Objective To evaluate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as treatments of secondary glaucoma after intravitreal silicone oil injection. Methods Forty-five cases(45 eyes) of silicone oil glaucoma (SOG) from June 2014 to April 2016 were enrolled and divided into two groups according random digits table. The SLT treatment group had 21 cases (21 eyes), and drug treatment group had 23 cases(23 eyes).Intraocular pressure(IOP)changes were recorded 1 d, 1 week, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months,4 months,5 months and 6 months after treatment.Results The decrease of IOP in SLT group was (11.47 ± 2.23), (11.27 ± 2.59), (10.43 ± 2.55), (11.93 ± 2.71), (13.75 ± 2.57),(13.93 ± 2.65),(10.45 ± 2.53)and(12.73 ±2.86)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).IOP of the control group decreased respectively (7.53 ± 3.29), (9.57 ± 3.49), (8.78 ± 4.21), (8.74 ± 3.86), (6.12 ± 4.41),(7.84 ± 3.26),(8.84 ± 4.25),(8.24 ± 3.56)mmHg.There was significant difference between the two groups 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months,4 months,5 months and 6 months after treatment (t = 4.17, 1.38, 2.89, 6.32, 3.89, 5.32, 5.19, P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions SLT is a safe and effective option for the treatment of patients with SOG.