Objective:To study the triglyceride level changes with or without Diammounium Glycyrrhizinate(DIG)and the potential mechanism on alcoholic fatty liver cell model induced in vitro.Methods:MTT assay was used to screen the optimal concentration of ethanol and DIG injection.Ultra-microstructure was observed under transmission electron microscope.Intracellular triglyceride concentration was measured by hol-automatic biochemistry.Expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR?),sterol regulatory element binding protein-1(SREBP-1)and SREBP cleavage activating protein(SCAP)were determined by immunocyto-chemistry(ICC).Results:1.The screened optimal DIG concentration was 2.273?g/ml.2.Masses of lipid droplets in cytoplasm were observed under transmission electron microscope.3.Hol-automatic biochemistry measured intracellular triglyceride concentration to be(1.84?0.16)mmol/L and(1.05?0.12)mmol/L respectively in Ld30 group and DIG group,and the difference was statistically significant(P

The bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD),one of the most common complications in prema-ture infants,has become one of the most difficult problems in neonatal intensive care unit. The molecular mecha-nism of BPD is extremely complicated,of which the pathogenesis process requires the participation of many sig-nal transduction pathways. This article summarizes the probable relationship of mitogen activated protein kinases signal pathways,nuclear factor-κB pathways,transforming growth factor beta pathways,Wnt pathways,mTOR pathways with BPD.

Objective:To investigate the value of color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis upper gastrointestinal bleeding in portal vein hemodynamic changes. Methods: 96 cases of patients with liver cirrhosis were selected who were diagnosed in our hospital, according to the history whether patients had a gastrointestinal bleeding or not. They were divided into bleeding group(45 cases) and no bleeding group(51 cases). At the same time, we chose the hospital physical examination center of 42 cases of healthy volunteers as a control group, using color doppler flow imaging portal venous blood flow mechanics parameters, including diameter, average blood flow velocity and blood flow of portal vein(PV) and splenic vein(SV) and compare the data of the three groups.Results: Compared with control group, the patients with liver cirrhosis, the blood vessel diameter have increased whether bleeding or not. The average blood flow velocity is slower and PVF is larger, and the differences between them are statistically significant(t=3.579,t=3.670,t=4.750,t=3.951,t=6.116,t=5.371;P<0.05). Conclusion: The clinical application of color doppler flow imaging(CDFI) in patients with cirrhosis portal hemodynamic change is not only simple noninvasive, and there is important diagnostic value in the detecting parameters.

Objective: To study the right hemisphere function state of NLD children. Methods: Adapting tachistoscopic vision and Benton Revised Visual Retention Test (VRT), three groups involving 20 children each were studied. Results: Under the tachistoscopic vision, NLD children achived poorly in recognition of nonverbal stimulus; and they do worse also in VRT test, with more errors of omission and distortion. Conclusion: Compared with normal children, the function of NLD children's right hemisphere is relatively weaker.

0bjective To observe the different brain activation of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on healthy subjects and healthy subjects.Methods The different brain activation involved in heroin addiction between healthy subjects and addicts was detected by fMRI.Acupuncture point used in present study Was Zusanli (ST 36).Results Different brain activations between healthy subjects and addicts during electroacupuncture were hypothalamus(X0,Y2,Z9,t=7.36,P<0.01),anterior cingulate(X5,Y49,Z8,t=4.11,P<0.01),tempo-ral gyrus(X61,Y12,Z8,t=3.05,P<0.01).The difference of activated regions during conventional acupuncture between healthy subjects and heroin addicts was thalamus(X2,Y16,Z12,t=2.87,P<0.01),parahippocampus (X17,Y52,Z3,t=3.14,P<0.01),and hypothalamus(X0,Y2,Z9,t=6.98,P<0.01).Conclusion Regions with significant activation detected by fMRI are different during acupuncture in heroin addicts and in the healthy subjects.Notably,the hypothalamus activation is more robust in the addicts than in the healthy subjects during ac-upuncture stimulation.

Objective To study the changes of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen 1 (COL1) in newborn rat's lung tissue and the expressions of 4EBP1 (eukaryotic promoter) and P7OS6K (mammalian target of rapamyein pathway downstream target protein) after rapamycin and hyperoxia intervention,and to study the influence of mammalian target of rapamyein (mTOR) pathway on hyperoxic lung injury and the possible intervention methods.Method A total of 48 21-day-old neonatal rats were assigned into 8 groups (n =6),including air control group,3 d group (3 days after hyperoxic exposure),7 d group (7 days after hyperoxic exposure),14 d group (14 days after hyperoxic exposure),air + RAPA group (air + rapamycin),3 d + RAPA group (3 days after hyperoxic exposure + rapamycin),7 d + RAPA group (7 days after hyperoxic exposure + rapamycin) and 14 d + RAPA group (14 days after hyperoxic exposure + rapamycin).In the hyperoxic group,newborn rats were exposed to 90％ oxygen for 3,7,14 days respectively.The rats in the hyperoxia + rapamycin intervention groups received intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin and inhaled high concentrations of oxygen for 3,7,14 days respectively.Air ± rapamycin group received intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin for 3 days.To study the pathological changes of lung tissures after hyperoxia and rapamycin intervention,we used ELISA to detect the changes of TGF-β,CTGF and COL1 and Western blot to detect the variations of mTORC1,P70S6K and 4EBP1 expression.Result TGF-β,CTGF,COL1 levels at 3 days,7 days and 14 days after hyperoxic exposure (TGF-[β:33.7±2.8 vs.58.6 ±3.1 vs.98.8 ±1.5 ng/mg,CTGF:50.1 ±1.8 vs.68.7 ± 2.2 vs.94.4 ±2.5 ng/mg,COL1:471.9 ±5.7 vs.529.7 ±7.0 vs.556.4 ±8.5 ng/mg) were significantly higher than the air control group (TGF-β:25.5 ± 1.9 ng/mg,CTGF:41.7 ± 1.4 ng/mg,COL1:414.4 ± 8.9 ng/mg) (P ＜ 0.01).While the levels in rapamycin intervention group were significantly lower than all the hyperoxia + rapamycin intervention groups (P ＜ 0.01).The lung tissue pathological grades in 3 d + RAPA group and 7 d + RAPAgroup were significantly lower than those in the 3 d group and 7 d group (3.5 ± 0.8 vs.6.3 ± 2.3 and 9.7 ± 2.0 vs.14.0 ± 2.4) (P ＜ 0.01).The mTORC1,P70S6K,4EBP1 expressions in 3 d + RAPA group were lower than 3 d group (mTORC1:0.26 ± 0.04 vs.0.29±0.08,P70S6K:0.29±0.01 vs.0.31 ±0.08,4EBP1:0.31 ±0.06 vs.0.33 ±0.06) (P＜0.05),while the expressions in 7 d + RAPA and 14 d + RAPA groups were significantly lower than 3 d + RAPAgroup (P ＜0.01).Conclusion mTOR signal pathway may be involved in the repairing process of hyperoxic-induced lung fibrosis.Rapamycin can reduce the levels of TGF-β,CTGF and COL1 and inhibit the expressions of mTOR pathway downstream target protein P70S6K and 4EBP1,thus reduce lung injury atearly stage.

Objective To establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation (OLV) .Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.3-2.7 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each):conventional tidal volume(VT) group (group Ⅰ) and high VT group (group Ⅱ).All the rabbits were tracheostomized and a tracheal tube was inserted into the right bronchus for right lung ventilation in the two groups. VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group Ⅰ and at 12 ml/kg in group Ⅱ and the other ventilatory parameters were the same in the two groups (FiO2 50% , RR 40 bpm, I∶E=1∶2). Immediately before OLV(T0) and at 1, 2 and 3 h of OLV (T1-3), peak airway pressure was measured and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. The animals were sacrificed at 3 h of OLV and lung tissues obtained for microscopic examination.The lung injury was scored. W/D lung weight ratio was calculated. Bron-choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measurement of protein concentrations and neutrophil counts. Results The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3 in group Ⅱ and OI was significantly lower at T2,3 in the two groups than those at T0(P＜0.05) .W/D lung weight ratio and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly lower than those of the left lung in the two groups(P＜0.05).The peak airway pressure was significantly higher at T1-3, OI was significantly lower at T3, and W/D lung weight ratio, protein concentrations and neutrophil counts in BALF and lung injury scores of the right lung were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05). Conclusion OLV with VT of 12 ml/kg for 3 h can successfully establish a rabbit model of acute lung injury.

Objective To evaluate antiangiogenic therapeutics effect with contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound.Methods Kun-min mouse with subcutaneously implanted H22 mice hepatoma were treated with thalidomide or placebo by oral gavage over 7 days, starting at clay 2 post-implantation.Contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound was performed on day 8.The tumor maximum cross-sectional area and non-enhanced area in ultrasound imaging were measured on the ultrasound machine.The percent of non-enhanced area from contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound was calculated.Immediately after imaging, minces were euthanized and tumor tissue removed for fixation in a 10% formalin solution.The section equivalent to ultrasound imaging plane was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin(HE) to allow for assessment of maximum cross-section area and necrotic area.The percent of necrotic area from HE stained section was calculated.Results The difference of maximum cross-sectional area measured in ultrasound and pathology slice was not significant between control and treated tumors (P >0.05).Ultrasound measurement of the tumor non-enhanced area and the percent of non-enhanced area were significantly larger in treated tumors than in control tumors (P <0.001).The necrotic area and the percent of necrotic area measured from HE stained section were also significantly larger in treated tumors than in control tumors (P < 0.001).The maximum cross-sectional area determined by the two methods was well corrected (r = 0.815, P < 0.001).There was good correlation between the non-enhanced area in contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound and the necrotic area in pathology slides (r = 0.909, P <0.001).The percent of non - enhanced area calculated from ultrasound highly correlated with necrotic area estimated by pathology slides (r = 0.910, P <0.001).Conclusions Contrast-enhanced gray-scale ultrasound can detect the intratumoral necrosis and changes of tumor perfusion caused by antiangiogenic treatment before apparent change in tumor volume.

Objective To evaluate MR relaxometry techniques and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the diagnosis of osteoporotic diseases in rats. Methods Thirty 3-month-old female rats were randomly divided (using completely randomized grouping method) into two groups (each contained 15 rats). Animals in group A without osteoporotic castration were included as normal controls, whereas osteoporotic castration was created in each animal in group B. Three parameters (BMC, BMD, Hbmdl)was measured for both groups by DXA at two time points, one immediately before the castration and another at the 12 th week after the castration. Then animals from the control group and the osteoporotic group went through the following three diagnostic procedures using a 1.5 T MR system: (1) A fast multi echo gradient echo (MEGRE) pulse train sequence with different inter-echo intervals (1000, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100) to obtain the T_2~* value. (2) A multi-echo fast spin echo sequence to obtain the T_2map. (3) A conventional spin-echo (CSE) sequence to obtain the T_1map. The statistical difference between group A and group B was tested by t-test to analyze parameters. And, the most significant parameter for diagnosis ofosteoporotic diseases was picked out from all parameters by Fisher Sequential diseriminant analysis. At the end of experiments, animals were killed and histopathological examination was performed on the femurs of animals from both control and osteoporotic groups. Results (1) Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of osteoperosis in all animals in group B. (2) BMD was picked out from 3 DXA parameters (BMC,BMD,Hbmdl) by fisher stepwise discriminant analysis, and its discriminant rates was 87.6%. (3) All 2-sample t-test results(t=6.20, 4.79, 5.18, 5.22, 5.59, 4.37, 6.14, 5.12, 5.09, 4.99, 5.57, 4.84, 4.07, 2.98, 6.75 individually) for MR relaxometry parameters(T_2~* 1000,R_2~* 1000,T_2~* 500,R-2~* 500,T_2~* 400,R_2~* 400,T_2~* 300,R_2~* 300,T_2~* 200, R_2~* 200, T_2~* 100, R_2~* 100, T_2map, R_2map, T_1map) showed statistically significant differences between groups A and B (P=0.01 for T_2~* map, P=0.00 for all other parameters) except the R_2map(P=0.07). (4) Using fisher stepwise discriminafion method in the analysis of 14 parameters of MR relaxometry techniques and 3 parameters of dual X-ray absorptiometry(T_2~* 1000,T_2~* 500,T_2~* 400,T_2~* 300,T_2~* 200,T_2~* 100,T_2map, R_2~* 1000, R_2~* 500, R_2~* 400, R_2~* 300, R_2~* 2OO, R_2~* 100,T_1map,BMC,BMD,Hbmdl), we found that the most significant difference was from the T_2map and T_1map. Conclusions The MR relaxometry parameter-T_2map in the present study is shown to be appropriate parameter for the diagnosis of osteoperotie diseases, and stability of magnetic field plays an important role in this process. It would be the optimal method to make a diagnosis of osteoporotic diseases with both MR relaxometry and DXA technological means.

Objective To explore the effects of infusion per unit of weight on pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with cirrhosis who had accepted liver transplantation were retrospectively collected,including the age,height,weight,BMI,preoperative liver function,indexes during liver transplantation and the postoperative intake and output records in the first 5 days,and the emerging postoperative pulmonary complications (EPPCs) in the first 2 weeks were screened.The relationship between clinical data and new pulmonary edema and ARDS was analyzed.Results The incidence rate of NPPCs was 82.9 ％,in which the incidence rate of pleural effusion,atelectasis,pulmonary edema,ARDS and pulmonary infection was 60.0％,14.7％,8.6％,31.4％ and 10％ respectively.In the pulmonary edema group (n =6),the preoperative Child-Pugh score (9.3 ± 1.6),the total volume (2 667 ± 1 164) ml and the volume of unit weight (39.4 ± 19.0) ml/kg of plasma transfusion,the total volume (1 417 ± 376) ml of artificial colloid during operation,and the input of unit weight (53.2 ± 9.3 ml/kg) on the 3rd day after operation were significantly different from those (7.6 ± 1.9,1 753 ± 1 040 ml,24.2 ± 15.7 ml/ kg,2 347 ± 1 088 ml,and 44.6 ± 10.1 ml/kg) in the group (n =64) without pulmonary edema.Their P values in the order were 0.028,0.046,0.029,0.046,and 0.046.In the ARDS group (n =22),the plasma transfusion volume per unit of weight during operation (31.3 ± 20.4 ml/kg),the total balance volume equaled with the difference of input and output (1 504 ± 894 ml) and the balance volume per unit of weight (22.1 ± 13.1 ml/kg) on the first postoperative day and the total input volume per unit of weight on the third postoperative day (49.0 ± 10.1 ml/kg) were significantly distinguished with those (22.7 ± 13.4 ml/kg,910 ± 684 ml,12.7 ± 9.9 ml/kg,and 43.6 ± 9.9 ml/kg) in the group (n =48) without ARDS.The P values in the order were 0.045,0.003,0.001 and 0.042 respectively.Conclusion The incidence rate of NPPCs in the patients with cirrhosis receiving the liver transplantation is relatively higher.In order to reduce the risk of NPPCs,based on the hemodynamic stability during operation,the artificial colloids should be appropriately increased and excessive plasma transfusion reduced.In addition,the redundant input should be limited according to the weigh,in the first and third postoperative days.