Objective To set up the reference standard of cyclovirobuxine D.Methods Thermal analysis,HPLC/MS,HPLC with terminal wavelength,HPLC with fluorescence derivation and with ultraviolet derivation,TLC and nonaqueous titration methods were applied to determine the content of cyclovirobuxine D control.Results Thermal analysis can not be used to analyse the purity of cyclovirobuxine D ,and HPLC/MS,HPLC with terminal wavelength,HPLC with fluorescence derivation and HPLC with ultraviolet derivation can obtain the same purity.Conclusion The methods used for the assay of cyclovirobuxine D control were practical.

Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) was observed with histochemical method in 10 cases of endometrium. AKP was localized on plasma membranes of glandular cells in normal proliferative and adenomatous hyperplastic endometrium. Uhrastractural、locatization of AKP has no significant change in endometrial cancer. In differentiated endometrial cancer AKP was predominantly localized on microvilli and apical plasma membranes of tumor cells which were adjacent to glandular cavity; and in undifferentiated cancer AKP was evenly distributed on plasma membaanes of tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the role of 2B subunits-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2B) in the arcuate nucleus in the development of inflammatory pain (IP) in rats.Methods One hundred and eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 9 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table: sham operation group (group S, n =47);group IP (n =47);dimethyl sulfoxide control group (group DMSO, n =7);selective NR2B antagonist Ro25-6981 group (group Ro25-6981, n=7).IP was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 0.1 ml into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.Ro25-6981 400 pmol was injected into the arcuate nucleus at 3 days after CFA injection.Seven rats in each group were selected for measurement of the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) at 1 day before CFA injection (T1) and at 2 days after CFA injection (T2), at 30 min before administration on 3rd day (T3) , at 30 min after administration on 3rd day (T4) , and on 5th day (T5).In S and IP groups, The rats were sacrificed at T1-3 and T5 , and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus was removed for determination of NR2B mRNA expression (by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) and NR2B and phosphorylated NR2B (p-NR2B) expression (by Western blot).Conclusion Compared with group S, the MWT was significantly decreased, and the TWL was shortened at T2-5 in IP, DMSO and Ro25-6981 groups, and the expression of p-NR2B was up-regulated at each time point (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in NR2B protein and mRNA expression in group IP (P＞0.05).Compared with group IP, the MWT was significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at T4in group Ro25-6981 (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in MWT and TWL at each time point in group DMSO (P＞0.05).Conclusion The activation of NR2B in the arcuate nucleus is involved in the development of IP in rats.

AIM: To investigate the effects of intracellular free calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i) from different resources on the proliferation mediated by mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: Cultured VSMCs were used in all experiments. Calcium influx was stimulated by angiotension Ⅱ(AngⅡ). The release of intracellular calcium stores was induced by inositol trisphosphate(IP 3) and ryanodine(RY). MAPK activity was measured by [?- 32 P]-ATP incorporation , MAPK protein expression by western blot, VSMCs proliferation by -Leucine(-Leu) and -Thymidine(-TdR) incorporation. RESULTS: Compared to the control VSMCs, AngⅡ, IP 3 and RY significantly increased [Ca 2+ ]i concentration , activity of MAPK and its protein content in VSMCs. The promotion of -Leu and -TdR incorporation in VSMCs was also observed ( P

Objective To synthesize 2-(5-[18 F] fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18 F-ML-10) and to investigate the biodistribution in mice and the primary clinical application.Methods 18F-ML-10 was synthesized by domestic synthesis module MF-2V-IT-1.Quality control of the probe was performed after automated synthesis.The biological characteristics of 18F-ML-10 were assessed by biodistribution assay on male Kunming mice and microPET imaging on a male SD rat.Six patients with brain metastasis (4males,2 females,and age 21-68 years) were enrolled in this study.18F-ML-10 PET images were acquired before and at 48 h after radiotherapy.SUVmean and SUVmax of ROI were calculated.GTV changes were measured by MRI before and 3 months after radiotherapy.Response of brain metastasis to radiotherapy was assessed by PET imaging with 18F-ML-10.Two-sample t test was used.Results The non-corrected radiochemical yield of 18F-ML-10 was (26.5±7.3)％ with acceptable quality.The radiochemical purity exceeded 99％.18F-ML-10 was excreted through the kidneys,and the radiouptake in the blood was declined rapidly.The radiotracer accumulation was low in most of other organs.The testis showed a significant uptake.The SUVmean and SUVmax after radiotherapy (5.54±2.72 and 7.29±3.09) were significantly higher than the baseline values(3.81±1.13 and 4.97±1.05;t=2.670,2.663,both P＜0.05).The GTV after radiotherapy was significantly lower than the baseline value:(13.14±9.39) cm3 vs (23.34± 18.13) cm3;t =3.002,P＜0.05.Conclusions 18F-ML-10 could be synthesized reliably and repeatedly by domestic synthesis module.It has satisfactory properties in vivo and is probably suitable for early assessment of the response to radiotherapy in patients with brain metastasis.

Purpose The main purposes of our research were to: 1. set up the method of the RGDHirudin microsphere preparation; 2. set up the method to test the activity and the content of the medicine contained in the microsphere; 3. analyse the key factors on the quality of the microsphere preparation. Methods Co-poly lactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) microsphere was prepared by a modified solvent evaporation method by a double emulsion with the use of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) as emulsification; PLGA was used as biodegradable material and dichloromethane as organic solvent. The influence of formulation factors including the W1/O on microsphere diameter distribution and yield coefficient;PVA concentration on microsphere appearance, encapsulation and yield coefficient; ultrasound on spherulization average and medicine activity; stirring speed on spherulization average and microsphere appearance; PLGA on microsphere appearance and microsphere dispersity; concentration of NaCl on encapsulation efficiency, yield coefficient and medicine content etc were studied. Results The size of all the fabricated microsphere was measured according to the several factors that affect the particle size. The average diameter was 81.38 μm, which is good for further research. The medicine content and the percent yield of all the microsphere was high, which ranged from 83. 92% - 96. 3% and 79.93% - 95.05% respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was about 23.95% - 65. 13%. We found that the concentration of the NaCl and PVA were the very important factors to the encapsulation efficiency. Physiological activity of RGD-Hirudin containing in the microsphere and the release rate of the microsphere were controlled. Furthermore, the release rate was stable. Conclusions The physiologic activity of RGD-Hirudin released from the microspheres was stable. PLGA-RGD-Hirudin microspheres were controlled released by the in vitro studies. Therefore, the in vivo experiment was well grounded.

Objective To establish a close clinical and easy to operate animal artery bypass grafting model by using vascular anastomosis wheel.Methods 15 rabbits that weighted 2.5-3.5 kg were studied.Each animal underwent an end-toend anastomosis of jugular vein and carotid artery by vascular anastomosis wheel.Carotid ultrasound and flow detection were taken immediately and 2 months after surgery respectively,as well as morphology and pathology were recorded to analyze and evaluate the intimal hyperplasia of vein graft and arteriovenous anastomotic site.Results 14 rabbits were successfully established CABG model,however 1 rabbit died of respiratory inhibition caused of excessive anesthesia.Compared with normal carotid artery,the vein bridge showed significantly lower blood flow [(50.81 ± 1.33) ml/min vs.(70.59 ± 0.68) ml/min,P ＜0.01,higher PI(2.15 ±0.07vs.1.22 ±0.04,P ＜0.01)] immediately after surgery.Compared with the vein grafts immediately after surgery,the vein grafts 2 months after surgery showed significantly lower blood flow [(27.46 ± 2.15) ml/min vs.(50.81 ± 1.33) ml/min,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with normal jugular vein,the vein grafts 2 months after surgery showed significantly higher intimal hyperplasia[(160.30 ± 1.78) μm vs.(49.06 ± 2.76) μm,P ＜ 0.01],and higher number of elastic plates(12.36 ± 0.25vs.3.21 ± 0.15,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The use of vascular anastomosis wheel to establish an artery bypass graft model can imitate the pathological changes of vein grafts after CABG,which can provide an ideal animal model for various researches on vein grafts.

OBJECTIVETo establish a simple extraction, isolation and purification method for ginkgolide B from ginkgo leaf.

METHODThe optimum conditions of extraction, isolation and purification were studied by taking the transfer rate of ginkgolide B as index.

RESULTGinkgo leaf was extracted with 70% ethanol for three times, the extracts were concentrated to remove ethanol and diluted by water till the crude drug density reached 0.1 g x mL(-1). The dilution was adsorbed with HPD-450 macroporous resin. The impurities were eluted with 20% ethanol and ginkgolide B was eluted with 80% ethanol. Then the 80% ethanol eluant was concentrated and crystallized. Finally the crude crystals were recrystallized with isopropanol. The purity of the ginkgolide B recrystallization was 95%.

CONCLUSIONThe process was stable and easy to operate, which was suited to industrialized production.

Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Ginkgolides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Lactones ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

Background: Vocal cord polyps are commonly encountered in the otorhinolaryngology department. The risk of anesthesia is high in patients with large vocal cord polyps. Awake intubation with appropriate airway tools provides a favorable safety profile.Case: We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient who had been suffering from a large vocal cord polyp for 16 years. Electronic laryngoscopy revealed that the vocal cord polyp was approximately 1.5 cm in diameter. The polyp had a pedicle and demonstrated synchronous motion with respiratory excursion. It covered almost the entire glottic area during inspiration and moved away from the glottis during expiration. A Disposcope endoscope was used for awake tracheal intubation, and the surgery was completed successfully. Conclusions The Disposcope endoscope can be a useful option for awake orotracheal intubation in cases of anticipated difficult intubation and difficult facemask ventilation.

Background and purpose:Endoscopic treatment is a promising therapeutic option for superifcial lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract, this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic resection (ER) using the new Duette multiband mucosectomy kit (DT-6) on treating esophageal disease. Methods:Since Jun. 2011, ER using DT-6 has been performed on 100 patients in a tertiary medical center. Data from those who have been followed up for over 6 months was analyzed. ER and esophagectomy were compared on treating high grade dysplasia (HGD) lesions and early esophageal cancer. Results:From Jun. 2011 to Jan. 2012, a total of 32 patients with esophageal lesions underwent 34 ER using DT-6 (22 male and 10 female, mean age 59.0 years, range 25 to 83 years). There were (3.4±1.0) specimen resected per operation, and the average greatest diameter was (11.8±2.7)mm. Intraoperative blood loss was (5.45±1.47)mL. The median follow-up period was 8.2 months with a 100%half-year-follow-up rate. Except one pneumothorax occurred during one endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), no other complications happened. When Comparing ER and esophagectomy on treating HGD and early esophageal cancer, ER showed advantages in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay and complications. Conclusion:ER using DT-6 is safe, simple, minimally invasive and effective for esophageal disease. Prospective study and long follow-up are needed to compare endoscopic resection and esophagectomy for HGD and early esophagus cancer.