0bjective To observe the different brain activation of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on healthy subjects and healthy subjects.Methods The different brain activation involved in heroin addiction between healthy subjects and addicts was detected by fMRI.Acupuncture point used in present study Was Zusanli (ST 36).Results Different brain activations between healthy subjects and addicts during electroacupuncture were hypothalamus(X0,Y2,Z9,t=7.36,P<0.01),anterior cingulate(X5,Y49,Z8,t=4.11,P<0.01),tempo-ral gyrus(X61,Y12,Z8,t=3.05,P<0.01).The difference of activated regions during conventional acupuncture between healthy subjects and heroin addicts was thalamus(X2,Y16,Z12,t=2.87,P<0.01),parahippocampus (X17,Y52,Z3,t=3.14,P<0.01),and hypothalamus(X0,Y2,Z9,t=6.98,P<0.01).Conclusion Regions with significant activation detected by fMRI are different during acupuncture in heroin addicts and in the healthy subjects.Notably,the hypothalamus activation is more robust in the addicts than in the healthy subjects during ac-upuncture stimulation.

ObjectiveAn out-thoracic paraaortic counterpulsation device(PACD) developed in the Reseach Center of our hospital was evaluated for its hemodynamic effects in an animal model with induced acute heart failure.MethodsEight healthy adult sheep with a weight of 38.5 to 54.5 kg were used as models for acute heart failure by snaring branches of coronary arteries.Thoracotomy was performed through the space under the left 4th rib.A Satinski clamp was used for partially clamping the descending aorta, and the Dacron vascular graft of out-thoracic PACD was sutured end-to-side to the descending aorta.The out-thoracic PACD used in this study had a blood chamber that was separated from the gas chamber by a movable polyurethane membrane .A stroke volume of 60 ml could be pumped when it was fully inflated.A 4F multipurpose catheter was inserted through the left ventricular apex for measuring and recording left ventricular pressures.A standard 40-ml intraaortic balloon was inserted into the descending aorta via the surgically exposed left femoral artery.Baseline hemodynamic data were collected after the model for acute heart failure was created without mechanical support.Mechanical support was randomly initiated either by the IABP or by the out-thoracic PACD in each experimental phase.Both devices were driven by the same console and synchronization with electrocardiogram was performed.Hemodynamic indexes and left carotid artery flow were calculated at baseline (device off) and during the period of 1 : 2 support for the 60-ml out-thoracic PACD and 40-ml IABP in the same animal.Baseline and support modes for devices were maintained for 15 minutes individually to ensure that a steady-state was achieved.ResultsBoth out-thoracic PACD and IABP resulted in a increase in the cardiac output (17.79％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.13.46％ with IABP, P =0.803) and the mean diastolic aortic pressure (29.48％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.15.01％ with IABP, P = 0.001).The use of out-thoracic PACD also led to a greater reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (35.09％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.15.79％ with IABP, P = 0.004).Meanwhile the out-thoracic PACD increased left carotid artery flow (14.52％ with out-thoracic PACD vs.6.70％ with IABP, P =0.006).No evidence of hemolysis, thrombus formation or major organ injury was identified during the experiment.ConclusionThe study indicated that a 60-ml out-thoracic PACD, which providing an improved mechanical circulatory support, was superior to a 40-ml IABP in the setting of experimental acute heart failure.This device may be used as a desirable alternative for the long-term mechanical support in patients with severe heart failure or those waiting for a heart transplantation, owing to its properties of low cost,easily to be implanted and removed, as well as a high biocompatibility.

Objective To evaluate the effect of cisplatin on analgesia with morphine in rats with incisional pain.Methods Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =7 each) using a random number table:normal saline group (group C),normal saline + Pglycoprotein inhibitor LY335979 group (group CL),normal saline + morphine group (group CM),cisplatin group (group S),cisplatin + morphine group (group SM) and cisplatin + morphine + LY335979 group (group SML).Cisplatin 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once every two days for 5 times in S,SM and SML groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in C,CL and CM groups.At 2 days after the end of administration,the incisional pain models were established.At 10 min after establishing the model,normal saline 2 ml was injected subcutaneously in C and S groups; LY335979 20 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein and normal saline 2 ml was injected subcutaneously in group CL; morphine 2 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in CM and SM groups; LY335979 20 mg/kg was injected via the caudal vein and morphine 2 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in group SML.Cumulative pain score was used to evaluate analgesia.Results Compared with group C,cumulative pain scores were significantly decreased in group CM,and no significant change was found in cumulative pain scores in CL and S groups.Compared with group CM,cumulative pain scores were significantly increased in group SM,and no significant change was found in cumulative pain scores in group SML.Cumulative pain scores were significantly lower in group SML than in group SM.Conclusion Cisplatin can weaken analgesia induced by morphine in rats with incisional pain through enhancing P-glycoprotein function in the blood-brain barrier.

Objective To evaluate antiangiogenic therapeutics effect with contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound.Methods Kun-min mouse with subcutaneously implanted H22 mice hepatoma were treated with thalidomide or placebo by oral gavage over 7 days, starting at clay 2 post-implantation.Contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound was performed on day 8.The tumor maximum cross-sectional area and non-enhanced area in ultrasound imaging were measured on the ultrasound machine.The percent of non-enhanced area from contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound was calculated.Immediately after imaging, minces were euthanized and tumor tissue removed for fixation in a 10% formalin solution.The section equivalent to ultrasound imaging plane was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE) to allow for assessment of maximum cross-section area and necrotic area.The percent of necrotic area from HE stained section was calculated.Results The difference of maximum cross-sectional area measured in ultrasound and pathology slice was not significant between control and treated tumors (P >0.05).Ultrasound measurement of the tumor non-enhanced area and the percent of non-enhanced area were significantly larger in treated tumors than in control tumors (P <0.001).The necrotic area and the percent of necrotic area measured from HE stained section were also significantly larger in treated tumors than in control tumors (P < 0.001).The maximum cross-sectional area determined by the two methods was well corrected (r = 0.815, P < 0.001).There was good correlation between the non-enhanced area in contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound and the necrotic area in pathology slides (r = 0.909, P <0.001).The percent of non - enhanced area calculated from ultrasound highly correlated with necrotic area estimated by pathology slides (r = 0.910, P <0.001).Conclusions Contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound can detect the intratumoral necrosis and changes of tumor perfusion caused by antiangiogenic treatment before apparent change in tumor volume.

Objective To evaluate MR relaxometry techniques and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the diagnosis of osteoporotic diseases in rats. Methods Thirty 3-month-old female rats were randomly divided (using completely randomized grouping method) into two groups (each contained 15 rats). Animals in group A without osteoporotic castration were included as normal controls, whereas osteoporotic castration was created in each animal in group B. Three parameters (BMC, BMD, Hbmdl)was measured for both groups by DXA at two time points, one immediately before the castration and another at the 12 th week after the castration. Then animals from the control group and the osteoporotic group went through the following three diagnostic procedures using a 1.5 T MR system: (1) A fast multi echo gradient echo (MEGRE) pulse train sequence with different inter-echo intervals (1000, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100) to obtain the T_2~* value. (2) A multi-echo fast spin echo sequence to obtain the T_2map. (3) A conventional spin-echo (CSE) sequence to obtain the T_1map. The statistical difference between group A and group B was tested by t-test to analyze parameters. And, the most significant parameter for diagnosis ofosteoporotic diseases was picked out from all parameters by Fisher Sequential diseriminant analysis. At the end of experiments, animals were killed and histopathological examination was performed on the femurs of animals from both control and osteoporotic groups. Results (1) Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of osteoperosis in all animals in group B. (2) BMD was picked out from 3 DXA parameters (BMC,BMD,Hbmdl) by fisher stepwise discriminant analysis, and its discriminant rates was 87.6%. (3) All 2-sample t-test results(t=6.20, 4.79, 5.18, 5.22, 5.59, 4.37, 6.14, 5.12, 5.09, 4.99, 5.57, 4.84, 4.07, 2.98, 6.75 individually) for MR relaxometry parameters(T_2~* 1000,R_2~* 1000,T_2~* 500,R-2~* 500,T_2~* 400,R_2~* 400,T_2~* 300,R_2~* 300,T_2~* 200, R_2~* 200, T_2~* 100, R_2~* 100, T_2map, R_2map, T_1map) showed statistically significant differences between groups A and B (P=0.01 for T_2~* map, P=0.00 for all other parameters) except the R_2map(P=0.07). (4) Using fisher stepwise discriminafion method in the analysis of 14 parameters of MR relaxometry techniques and 3 parameters of dual X-ray absorptiometry(T_2~* 1000,T_2~* 500,T_2~* 400,T_2~* 300,T_2~* 200,T_2~* 100,T_2map, R_2~* 1000, R_2~* 500, R_2~* 400, R_2~* 300, R_2~* 2OO, R_2~* 100,T_1map,BMC,BMD,Hbmdl), we found that the most significant difference was from the T_2map and T_1map. Conclusions The MR relaxometry parameter-T_2map in the present study is shown to be appropriate parameter for the diagnosis of osteoperotie diseases, and stability of magnetic field plays an important role in this process. It would be the optimal method to make a diagnosis of osteoporotic diseases with both MR relaxometry and DXA technological means.

Objective To assess the feasibility of anticoagulation therapy after mechanical valve replacement in grass-root health institutions.Methods One hundred and sixty one patients with mechanical valve replacement received anticoagulation therapy with warfarin,including 79 cases receiving the therapy in grass-root health institutions (test group) and 82 cases in the tertiary hospitals (control group).The patients were followed up for 12 months after operation;the rate of anticoagulation efficacy,the anticoagulationrelated complications,and the anticoagulation-related cost were documented and compared between two groups.Results The international normalized ratio (INR) tests were performed for 1 021 times in test group and 717 times were up to anticoagulation standard (70.2 ％,717/1 021),while INR tests in control group were performed for 965 times and 688 times were up to standard (71.3％,688/965);there were no significantly differences in efficacy rate between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in rate of bleeding events and thrombosis between two groups [16.5％ (13/79) vs.12.2％ (10/82),6.3％(5/79) vs.4.9％(4/82),respectively,x2 =0.596,P=0.44,x2 =0.161,P=0.69].The anticoagulation-related cost per month and per patient in test group was significantly lower than those in control group [(63.1 ±.12.8) vs.(176.6 ± 16.4) yuan,t =48.716,P ＜0.05].Conclusion Compared with the tertiary hospital,the anticoagulation therapy in grass-root institutions can accomplish the similar clinical outcomes and significantly reduce the medical cost in patients with mechanical valve replacement.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of swimming on motor behavior and expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and trkB in adrenal body.MethodsSD adult rats were divided into normal cotrol group and swimming group ( n=10 in each group).All rats in swimming group were subjected 6 weeks swimming for 1h each day.Motor performances including swimming speed and distance were recorded and expression of BDNF and trkB in adrenal body was measured.ResultsThere was a significant increase in swimming speed ( ( 157 ± 60) m/min) and distance ( (283.36 ±49.50)m) in swimming group,compared with control group ( (283± 60) m/min,( 156.92 ± 29) m) (P ＜ 0.05 ).Simultaneously,expression of BDNF in adrenal body had been significantly unregulated (0.93 ± 0.09 vs 0.56 ± 0.19 ) (P ＜ 0.05 ),while expression of trkB kept to be not changed.ConclusionSwimming increases notor ability in rats,and the possible mechanism may be related the upregulation of BDNF in adrenal body.

Serbia is a parliamentary republic country in Southeast Europe. It implements a health security system with social insurance as the mainstay and social assistance as a supplement. Ischemic heart disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease are the major causes of death, and the mortality rates of cardiomyopathy and chronic kidney disease are increasing. Serbia has relevant legislation on traditional medicine. Acupuncture, as the main form of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been introduced to Serbia in an early stage. Acupuncture was recognized as a legal medical method in 2005, and then the corresponding educational institutions of TCM were established soon. However, the limitation of acupuncture treatment application, difficulty in access to Chinese medicine, and undeveloped of TCM education system, all of them restrict the development of TCM in Serbia. It is recommended to improve the development and dissemination of Chinese medicine in Serbia, like to increase the promotion of acupuncture, pay attention to the Chinese medicine for preventive health care, and strengthen TCM education.

Area Under Curve ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Population Characteristics ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Progesterone ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Objective To investigate the effects of Rapamycin and mammalian target of rapamycin - small in-terfering RNA (mTOR siRNA)on the proliferation,apoptosis and collagen Ⅰ(COLⅠ),collagen Ⅲ(COLⅢ)and fi-bronectin(FN)in premature rats lung fibroblasts exposed to hyperoxia. Methods 900 mL/ L volume fraction of oxygen was used to establish hyperoxia - damaged cell models,and the premature rats lung fibroblasts were divided into air control group,hyperoxia group,hyperoxia + rapamycin group and mammalian target of rapamycin - small interfering RNA transfection group. Cell proliferation was assessed by using 3 -(4,5 - Dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl)- 2,5 - dipheny-ltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis were detected by Annexin V - FITC and propidium lodide (PI)double staining. The expressions of COLⅠ,COLⅢ and fibronectin was assessed by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Bcl - 2,P53 and pro - fibrotic factors of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and transforming growth factor β(TGF - β)by using Western blot. Results Compared with the air control group,the proliferation of lung fibroblasts decreased and the apoptosis increased in the hyperoxia group,while the contents of COLⅠ(28. 30 ± 0. 53 vs. 17. 43 ±0. 37),COLⅢ(27. 86 ± 1. 02 vs. 17. 43 ± 0. 37)and fibronectin(32. 87 ± 0. 42 vs. 21. 57 ± 0. 47),P53(0. 810 ± 0. 119 vs. 0. 160 ± 0. 018),TGF - β(0. 580 ± 0. 108 vs. 0. 210 ± 0. 008)and CTGF(0. 590 ± 0. 017 vs. 0. 220 ± 0. 007)were also increased but the expression of Bcl - 2(0. 150 ± 0. 004 vs. 0. 600 ± 0. 130)protein was decreased, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0. 01). Compared with the hyperoxia group,the proliferation of lung fibroblasts was increased in the hyperoxia + rapamycin group,but the apoptosis was decreased,the contents of COLⅠ(23. 17 ± 0. 60 vs. 28. 30 ± 0. 53),COLⅢ(17. 09 ± 0. 58 vs. 27. 86 ± 1. 02)and fibronectin(28. 11 ± 0. 68 vs. 32. 87 ± 0. 42),P53(0. 430 ± 0. 008 vs. 0. 810 ± 0. 119),TGF - β(0. 380 ± 0. 008 vs. 0. 580 ± 0. 108)and CTGF (0. 040 ± 0. 006 vs. 0. 590 ± 0. 017)were decreased while the expression of Bcl - 2(0. 290 ± 0. 009 vs. 0. 150 ± 0. 004) protein was increased,and the differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0. 01). In the mTOR siRNA transfec-tion group,compared with the hyperoxia + rapamycin group,the proliferation of lung fibroblasts was increased,but the apoptosis was decreased;the contents of COLⅠ(15. 71 ± 0. 34 vs. 23. 17 ± 0. 60),COLⅢ (13. 85 ± 1. 36 vs. 17. 09 ± 0. 58)and fibronectin(20. 18 ± 0. 28 vs. 28. 11 ± 0. 68),P53(0. 300 ± 0. 006 vs. 0. 430 ± 0. 008),TGF - β(0. 150 ± 0. 002 vs. 0. 380 ± 0. 008)and CTGF(0. 140 ± 0. 004 vs. 0. 040 ± 0. 006)were decreased while the expression of Bcl - 2 (0. 460 ± 0. 012 vs. 10. 290 ± 0. 009)protein was increased,and the differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0. 01). Conclusion Rapamycin and mTOR siRNA can protect lung injury caused by hyperoxia and have a certain inhibitory effect on pulmonary fibrosis,and mTOR siRNA effect is more obvious,so the mechanism may be through the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway.