OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature,diagnostic and therapeutic methods of ultimobranchial fistula and cyst of thyroid. METHOD: Four cases of ultimobranchial fistula and cyst of thyroid in our hospital were reported and the relevant literatures were reviewed. RESULT: The branchial fistula and cyst of four cases were adhered to thyroid,with unclear anatomical landmarks, the function of recurrent laryngeal nerve were bad before the operation in two cases. The nerve of four cases were retained, the function of thyriod and parathyroid gland were normal and no recurrence were found. CONCLUSION Ultimobranchial fistula and cyst of thyroid is rare and is easier to be misdiagnosed and wrong treated. Surgical excision is effective for it and recurrent laryngeal nerve should be protected when performing the operation.
Cysts ; Diagnostic Errors ; Fistula ; Humans ; Parathyroid Glands ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Thyroid Diseases ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical experience with endoscopic transnasal resection of nasal skull- base neoplasms, which involved anterior skull base, pterygopalatine fossa, nfratemporal fossa. METHOD: Clinical data from 73 patients performed on endoscopic transnasal resection of nasal skull-base neoplasms were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Total tumor removal was obtained in 54 cases, subtotal removal in 19 cases. In 16 cases of benign tumor, the postoperative survival rate was 100%; Malignancy in 57 cases, of which 16 patients were died, and half-year survival rate was 71.9%. CONCLUSION Endoscopic endonasal approach be able to fully reveal and re- moval of lesions involving the anterior skull base, pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa. The approach is feasible and safe.
Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nose ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Pterygopalatine Fossa ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective: To investigate the effect with its possible mechanisms of zacopride on vasodilatation of isolated coronary arterial rings in experimental rats.
Methods: The tension of vasodilatation of isolated coronary arterial rings of male SD rats was recorded by Powerlab and DMT system. The rats were divided into 4 groups: +Endo (vehicle) group, +Endo (zacopride) group and -Endo (vehicle) group, –Endo (zacopride) group.n=6 in each group. The vasodilatation effects of zacopride on KCl (60 mmol/L) and U46619 (10-6 mol/L) pre-constricted arterial ring were recorded; the effects of different agents on zacopride caused vasodilatation were studied.
Results: In both +Endo (zacopride) and –Endo (zacopride) groups, zacopride showed a dose dependent vasodilatation effect on coronary ring pre-constricted by KCl and U46619. The maximum vasodilatation effect of zacopride in KCl treated+Endo (zacopride) group was (90.15 ± 6.38) %, in U46619 treated-Endo (zacopride) group was (81.67 ± 4.97 ) %; the maximum vasodilatation effect of zacopride in KCl treated-Endo (zacopride) group was (85.48±5.04) %, in U46619 treated–Endo (zacopride) group was (79.65 ± 3.51) %, compared to each corresponding vehicle group, allP<0.05. The inhibitor of IK1 channel, BaCl2 could signiifcantly reduce the vasodilatation effect of zacopride in KCl and U46619 pre-constricted coronary ring,P<0.05. However, the inhibitor of eNOS (L-NAME), the blocker of KCa channel (TEA), blocker of Kv channel (4-AP) and blocker of KATP channel (Glib) had no such signiifcant effects, allP>0.05.
Conclusion: Zacopride had vasodilatation effect on coronary arterial ring which was pre-constricted by KCl and U46619, which might be related to the channel of IK1.

Aim To study the vasodilation of MS23,a brand new phosphodiesteras inhibitor,on contractions induced by various stimuli in rings of arteries isolated from rat different organs.Method Tension of aortic and microvessel rings were recorded isometrically by PowerLab and DMT system respectively.Results MS23 concentration-dependently shifted the noradrenaline(NA)-induced concentration-contraction curves rightward in a non-parallel manner with the maximal contraction depressed by 74.7%.MS23 and aminophylline(Ami) produced concentration-dependent relaxation on KCl or NA-induced precontraction.Endothelium deprivation and NO synthesis inhibition induced by L-NAME failed to affect the relaxation.MS23 and Ami relaxed KCl-induced precontraction of rat coronary,middle cerebral,renal and mesenteric arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner,and showed no organ preference in this respect.Conclusion MS23 antagonizes and relaxes contractions induced by various stimuli in the rings of arteries isolated from different organs of rat without marked preference among the organ origin of artery and stimuli.The vasorelaxation induced by MS23 is related neither to endothelium nor to nitric oxide synthesis.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Erchentang combined with Sanzi Yangqintang in the treatment of cough variant asthma （CVA） in children with phlegm-evil accumulation lung syndrome and its influence on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness （AHR）. Method:A total of one hundred and sixteen children were randomly divided into observation group and control group 58 cases in each group. Patients in both groups took montelukast sodium chewable tablets orally， 5 mg/time， once daily， at night before bedtime. In observation group， patients took Erchentang and Sanzi Yangqintang modified granules orally. While patients in control group took Erchentang and Sanzi Yangqintang placebo granules orally. Treatment course continued six weeks for two groups. Before and after treatment， the cough symptom scores and phlegm evil accumulating lung syndrome scores were recorded every week. The cough remission time and cough disappearance time were recorded， followed up for 24 weeks to record cough recurrence. Leicester Cough quality of life questionnaire （LCQ） was scored before and after treatment. The ratio of induced sputum eosinophils （EOS） and the levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， IL-5， IL-12， IL-13 were measured before and after treatment. The cumulative doses of exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO） and methacholine （PD20） were measued before and after therapy. Safety evaluation was conducted. Result:The scores of cough symptom and phlegm-evil accumulation lung syndrome at different time points were decreased gradually in two groups of children after treatment （F_{control group}=5.277， F_{observation group}=7.636，P<0.01）. The scores of cough symptom and phlegm-evil accumulation in the lung syndrome of observation group were lower than those in control group （P<0.01） at the same period. The durations of cough relief and cough disappearance in observation group were shorter than those in control group （P<0.01）. Within 24 weeks of follow-up， the recurrence rate of children in observation group was 68.97% （40/58）， lower than 84.48% （49/58） in control group （χ²=3.917，P<0.05）. Children in observation group had fewer relapses than those in control group （P<0.01）. The total LCQ scores and scores of all dimensions in observation group were higher than those in control group （P<0.01）. The EOS， IL-4， IL-5 and IL-13 levels in observation group were lower than the data in control group， and IL-12 level was higher than that in control group （P<0.01）. FeNO of children in observation group was lower than that in control group （P<0.01）， while PD20 was more than that of control group （P<0.01）. The total effective rate of clinical curative effect of children in observation group was 96.55% （56/58）， which was higher than 82.76% （48/58） in control group （χ²=5.948，P<0.05）. Conclusion:Erchentang combined with Sanzi Yangqintang for children with CVA phlegm evil accumulation lung syndrome can further control the symptoms of cough， shorten the course of cough， improve the quality of life， and reduce airway inflammation and AHR， reduce the recurrence rate. The clinical efficacy is better than using montelukast only， and it is safe and has good clinical value.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of mild hypothermia on cerebral oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure, pH and body temperature (PbrO2, PbrCO2, pHbr and BT) in patients with acute severe head injury.

METHODSThirty-eight patients with acute severe head injury were treated with mild hypothermia, meantime PbrO2, PbrCO2, pHbr and BT were monitored in order to study the changes of PbrO2, PbrCO2, pHbr and BT.

RESULTSIn patients with acute head injury, mild hypothermia obviously increased PbrO2, decreased PbrCO2 and CO2 accumulation and acidosis in brain tissue. BT was 1-1.5 deg. higher than rectal temperature (RT) after injury. The BT and RT were decreased when the patients were treated with mild hypothermia, but at the same time the difference between BT and RT was increased.

CONCLUSIONSIn patients with acute severe head injury the direct monitoring of PbrO2, PbrCO2, pHbr and BT was safe and reliable, and is helpful in estimating prognosis and mild hypothermia therapy.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Body Temperature ; physiology ; Brain Injuries ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Carbon Dioxide ; blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Oxygen ; blood ; Probability ; Risk Assessment ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the occupational exposure limit of dimethoxymethane (DMM) in workplace air.

METHODSLiterature research was conducted on DMM; information on its physicochemical properties, toxicology, and occupational epidemiology was collected. Upon analyzing these data, an occupational exposure limit of DMM in workplace air was proposed according to the guidelines and principles of developing occupational exposure limits for harmful factors in workplaces.

RESULTSA total of 165 air samples were collected from DMM manufacturers, 14 of which had a DMM concentration over 3000 mg/m(3), accounting for 8.48% of all samples. Compared with the control group, the exposed employees had a significantly increased incidence of discomfort symptoms when exposed to more than 6000 mg/m(3) DMN (P < 0.01).No significant differences in the constituent ratios of abnormal results in physical examinations were found between the exposure groups and control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWe recommend to set the permissible concentration-time weighed average to 3100 mg/m(3) as the occupational exposure limit of DMM in workplace air in China. This occupational exposure limit standard meets the relevant requirements of toxicology and occupational epidemiology, as well as fits well with our country's current economical and technological levels. This standard has high applicability in China's domestic settings.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; China ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure ; Methyl Ethers ; analysis ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Threshold Limit Values ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of osteopontin (OPN) splice variant mRNA, including the three isoforms OPN-A, OPN-B, and OPN-C, to explore its correlation with clinicopathologic features in gastric cancer, and to elucidate their role in tumor invasion and distant metastasis of gastric cancer.

METHODSThe expression of OPN-A, OPN-B and OPN-C mRNA were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in 66 gastric cancer tissues. The relationship between the expression of OPN-A, OPN-B and OPN-C mRNA and clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer was analyzed.

RESULTSThe expression of OPN-C mRNA in the gastric cancer tissue was 3.21-fold higher than that in peritumoral mucosal tissue, showing a significant difference between them (P < 0.001). OPN-C mRNA expression was correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, tumor diameter, lymph node meatastasis, distant meatastasis and had no correlation with differentiation grades. The low expression of OPN-C mRNA was correlated with long survival benefit (P = 0.03). The expression of OPN-A and OPN-B mRNA had no significant relationship with clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer.

CONCLUSIONSOne of the isoform of osteopontin (OPN) OPN-C mRNA is overexpressed in gastric cancer. The overexpression of OPN-C mRNA may reflect the progression and is associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer. OPN-C mRNA may have value as a prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer. However, the expression of OPN-A and OPN-B are not correlated with the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Disease Progression ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Osteopontin ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Protein Isoforms ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; mortality ; pathology

Objective: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in cytokine IL6, IL10 genes and the susceptibility to primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) of Shunde district in Guangdong Province. Methods: Patients from two hospitals in Shunde District of Foshan City were selected from October 2010 to October 2012. Case group inclusion criteria includedprimary liver cancer; local residents of Shunde or living in Shunde for more than 10 years. The control group inclusion criteria included: patients visited ENT, general surgery and physical examination department in the same hospital during the same period; Local residents or living in Shunde for 10 years and above. The control group was matched 1∶1 by gender, and age (±3 years old) with case group. A total of 306 subjects were collected. Questionnaires were used to investigate the information including demographic characteristics, PHC status survey and so on. The venous blood was collected from each subject to extract DNA, and to detect label SNP site and genotype. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in the control group by the goodness-of-fit χ² test. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between IL6 (rs1800796), IL10 (rs1800871, rs1800872)genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to PHC. Results: There were 264 males and 42 females both in the case group and the control group, with an average age of (55.84±11.49) and (55.83±11.67) years old respectively (t=0.011, P=0.992). The frequencies of IL6 (rs1800796), IL10 (rs1800871) and IL10 (rs1800872) genotypes in the control group were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which indicated the population was representative (all P values>0.05). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the AA genotype and AA+AC genotype of IL10(rs1800872), CC genotype increased the risk of PHC by 2.02 times (OR=3.02, 95%CI:1.21-7.56)and 1.89 times (OR=2.89, 95%CI:1.19-7.04)respectively after the smoking history, eating fish history, drinking history, chronic hepatitis B infection, and family history of liver cancer adjusted. No statistical association was found between SNP in cytokine IL6 (rs1800796) and the susceptibility to PHC (P>0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that people who carried CC genotype in rs1800872 of IL10 gene have an increasing risk of PHC.

Objective To investigate the expression of osteopontin ( OPN) splice variant mRNA, including the three isoforms OPN?A, OPN?B, and OPN?C, to explore its correlation with clinicopathologic features in gastric cancer, and to elucidate their role in tumor invasion and distant metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods The expression of OPN?A, OPN?B and OPN?C mRNA were detected by real?time reverse transcriptase?polymerase chain reaction in 66 gastric cancer tissues. The relationship between the expression of OPN?A, OPN?B and OPN?C mRNA and clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer was analyzed. Results The expression of OPN?C mRNA in the gastric cancer tissue was 3. 21?fold higher than that in peritumoral mucosal tissue, showing a significant difference between them (P<0.001). OPN?C mRNA expression was correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, tumor diameter, lymph node meatastasis, distant meatastasis and had no correlation with differentiation grades. The low expression of OPN?C mRNA was correlated with long survival benefit ( P=0.03) . The expression of OPN?A and OPN?B mRNA had no significant relationship with clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer. Conclusions One of the isoform of osteopontin ( OPN) OPN?C mRNA is overexpressed in gastric cancer. The overexpression of OPN?C mRNA may reflect the progression and is associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer. OPN?C mRNA may have value as a prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer. However, the expression of OPN?A and OPN?B are not correlated with the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.