Telomere is the end structure of chromosome and it will be shortened during replication． Telomerase is a reverse transcripatse consisting of both RNA and protein components and synthesizes telomeric DNA by copying the template sequence of its own RNA components to maintain telomere length for function．Telomerase activity in germline cells，immortal and neoplastic cells was detected，but not in mostly normal cells．The telomere-telomerase hypothesis was brung out to explain this phenomenon．According to this hypothesis，re-actived telomerase will maintain telomere's length for protecting chromosome to make the cell immortal．The aging procedure will be explained by this hypothesis too．This hypothesis provides a new concepts of cancer and cancer's treatment．

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of preemptive analgesia with parecoxib for acute postoperative pain after pulmenary lobectomy.MethodsSixty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 20-64 yr weighing 50-80 kg undergoing elective pulmonary lobectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =20 each): control group (group C); group A (parecoxib 40 mg was injected iv at 20 min before surgery) and group B (parecoxib 40 mg was injected iv when skin was sutured).Patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with sufentanil and ramosetron (continuous background dose 2 ml/h,bolus dose 0.5 ml,lockout time 15 min) was used after surgery.When VAS score ＞ 3,iv bolus of tramadol 1-2 mg/kg was injected as rescue medicine.Agitation condition was observed after operation.The number of successfully delivered doses and the number of attempt were recorded.The consumption sufentanil and the number of rescue medicine were recorded during 24 h after surgery.ResultsThe incidence of postoperation agitation,number of successfully delivered doses and number of attempt,consumption sufentanil and number of rescue medicine were significantly lower in groups A and B than in group C.The consumption sufentanil and number of rescue medicine were significantly lower in group A than in group B ( P ＜0.05).ConclusionParecoxib can use for preemptive analgesia in patients after thoracic surgery,reduce the complication during anesthesia recovery and the opioid analgesics consupmtion.

Peritoneal adhesion is one of the common complications of abdominal and pelvic operations,the impact of which is immense in terms of human suffering and substantial socio-economic burden.There is an urgent need for a more effective understanding of the disease process and its etiology,to evaluate the pharmacologic,mechanical,and surgical adjuvant strategies to minimize peritoneal adhesion formation.

Purpose:To study the effectiveness and safety o f first-line chemotherapy with GEM-Cis 3-week regimen in routine care of Chin ese patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods:Gem-Cis 3-week regimen was used as first line chemoth erapy to treat stage Ⅲb/Ⅳ NSCLC patients, measurements of effectiveness includ ed clinical benefit and significant clinical response (SCR), and side events of GEM-Cis in the treatment of stage Ⅲb/IV NSCLC. Results:221 patients with cytological or pathological confirmed stage Ⅲb or IV NSCLC were enrolled, 209 eligible for effectiveness and safety analysis. Median age 58 years (range, 29 to 79 years); males: females, 67.5%∶ 32.5%; stage Ⅳ: ⅢB, 52.5%∶47.8 %; KPS

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of platinum-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods Clinical data of forty-one elderly patients (≥70 years) with advanced NSCLC who were treated by platinum-based chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 41 patients, 18 (43.9%) patientswere treated with vinorelbine, 9 (22.0%) patients with gemcitabine, 7 (17.1%) patients with paclitaxel and docetaxel respectively. The overall response rate was 19.5%. The median time to progression (MTTP) was 5.8 months, and 1-year survival rate was 65.8% with a median survival time (MST) of 14.2 months. No significant statistical differences were found among the four regimens. The major side effect was bone marrow suppression. Three patients withdrew chemotherapy after one cycle due to grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression. There was no death associated with chemotherapy. Conclusions The platinum-based combined chemotherapy is effective and well-tolerated in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the role of Na+-2Cl--K+ cotransporter 1 (BSC1) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in it.Methods Twentyfour male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8-12 weeks,weighing 125-145 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) ∶ sham operation group (S group),I/R group and sevoflurane group (Sev group).Renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the renal artery for 45 min with atraumatic microclips followed by 24 h reperfusion.In group Sev,the rats inhaled 1 MAC (2.2％) sevoflurane,renal ischemia was induced after loss of consciousness and 1 MAC (2.2％) sevoflurane was inhaled for 1 h.The urine were collected at 24 h before I/R (T1) and 24 h of reperfusion (T2) for detection of urine specific gravity and creatinine (Cr) level.The urine volume was recorded.The endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was calculated.Blood samples were taken from the irferior vena cava at T2 for determination of concentrations of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Cr and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO),malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.The left kidney was removed for determination of MPO and SOD activities and MDA content and for microscopic examination and the pathological changes of the renal tubule were scored.The expression of AQP2 and BSC1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the urine volume was enlarged,concentrations of serum BUN and Cr were significantly increased,urine specific gravity and Ccr were significantly decreased,MPO and MDA levels were significantly increased,SOD activity was significantly decreased,the pathological score was significantly increased,and the expression of AQP2 and BSC1 was down-regulated in groups I/R and Sev (P ＜ 0.05).Cer was significantly higher,conceutratious of serum BUN and Cr and MPO and MDA levels were lower,SOD activity was higher,the pathological score was lower,and the expression of AQP2 and BSC1 was higher in group Sev than in group I/R (P ＜ 0.05).Sevoflurane inhalation significantly attenuated the pathological changes.Conclusion Sevoflurane can attenuate renal I/R injury in rats through up-regulating the expression of BSC1 and AQP2.

Objective To investigate the effect of vecuronium at different doses for induction of anesthesia on monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.Methods One hundred and seventeen patients,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 20-64 yr,weighing 50-85 kg,scheduled for thyroid surgery,were randomly divided into three groups:group Ⅰ (n =39),group Ⅱ (n =40) and group Ⅲ(n =38).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 2 mg,propofol 2 mg/kg,sulfentanil 0.5 μg/kg.Following BIS value at 40-50,vecuronium 0.05(ED95) or 0.10 mg/kg (2 × ED95)was intravenously injected in group Ⅰ or Ⅱ respectively,and the electromyographic (EMG) endotracheal tube was intubated under glidescope at 5 min after vecuronium administration.Group Ⅲ received sevoflurane inhalation and the EMG endotracheal tube was intubated following end-tidal sevoflurane concentration at 4％.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane in three groups.Cooper' s score and the success of attempt at endotracheal intubation were recorded.The recurrent laryngeal nerve-evoked EMG response was monitored to record the amplitude at 5 min intervals from 30 min to 70 min following surgery.Results The success rates of endotracheal intubation were 100％ in three groups,but the Cooper' s score of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.In spite of the EMG amplitude being significantly decreased as compared with group Ⅲ,the EMG response was adequate for monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in group Ⅰ.The EMG response was lost 30 min following surgery,and inadequate for neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve 35-45 min following surgery in group Ⅱ.Conclusion Vecuronium 0.05 mg/kg (ED95)for induction of anesthesia may be helpful to provide satisfactory endotracheal intubation conditions,also not affect the monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroid surgery,which can be recommended as the optimal dosage.

Objective To study the genomic DNA extraction from Rhizoma Coptidus and optimization of RAPD reaction system. Methods Different methods, i.e. phenol method, CTAB method, low pH extraction medium with high salt, were used to genomic DNA extract from Rhizoma Coptidus. The DNA samples obtained by the above methods were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis and ultraviolet spectrometer. Results CTAB Method was considered to be an optimal technique. Based on the genomic DNA extracted by CTAB method, a reaction system suitable for Rhizoma Coptidus was established, that is, 25 ?L amplification reactions system containing 1?PCR buffer, 2 mmol/L Mg 2+, 100—150 ?mol/L dNTP, 20 ng primer, 40 ng template DNA, and 1 U Taq DNA polymerase. Conclusion CTAB Method and RAPD reaction system can be used to RAPD analysis in Rhizoma Coptidus.

Objective To reveal the genetic relationship among populations of cultivated Coptis chinensis.Methods Twenty four populations of cultivated C.chinensis from different habitats were employed to be analyzed by the approach of sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP).Systematic relationship was constructed based on the UPGMA method by Treeconw software.Results A total of 276 bands were scored,among which 120 were polymorphic bands.The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 43.48%,indicating that the materials in the test have low genetic diversity.Genetic similarity coefficients were changed from 0.877 0 to 0.951 9.By cluster analysis,the geographical distribution was not very obvious,but it was also showed some of the cultivated C.chinensis from the same region were in the same group.Conclusion Different germplasms diversity of cultivated C.chinensis population is lower and genetic background is more single.