Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)is a powerful tool for routine identification of a variety of microorganisms,including bacteria,yeast and filamentous fungi.Fast,accurate, high-throughput and low-cost characteristics,and gradually used for filamentous fungal infection in the laboratory diagnosis. In the MALDI-TOF MS analysis of filamentous fungi,from sample preparation to obtaining accurate identification results, each step determines whether the medical technician can provide accurate results for the clinician.This review will provide a systematic overview of the applications and prospects of filamentous fungal analysis (including identification,typing,and an-tifungal susceptibility testing)from preparation of the test sample to the MALDI-TOF MS technique,as well as a review of some of its future developments.

Background and purpose: With the application of laparoscopy in the liver surgery increasingly widely used, the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection is gaining recognition gradually. This study aimed to explore the laparoscopic liver resection for the tumor and the feasibility of open liver tumor resection and clinical curative effect. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data from 37 cases of laparoscopic hepatectomy and 74 patients with open liver resection from Mar. 2015 to Mar. 2016. Measurement data by covariance analysis were obtained, and comparison between groups were made using independent sample with Wilcoxon rank test and statistical value of Z. We collected data including operation time, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative recovery time of gastrointestinal tract, surgical drainage tube after extubation time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, hospitalization expenses and other clinical data. Laparoscopic group had 20 males and 17 female aged 18 to 76 (median age 55). Open group had 42 males and 32 females aged 26 to 74 (median age 54). The hepatectomy included ultrasonic knife + unipolar electric coagulation, combined with laparoscopic incision suture. Surgery procedures included 13 cases of local excision in laparoscopic group and 24 cases of liver segment or lobe anatomical resection. Open group had 33 cases of local excision and 41 cases of liver segment or lobe anatomical resection. Results: The average duration of laparoscopic hepatectomy was 149 min (40-204 min). The average duration of open hepatectomy was 142 min (45-190 min). The average intra-operative blood loss was 220 mL (30-570 mL) in laparoscopic group and 360 mL (90-970 mL) in open group. The average length of hospital stay was 4.9 d (3-6 d) in laparoscopic group and 6.8 d (5-9 d) in open group. Gastrointestinal average recovery time was 1.1 days in laparoscopic group and 2.3 days in open group. The average hospitalization expenses were 38760 yuan in laparoscopic group and 39145 yuan in open group. Conclusion:Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive surgery, can be safely used in local, liver segment and half liver resection, worthy of promotion.

Objective:To compare laparoscopic versus laparotomy in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM).Methods:The clinical data of 78 consecutive patients with CRLM operated at Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from April 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 52 males and 26 females. The average was (56.8±9.9) years. The patients were divided into the laparoscopic group ( n=26) and laparotomy groups ( n=52). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, extent of hepatectomy, postoperative liver function and complications were compared between the two groups. The follow-up data was used to compare the long-term survival outcomes. Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume and extent of hepatectomy ( P>0.05). The percentage of patients who underwent preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the laparotomy group was significant higher, and the diameter of liver metastasis was significantly larger than that in the laparoscopic group ( P<0.05). On day 1 after operation, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the laparoscopic group were (502.2±115.3) U/L and (570.4±132.4) U/L, respectively, which were significantly better than those in the laparotomy group (683.9±150.1) U/L and (739.5±230.2) U/L, respectively ( P<0.05). On day 3 after operation, the ALT and AST levels in the laparoscopic group were (263.3±83.3) U/L, (271.4±87.3) U/L, which were still significantly superior than those in the laparotomy group (410.8±128.4) U/L and (489.1±125.6) U/L ( P<0.05). Complications occurred in 4 patients (15.4%) in the laparoscopic group and 19 patients (36.5%) in the laparotomy group, the difference was significant ( P<0.05). The recurrence and extrahepatic metastasis rates of the laparoscopic group were better than those of the laparotomy group, and the survival outcomes were better than the laparotomy group. Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery was better than laparotomy surgery in the treatment of CRLM. Laparoscopic surgery should be further promoted.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different expression of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with the proliferation of MHCC97H human liver cancer cells in vivo and its mechanism. Methods: Human peripheral blood-derived monocyte was induced to differentiate into M2-type TAMs and was identified by flow cytometry. The co-culture model of TAMs and MHCC97H human liver cancer cells was established, and the expression of MAGL in TAMs cells was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of MAGL in TAMs cells was detected by plasmid transfection. ELISA and qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels and secretion levels of inflammatory factors in TAMs cells. The subcutaneous tumor model of MHCC97H mice was constructed to observe the effect of different expression of MAGL in TAMs cells with the proliferation of MHCC97H human liver cancer cells in vivo. F-test was used for the measurement of homogeneity of variance between two independent samples. A t-test was used for homogeneity of variance, and the corrected t-test was used for non-homogeneity of variance. Results: Human peripheral blood-derived monocytes were successfully induced to differentiate into M2-type TAMs. An in vitro co-culture model was established. qRT-PCR showed that MHCC97H human liver cancer cells significantly down-regulated the expressional level of MAGL in TAMs cells. The constructed subcutaneous tumor model of mice demonstrated that up-regulation up-regulation of MAGL expression in M2-type TAMs inhibited the proliferation of MHCC97H human liver cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, the mechanistic study illustrated that the high expression of MAGL promoted the transcription and secretion of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M2-type TAMs cells. Conclusion The overexpression of MAGL inhibits the proliferation of MHCC97H hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo, and its mechanism may be associated to the release of inflammatory factors that from TAMs cells.