In order to study the signal pathway secreting type Ⅰ interferon in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the protein and the mRNA expression levels of cGAS/STING pathways were analyzed by ELISA, Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR in PAMs infected with PCV2. In addition, the roles of cGAS, STING, TBK1 and NF-κB/P65 in the generation of type I interferon (IFN-I) from PAMs were analyzed by using the cGAS and STING specific siRNA, inhibitors BX795 and BAY 11-7082. The results showed that the expression levels of IFN-I increased significantly at 48 h after infection with PCV2 (P<0.05), the mRNA expression levels of cGAS increased significantly at 48 h and 72 h after infection (P<0.01), the mRNA expression levels of STING increased significantly at 72 h after infection (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of TBK1 and IRF3 increased at 48 h after infection (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of STING, TBK1 and IRF3 in PAMs infected with PCV2 were increased, the content of NF-κB/p65 was decreased, and the nuclear entry of NF-κB/p65 and IRF3 was promoted. After knocking down cGAS or STING expression by siRNA, the expression level of IFN-I was significantly decreased after PCV2 infection for 48 h (P<0.01). BX795 and BAY 11-7082 inhibitors were used to inhibit the expression of IRF3 and NF-κB, the concentration of IFN-I in BX795-treated group was significantly reduced than that of the PCV2 group (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed between the BAY 11-7028 group and the PCV2 group. The results showed that PAMs infected with PCV2 induced IFN-I secretion through the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Circovirus ; Interferon Type I/genetics* ; Macrophages, Alveolar/virology* ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Swine

AIM: To investigate the effect of peripheral defocus spectacles and orthokeratology lenses on the control of axial length in children and adolescents with myopia.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 71 cases(134 eyes)of children and adolescents with myopia who visited the Second Hospital of Longyan from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected. They were fitted with peripheral defocus spectacles for 12mo and then switched to orthokeratology lenses. The growth of axial length was observed at 3, 6, and 12mo after wearing peripheral defocus spectacles and orthokeratology lenses.RESULTS: The median axial length growth after wearing peripheral defocus spectacles and orthokeratology lenses for 12mo was 0.35 and 0.14mm, respectively. The axial growth at 3, 6, and 12mo after wearing orthokeratology lenses was lower than those after wearing peripheral defocus spectacles(P<0.001), and the growth rate of axial length was significantly reduced. The patients were divided into a rapid progression group(axial growth ≥0.4 mm, 29 cases, 54 eyes)and a non-rapid progression group(axial growth <0.4mm, 42 cases, 80 eyes)according to the axial growth of peripheral defocus spectacles for 12mo. The median axial growth after wearing peripheral defocus spectacles for 12mo in the two groups was 0.70 and 0.24mm, respectively, while the median axial growth after wearing orthokeratology lenses was 0.31 and 0.09mm, respectively. The growth rate was reduced by 56% and 63% respectively in the two groups after wearing orthokeratology lens. The axial growth of cases wearing orthokeratology lenses for 12mo in the non-rapid progression group was lower than that in the rapid progression group, and it did not change with age or diopter. There was no significant difference among different ages and different diopters in the rapid progression group(P>0.05). In the non-rapid progression group, axial growth of cases aged 7-12 years was higher than those aged 13-16 years(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among different diopters(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology lens is more effective than peripheral defocus spectacles in controlling axial growth in children and adolescents with myopia, and the control effect of orthokeratology lens on rapid-progressing myopia is remarkable.

The virus-related corneal endotheliitis has diverse inducement, complex etiology, unclear pathogenesis, diverse clinical manifestations. There is no unified classification at present. Auxiliary diagnosis technology is improving constantly, loop-mediated isothermal amplification and all kinds of PCR have a certain auxiliary role in the diagnosis of this disease. But the diagnosis also mainly relys on history and clinical manifestation in clinic. Anti-viral drug and glucocorticoid are the main treatment. Virus-related corneal endotheliitis has high recurrence rate, so there is an urgent need to research new drugs and new treatment. Experiment researches of genetic engineering drugs, such as vaccines, unwinding-primers enzyme inhibitors, and chemokine receptors, bring hope to the treatment of virus-related corneal endotheliitis. The purpose of this article is to review the related research of virus-related corneal endotheliitis.

AIM: The potential of Trifolium pratense (red clover) extract in the prevention of lipid disorder has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the aim was to determine whether and how red clover extract affected the development of murine diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding mice with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analyses. Real-time PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels. RESULTS: Hepatic steatosis and necroinflammation was observed in MCD diet-fed mice, and this diet-induced steatosis was significantly attenuated, whereas liver inflammation was not significantly attenuated, by red clover extract treatment. Consistent with the results of H&E staining, the MCD diet-induced increase of liver triglycerides and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by red clover extract treatment. However, with the improvement in hepatic steatosis, mRNA levels of acetyl CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and liver fatty acid-binding protein, three genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, were unaffected. CONCLUSION Red clover extract alleviated MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but did not ameliorate liver inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, and the improvement in hepatic steatosis was not through activating PPARα.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Choline Deficiency ; complications ; Diet ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Methionine ; deficiency ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Trifolium ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Objective: To analyze the molecular typing characteristics by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), drug resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella typhimurium in Longyan city in order to provide reference for the prevention and control. Methods: A total of 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains were isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea and food poisoning and raw poultry meat samples during 2010 to 2017. PFGE was performed to measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 15 commonly used drugs against them. PCR was used to detect nine virulence genes (sopB, invA, sifA, sscA, sseE, spvB, pefA, spvR, spvC) in 55 strains. Results: The 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains belonged to 61 PFGE types. There were 10, three and four strains of P1, P3 and P21 types, respectively. Seven P1 type strains were isolate from one food poisoning event. According to the 85% classification standard, 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains could be divided into five predominant gene clusters (G1-G5). Drug susceptibility test showed that the 79 strains had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin (88.61%), followed by that to tetracycline (87.34%) and streptomycin (73.41%). Multidrug resistant bacteria resistant to three or more antibacterial drugs accounted for 84.81% (67/79). All of the 55 strains carried invA, sopB, sseE and sscA genes. The other five genes, sifA, spvC, spvB, spvR and pefA, were detected in 54, 31. 10, 11 and 12 strains, respectively. There were 76.4% (42/55) of the strains carrying five or six virulence genes and all were positive for invA, sopB, sseE, sscA and sifA, and negative for spvB, spvR and pefA. The strains carrying all of the nine virulence genes accounted for 18.2% (10/55). Conclusions Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in Longyan city had a diverse PFGE type. P1, P3 and P21 types were the three predominant PFGE types. In the food poisoning event, PFGE molecular typing could quickly alert the outbreak and traceability of Salmonella typhimurium. Attention should be paid to the multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. Monitoring of multidrug-resistant strains and supervision on antibacterial drug usage should be strengthened. Salmonella typhimurium had high virulence as it carried many virulence genes.

【Objective】 To investigate the related factors of allogeneic blood transfusion (ALBT) in total hip arthroplasty. 【Methods】 Thebasic information, surgical details and laboratory data of 258 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty in Orthopedics Department of our hospital were collectedfrom the electronic medical record system and laboratorytest system. The factors concerningALBT were obtainedby single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 【Results】 The ALBT rate in this study was 19%, and the differencesin such important factors affecting ALBT as gender, age, intraoperative blood loss, drainage volume, operation duration, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), preoperative prothrombin time (PT) andhypertension between the two groupswere notable (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysisrevealed that the independent related factors ofALBT were age ≥ 60 years (OR3.577), intraoperative blood loss (OR1.003), drainage volume (OR1.004)and preoperative PT (OR1.888). Preoperative Hb (OR0.94) was a protective factor. 【Conclusion】 Specific and individualized evaluation of ALBT, aimed atreducingunnecessary blood transfusion, can be provided through the analysis of relevant factors.

OBJECTIVETo explore the type and distribution of thalassemia gene mutation in Longyan area of Fujian province in China, so as to provide a evidence for prenatal diagnosis and to reduce birth defects.

METHODSThe mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and hemoglobin electrophoresis were used for screened the mutation types of thalassemia. Genotyping of the screened positive sample was performed by gap single polymerase chain reaction (gap-PCR) and reverse dot blot hybridization (RDB).

RESULTSOut of 7823 cases of routine positive blood test, 2826 cases were positive (36.12%) by using hemoglobin electrophoresis; 1905 out of 2710 cases were diagnosed as Mediterranean anemia by genetic test, with 24.35% of carrying rate; 1225 cases were positive alpha thalassaemia and the carrying rate was 15.66%, their major genetic types were --/αα,-α/αα,-α/--and -α/αα, with carrying rate of 12.91%, 1.28%, 0.51% and 0.74%, respectively; 632 cases were positive β thalassaemia, with carrying rate of 8.08%, the major genotypes were 654M/N,41-42M/N,17M/N,-28M/N and 27-28M/N and with carrying rate of 3.66%, 2.22%, 0.78%, 0.66% and 0.45%, respectively; 48 cases were diagnosed as both α- and β-thalassemia, with the carrying rate of 0.61%.

CONCLUSIONThe main gene mutation types of α- and β-thalassemia in Longyan area of Fujian Province in China were --/aa and 654 M/N. As thalassemia gene mutation prevalents in Fujian, the screening of thalassemia genotypes for childbearing age woman has great significance for raising population quality.

Objective To explore the association between VEGF gene polymorphism and the changes in cardiac function after HiHiLo. Methods Sixty two men of Han nationality from northern China underwent HiHiLo for 30 days. Training programme was as follows:exposure in hypoxic environment (14.8% - 14.3%O_2) 10hrs per day, hypoxic training three times per week (15.4%～14.8%O_2), and training at sea level in the remaining time. The genotype was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results There is an association between VEGF gene polymorphism and the changes in left ventricular structure and function after 4-week HiHiLo. LVM, LVMI, SV and SI after HiHiLo increased significantly in men carrying CC genotype were better than those carrying CT genotype. Conclusion Men of Han nationality carrying CC genotype probably have a better left ventricular function in response to the HiHiLo than those carrying CT genotype. CC genotype can be used as a genetic marker for the better responsiveness of left ventricular function to the HiHiLo.

Objective To observe the effect of a repeated-sprint training on the speed-endurance of basketball players in a hypoxia environment.Methods Sixteen basketball players were divided into a hypoxiagroup and a normoxia group which had 8 persons each group.The 2 groups separatelyhad a repeated-sprint training with anaerobic power bicycles in a simulatedhypoxic environment at the altitude of 3000 meters and a normoxia environment for 4 weeks(twice a week).Before and after the training,the two groups of subjects had a shuttle run testing and a Wingateanaerobic powertestingin a normoxia environment.Then their blood were collected and measured the blood lactate level at the point-intime of after the shuttle run,3 min later,5 min later,7 min later,and 9 min later.Recorded the result of the shuttle run,the relative average power of the Wingateanaerobic powertesting,and carried on a statistic analysis of the data.Results Comparing with the performance of the shuttle run before the training,the performance of the 2 groups was improved obviously after the four-week-long training (P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).The rate of blood lacticacid clearance in the hypoxia group was higher than that in the normoxia group,and there was a significant difference at 7 min (P＜0.01).The relative average power of the hypoxia group had a significant improvement(P＜0.05),while the normoxia group had no significant change(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference of the relative average power between the two groups.Conclusion Repeatedsprint training can improve basketball players' speed-endurance.Repeated-sprint training in a hypoxic environment can effectively improve basketball players' ability of reducing blood lactate in their body,and the improvement of this aerobic ability can help athletes to have a better performance in competitions.

Objective: To explore a method for macrostomia repairment, in order to to achieve better physiological and aesthetic outcomes. Methods: 23 patients with macrostomia were treated by standard procedure: including orbicularis oris reconstruction, perioral expression muscles fixation, modiolus reconstruction, commissure point shift, and " w" shape incision. Results: 22 cases obtained both static and dynamic symmetrical outcomes. One case developed asymmetrically. Conclusions The macrostomia repairment following present standard procedure, is likely to achieve both static and dynamic satisfactory outcomes, due to balanced perioral muscles.