Objective To investigate the clinical,MRI and pathological features of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor(PNET).Methods The clinical manifestations of 21 PNET patients were analyzed,the skull imaging examination were taken,including MRI with diffuse weighing imaging(DWI) and measured apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) of tumor and its edema zone before surgery.After operation,the brain tumor tissues were routine and immunohistochemical staining.The relationship between the histopathologic changes and ADC were analyzed.Results In the group,the age of onset of 11cases(52%) were below 20 years old.Clinical manifestation include headache,dizziness and vomiting(16 cases),visual disorder(5 cases),dysosphresis or epilepsy(3 cases).MRI showed single PNET lesion in all the cases and which located at each brain region,the most of them were located at frontal,temporal,parietal lobes(18 cases),and could growing to cross a brain region.MRI T1WI showed that the lesions were iso-signal and lowiso-signal in 15 cases,interspersed high signal in 6 cases.T2WI showed that the lesions were iso and high mixed signal companing capsule change and necrosis,4 cases with lighter tumor edema,5 cases with vascular air flow sign.The imaging enhanced tumors showed uneven enhancement,and 4cases with meningeal tail sign.The pathological examination showed that PNET cell form was main differentiated to neuron(10 cases) and neuroglia(8 cases).There was no statistical significance between ADC and different cell differentiation.Immunity histochemistry showed that the positive of NSE,Syn and GFAP were more offen.Conclusions In the group,the age of onset is below 20 years old.Manifestations of supratentorial PNET are intracranial pressure incresing,visual disorder and dysosphresis.MRI features are mixed isgnal,vascular air flow sign and meningeal tail sign in the tumor.The tumor edema is lighter.The tumor is differentiation mainly toward nerurons and neuroglias in the pathology.There is no positive relationship between ADC and types of tumor differentiation.

Objective To explore resting state network in patients with hepatic cirrhosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods 14 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and 14 healthy volunteers were included in this study.Modified Stroop task in Chinese character was used as target stimulus,block-design fMRI was used to acquire resource data.Group analysis(control epoch minus task epoch) was performed for both tasks in both groups.Results Comparing with controls,the patients with hepatic cirrhosis had abnormal deactivation mode.The absence of posterior cingulate cortex(PCC) and precuneus was present when performing incongruous word-reading task,deactivation of PCC,precuneus,and ventral medial prefrontal cortex were increased when performing incongruous color-naming task.Conclusion Cirrhosis patients have abnormal deactivation mode,the absence of PCC and precuneus is a sensitive not specific biomarker in detecting the brain changes of the patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

Objective: To observe HLA DR expression in different s tages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to study the clinic significan ce of the abnormal HLA DR expression in primary OSCC. Method: HLA DR expression was detected by immunohistochemistry method in 26 cas es of histologically normal oral epithelia, 8 leukoplakia, 32 primary focuses an d 12 metastasis focuses of OSCC. Results: HLA DR express ion in primary OSCC focuses was significantly higher than that in normal epithel ium( P 0.05). Conclusion: Although HLA DR expression is frequently obs erved in the development of OSCCs, it can not be regarded as one of the indepen dent prognosis factors.

Objective To assess the value in detecting the tracheobronchial tree invasion by central lung cancer (CLC)using MSCT axial images and 4 kinds of images post-processed techniques.Methods 38 cases with CLC identified by fibrobrochoscopy or operation were scanned using MX8000 scanner with slice thickness of 3.2 mm, overlapping interval of 1.6 mm, pitch of 1.0. Multiplanar reformation(MPR), shaded surface display(SSD), volume rendering (VR) and virtual endoscopy(VE) were performed in all cases. Two radiologists assessed the invasion of tracheobronchial tree by CLC together.The imaging findings were compared with the data of surgery in 12 cases who were undergone operation.Results 38 cases of CLC, 0 grade to Ⅳ grade were assessed in 0,8,14,11 and 5 cases respectively by MSCT axial images, while in 0,10,11,12 and 5 cases by MSCT post-processing images. The concordance rate was 75% for MSCT axial images(n=9), and 100% for MSCT post-processing images(n=12) among 12 cases performed operation(? 2 test,? 2=6.0,P

Objective To probe the biological effect of multiple intraepithelial injections of recombinant adenovirus-p53(rAd-p53)on inducing the apoptosis in patients with dysplastic oral leukoplakia.Methods 18 patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as dysplastic oral leukoplakia were recruited for this study.Intraepithelial injections of rAd-p53 were administered.Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the protein expression of p53 and bcl-2.TUNEL was performed to detect apoptotic cells.Results In the post-treatment patients,p53 protein expression were significantly enhanced(100 ％,18/18),yet bcl-2 protein presented low expression(17 ％,3/18).Statistical analysis revealed the expression of p53 protein had a negative correlation with that of bcl-2 protein(r =-0.837,P ＜ 0.01).15 post-treatment samples (83 ％)were detected obvious apoptotic cells,especially in the samples that were strong p53-positive(r =0.684,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Intraepithelial injections of rAd-p53 can induce apoptosis for patients with dysplastic oral leukoplakia.It may be a promising treatment for oral leukoplakia.

Objective Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a novel functional imaging tech-nique for assessing the property of the tissue vessel .This study was to investigate whether DCE-MRI can manifest the angiogenesis of pri-mary liver cancer in the aspect of vascular permeability so as to provide more objective diagnostic information for the evaluation of primary liver cancer . Methods Twenty-one patients with primary liver cancer underwent DCE-MRI.The region of interest ( ROI) was placed in the whole tumor, the hot spot of the tumor and the adjacent liver parenchyma .Tissue 4D software package was used for the post-pro-cessing of the DCE-MRI images, the quantitative parameters including transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (Kep) and tumor extravas-cular extracellular space volume (Ve), and such semi-quantitative parameter as the initial area under the contrast concentration versus time curve (iAUC). Results The mean Ktrans, Kep, Ve and iAUC values were (0.124 ±0.057)/min, (0.632 ±0.158)/min, (0.205 ±0.098) and (10.009 ±6.201) in the adjacent liver parenchyma , (0.196 ±0.109)/min, (0.546 ±0.214)/min, (0.424 ± 0.160) and (13.675 ±6.113) in the whole tumor, and (0.422 ±0.170)/min, (0.780 ±0.308)/min, (0.589 ±0.116) and (35.663 ±19.086) in the hot spot of the tumor .All the parameters were significantly higher in the hot spot of the tumor than in the whole tumor (P<0.05), and so were Ktrans and Ve in the whole tumor than in the adjacent liver parenchyma (P<0.05), but Ktrans, Ve, and iAUC were markedly lower in the adjacent liver parenchyma than in the hot spot of the tumor (P<0.05). Conclusion Analysis of the vascular permeability of the tissue using DCE-MRI parameters can indirectly reflect the angiogenesis of the tumor and contribute to the evaluation of primary liver cancer , while monitoring the DCE-MRI pa-rameters of the hot spots of the tumor may allow more accurate evalua-tion of primary liver cancer .

AIM: To study the effect of SCUBE2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer cells and its mechanism .METHODS:The expression of SCUBE2 in human colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116 and normal colonic cell line FHC was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot .HCT116 cells were transfected with GV144-SCUBE2 to over-express SCUBE2, and then the cell viability, migration, and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay , Transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively.The expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail),β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in the HCT116 cells was analyzed by real-time PCR or Western blot after transfection with GV144-SCUBE2 for 6 h, followed by the stimulation of 10 μg/L recombinant TGF-β1 protein for 48 h.Additionally, the EMT process of HCT116 cells, which were stimulated by TGF-β1, over-expressed SCUBE2, and treated with Wnt/β-cate-nin pathway activator lithium chloride ( LiCl) or inhibitor XAV93920, was analyzed by Western blot .RESULTS: Com-pared with FHC cells , the expression of SCUBE 2 in the HCT116 cells was significantly decreased .The viability and migra-tion ability of the HCT116 cells were suppressed by SCUBE2 over-expression, but the apoptosis was not markedly changed . Elevated expression of SCUBE2 increased E-cadherin expression, and decreased the expression of vimentin, Snail,β-cate-nin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 induced by TGF-β1.Treatment with LiCl blocked but treatment with XAV 93920 enhanced the effects of SCUBE2 on EMT.CONCLUSION:Over-expression of SCUBE2 may inhibit the cell growth and migration , and suppress EMT through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway .

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore further the mechanisms of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell recurrence, metastasis, and diffusion, as well as to establish the experimental basis for the molecular biology research on TSSC. We intend to complete our objective through differential proteomics and preliminary analysis protein expression of exosomes derived from TSCC and normal mucosa cells.

METHODSWe acquired cultured supernatant fluid in vitro in the laboratory by culturing TSCC (tongue cancer Tca8113 cell line) and human normal mucosa cells (HOK cell line). The exosomes were separated and purified through differential centrifugation. Furthermore, the different protein expressions were identified through dielectrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The functions of the different protein expressions were identified through an online database search.

RESULTSTSCC and human normal mucosa cells secrete a large amount of capsule bubble structure substances in vitro, as confirmed by electron microscopy and surface markers heat shock protein-70 and major histocompatibility complex class 1. A total of 16 oral cancer cell-derived exosomes that expressed quantity more than two times, twelve that increased their expression levels, and four that cut their expressions were identified through the differential proteomics research on the two groups.

CONCLUSIONDifferential proteins that were verified through the online database serve an important function in exosome formation and in the progress of cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of dual energy CT with Lung Vessels application in diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) of children.Methods Forty-seven patients with nephrotic syndrome and aged ≤ 18 years old (32 male,15 female,mean age 15 years) underwent dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA).Two radiologists recorded the presence or absence of emboli and counted the clots on a per-patient and per-lobe basis with Lung Vessels,respectively.With conventional CTPA as reference standard,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value (PPV),negative predictive value (NPV) of Lung Vessels application to detect PE were computed for two readers.Inter-reader agreement was also calculated.Results Conventional CTPA detected 51 clots in 35 lung lobes in 13 patients,giving PE incidence was 27.6％ (13/47) for this cohort.On a per-patient basis,readers 1 and 2 detected 25 and 21 patients with PE with Lung Vessels,corresponding to sensitivities,specificities,PPVs,and NPVs of 100.0％ (13/13),58.6％ (17/29),43.3％ (13/30),100.0％ (17/17) and 100.0％ (13/13),76.5％ (21/29),50.0％ (13/26),100.0％ (21/21),respectively.On a per-lung lobe basis,readers 1 and 2 detected 74 and 63 clots with Lung Vessels,respectively,corresponding to sensitivities,specificities,PPVs,and NPVs of 94.3％ (33/35),79.5％ (159/200),44.6％ (33/74),98.7％ (159/161) and 97.1％ (34/36),85.5％ (171/200),54.0％ (34/63),98.8％ (171/173),respectively.On a per-clot basis,134 and 105 clots were detected with Lung Vessels application,corresponding to sensitivities,specificities,PPVs,and NPVs for DECT of 96.1％ (49/51),64.9％ (159/245),36.3％ (49/135),98.7％ (159/161) and94.1％ (48/51),75.0％ (171/228),45.7％ (48/105),98.3％ (171/174)for readers 1 and 2,respectively.Excellent or good inter-reader agreement was observed on a per-patient,per-lobe and per-clot basis (Kappa =0.828,0.859,0.695 ; all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Dual-energyCT with Lung Vessels application has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for PE detection in children.More clots are detected with Lung Vessels application than conventional CTPA,which deserve further investigation.

The innovative experiment programs are important teaching reform for improving the students' innovating spirit and practical ability.The innovative experimental studies for medical students in preclinical stage include scientific research topic selection,information retrieval,experimental study and manuscript preparation.The innovative experiments stimulated the research interests,improved the comprehensive quality and promoted the learning of preclinical theories.However,the supporting rules,the assessment methods and the quality of teachers remain to be further improved in order to execute the programs more successfully.