg Loratadine tablet, once daily) and with integrated medicine additionally given modified Jiawei Danggui Decection besides Western medicine respectively for 4 weeks. Double-sandwich ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin- 4, -10 and -12 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12) before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the treated group was 56% (14/25 cases), better than that in the control group (22.7%, 5/22 cases), showing significant difference between the two groups (X2 = 5.38, P < 0.05). Before treatment the serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 were significantly higher and level of IL-12 was lower in AD patients as compared with those in healthy persons (P < 0.01); they all restored to normal in the treated group after treatment but unchanged in the control group, showing significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is ascertainable, its mechanism might be associated with the regulation on related cytokines.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytokines ; blood ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Loratadine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the determination of desloratadine in human serum and its pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.

METHODSA single oral dose of 10 mg desloratadine was given to 18 healthy volunteers. The serum concentrations of desloratadine were determined by HPLC-MS assay. The pharmacokinetics parameters of desloratadine tablets were calculated with program 3P97.

RESULTThe main pharmacokinetics parameters of desloratadine tablets were as followsút(max)(1.611 +/-0.366)h, C(max) (4.455+/-1.990)microg x L(-1), AUC(0-t) (58.50+/-21.34)microg x L(-1) x h(-1), AUC(0-infinity) (60.59+/-22.32)microg x L(-1) x h(-1), t(1/2(ke)) (20.303+/-5.833)h, Ke (0.0372+/-0.0116)h(-1) and CL(0.1838+/-0.0563)L x h(-1).

CONCLUSIONDesloratadine tablet is absorbed quicker in the 18 healthy volunteers than the reports and its peak blood concentration reached at 1.5 h after oral administration with t(1/2) 20 h.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Loratadine ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVESince human mast cell is an important source of cytokines, it is of importance to understand the effects of anti-allergic drugs on cytokines modulation in mast cells. In the present study, we aimed at observing whether IL-4 could be released from human mast cell line (HMC-1) after the stimulation of PMA + A23187, and the effects of systemic glucocorticosteroid, dexamethasone, topical glucocorticosteroid, budesonide and H1 antagonist, desloratadine on IL-4 release and mRNA expression.

METHODSHMC-1 was stimulated with 25 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 2.5 x 10(-7) mol/L ionomycin (A23187) and cultured for 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours respectively in the presence or absence of 10(-6)-10(-10) mol/L concentrations of test drugs. Culture supernatants were collected and the levels of IL-4 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-4 was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSHMC-1 expressed IL-4 mRNA and the resulting protein production of IL-4 released after being stimulated with PMA plus A23187. Dexamethasone, budesonide and desloratadine had potent inhibitory effect on IL-4 release at any concentrations and time points, with significant deference (P < 0.05) compared to the control cells. The inhibitory effect did not show time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Desloratadine and budesonide showed neither up-regulatory nor down-regulatory effects on IL-4 mRNA expression at the test concentrations, however, desloratadine could down-regulate IL-4 mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONSHMC-1 could express and produce IL4 after stimulation. Dexamethasone, budesonide and desloratadine all had inhibitory effects on IL-4 release from HMC-1. In addition, desloratadine could also inhibit the IL-4 mRNA expression.

Budesonide ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; biosynthesis ; Loratadine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Mast Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of loratadine, a new generation of antihistaminics, in the treatment of childhood asthma.

METHODSThe papers related to loratadine treatment for childhood asthma were searched in the database of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrance, CNKI and CBMdisc (January 1990 to December 2010) electronically and manually. According to the Cochrane reviewer's handbook, the quality of the enrolled papers was assessed and a systematic review was performed.

RESULTSA total of 179 papers were obtained. Eleven randomized controlled trials met the criteria and were included in this study. The 11 trials included 317 children with asthma: 159 cases in the loratadine treatment group and 158 cases in the control group. All included studies belonged to the B class according to the quality evaluation criteria. Meta analysis showed that the clinical symptoms were improved more, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 4 and 8 weeks posttreatment and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 8 weeks posttreatment were higher in the loratadine treatment group than in the control group. The treatment-related adverse effects, fatigue, tachycardia and palpitation, occurred less in the loratadine treatment group compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONSLoratadine is safe and effective for the treatment of childhood asthma.

Anti-Allergic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Loratadine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

AIMTo establish an HPLC-fluorescence method for determination of loratadine in human plasma and evaluate its relative bioavailability.

METHODSAn Alltech-C18 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine (90:100:6:0.15) were used. The fluorescence detector was set at Ex 274 nm, Em 450 nm. The flow rate was 1 mL.min-1.

RESULTSThe calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.2-30 micrograms.L-1. The limit of quantification was 0.2 microgram.L-1. The average method recoveries varied from 96% to 98%. The results showed AUC, Tmax, Cmax and T1/2 beta between the testing tablets, testing capsules and reference tablets had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Relative bioavailabilities were 107% +/- 17% and 100% +/- 14% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe three formulations were bioequivalent.

Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Fluorescence ; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Loratadine ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Danggui Yinzi (DY) on delayed allergy in model mice with qi-blood deficiency syndrome (QBDS).

METHODSQBDS model was established in 48 Kuming mice of SPF grade by using reserpine and acetophenone hydrazine. Forty of them were then randomly divided into the model group, the loratadine group, the high dose DY group, the middle dose DY group, and the low dose DY group, 8 in each group. Another 8 in line with the same standard were recruited as a blank group. Mice in high, middle, and low dose DY groups were administered with DY concentrated solution at 60, 30, 15 g/kg by gastrogavage. Mice in the loratadine group were administered with loratadine solution at 1.66 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to mice in the model group and the blank group by gastrogavage. All medication was given once per day for 1 successive week. Except those in the blank group, the rest mice were evenly smeared with 1% DNCB solution on the abdomen. Five days after skin allergy, 1% DNCB solution was smeared to right ear of all mice to stimulate allergic reaction. Mice in the blank group were smeared in the same way without allergenic reaction. The auricle swelling and the inhibition ratio were determined at 24 h after attack. Blood was collected from orbit and serum IgE level detected using double-antibody sandwich ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, auricle swelling obviously increased and serum IgE level was obviously elevated in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, auricle swelling obviously decreased and serum IgE level was obviously reduced in the 3 dose DY groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the auricle swelling degree was superior in high and middle dose DY groups to that in the loratadine group (P < 0.05). The inhibition ratio of auricle swelling was sequenced from high to low as 67.3% in the high dose DY group, 56.0% in the middle dose DY group, 48.1% in the low dose DY group, 47.3% in the loratadine group.

CONCLUSIONSDY could inhibit auricle swelling and lower serum IgE level. It also could inhibit delayed allergic reaction in model mice with QBDS to some extent.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Edema ; drug therapy ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; drug therapy ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Loratadine ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Qi ; Random Allocation