Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different processes ofBaijin Capsule to treatment of mice with chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression.Methods Chronic unpredictable stress was used to establish depression mice models. Experimental mice were divided into the following groups according to body mass: model group, positive medicine group, artware one (traditional process) high-dose and low-dose groups, and artware (refining process) two high-dose and low-dose groups. All medication groups were given relevant medicine for gavage. By detecting the two behavior indexes, immobility time of swimming and tail suspension of mice, the anti-depression effects of traditional process and refining process ofBaijin Capsule were investigated. By detecting autonomic activities and body mass, tested medicine was examined for function state of central excitation and changing animal body.Results The times for automatic activities ofBaijin Capsule in the model and artware (refining process) two high-dose and low-dose groups were (138.27±40.70)s, (100.01±34.75)s and (88.15±30.62)s, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.01); the mice swimming immobility times in the model and artware (refining process) two low-dose groups were 668±19 and 705±24, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.01); the mice tail suspension immobility times in model and artware (traditional process) one high-dose groups group were (28.14±1.25)g and (26.43±2.58)g, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05); the mice tail suspension immobility times in model and artware (refining process) two high-dose groups were (98.29±36.90)s and (87.54±30.05)s. Mice tail suspension immobility time in artware (refining process) two high-dose group decreased,without statistical significance.Conclusion Refining process ofBaijin Capsule can effectively be used to treat mice with chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression, and the efficacy is superior to the traditional process.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the main active ingredients in the dried stem bark of Daphne giraldii Nitsche.Methods Severialchemical compounds like vladinol D, pinoresinol, daphneticin, daphnoretin, daphnetin, giraloid A and giraldoid B were isolated from the stem barks. The CCK-8 experiemnts were analyzed for the cytotoxicity study. The cells were divided into the control group, the model group and the treatment group according to random number table method. The control group and the model group were added with 50μl culture medium. Moreover, treatment group was added with different concentrations (50.00, 25.00, 12.50, 6.25, 3.12μg/ml) of the solutions of giraloid A, giraldoid B and daphneticin. Then, RAW264.7 cells were treated with 50μl LPS (4μg/ml) for 24 h in the model group and treatment group. Griess reagent was used to determine the amount of NO release, and the secretion of TNF-α was detected by ELISA kit.Results Cytotoxicity test indicated that giraldoid A (50.00μg/ml), giraldoid B (50.00μg/ml) and daphneticin (50.00μg/ml) showed noobvious cytotoxicity. Giraldoid B (12.50, 25.00, 50.00μg/ml) could inhibit the production of NO (271.86% ± 20.92%, 256.48% ± 20.92%, 199.31% ± 15.16%vs.358.62% ± 28.64%) and  TNF-α (647.87% ±115.79%, 618.42% ± 87.52%, 588.33% ± 87.94%vs. 1035.06% ± 58.29%) in RAW264.7 induced by LPS compared with the model group. Giraldoid A (25, 50μg/ml) could inhibit the production of NO (234.99% ± 34.28%, 167.36% ± 25.76% vs.358.62%±28.64%) and TNF-α (691.76% ± 60.37%, 534.01% ± 41.60% vs. 1035.06% ± 58.29%) in RAW264.7 induced by LPS compared with the model group. Daphneticin (12.5, 25, 50μg/ml) could inhibit the production of NO (283.89% ± 36.69%, 243.08% ± 48.19%, 225.92% ± 33.67% vs.358.62% ± 28.64%) and TNF-α (713.77% ± 121.96%, 670.62% ± 18.70% vs. 1035.06% ± 58.29%) in RAW264.7 induced by LPS compared with the model group.Conclusions Giraldoid A, giraldoid B and daphneticin exhi bited anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting the release of NO and the production of TNF-α in RAW264.7 induced by LPS.

Duck circovirus(DuCV),a potential immunosuppressive virus,was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)based method. In this study,a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of～35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40～60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders,growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 9. strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes,compared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank,ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs,with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes,Group I(the Euro-USA lineage)and Group II(the Taiwan lineage),with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species,including Duck,Muscovy duck,Mule duck,Cheery duck,Mulard duck and Pekin duck.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of consolidation chemotherapy combined with microtransplantation in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The clinical data of 45 elderly patients with AML in Suzhou Yongding Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. After 1 or 2 courses of induced chemotherapy, the patients achieved complete response (CR). Among them, 20 patients were given consolidation chemotherapy (single group), and 25 patients were given consolidation chemotherapy combined with microtransplantation (combined group). After 3 courses of treatment, the minimal residual disease (MRD), quantitative expression of WT1 gene and adverse reactions were compared between 2 groups; the quality of life before treatment and after treatment was evaluated by quality of life-BREF (QOL-BREF). The patients were followed up to November 1, 2020, and the median follow-up was 30 months. The overall survival and progress-free survival (PFS) were recorded.Results:The MRD negative rate and WT1 gene negative rate after treatment in combined group were significantly higher than those in single group: 60.00% (15/25) vs. 25.00% (5/20) and 52.00% (13/25) vs. 20.00% (4/20), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The recovery times of neutrophils and platelets in combined group were significantly shorter than those in single group: 10 (8, 12) d vs. 16 (13, 20) d and 14 (11, 17) d vs. 24 (19, 30) d, and there were statistical differences ( Z = 3.152 and 4.285, P<0.05). No adverse reactions such as liver and kidney abnormalities or gastrointestinal reactions occurred in 2 groups; and no specific graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurred in the combined group. The each item scores of QOL-BREF after treatment in combined group were significantly higher than those in single group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The 2-year overall survival rate and PFS rate in combined group were significantly higher than those in single group: 60.00% (15/25) vs. 35.00% (7/20) and 52.00% (13/25) vs. 25.00% (5/20), and there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 4.235 and 4.742, P = 0.040 and 0.029). Conclusions:Consolidation chemotherapy combined with microtransplantation is effective and safe in the treatment of elderly patients with AML. It can significantly improve the quality of life, and improve the overall survival rate and PFS rate.

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy between three-field lymphadenectomy and normative Ivor-Lewis two-field lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma METHODS: Clinical data of 375 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent three-field lymphadenectomy(3FL) or Ivor-Lewis two-field lymphadenectomy(2FL, Ivor-Lewis) in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center during 2013 were retrieved and collected from electronic medical record system. Ninety-one patients received three-field lymphadenectomy (3FL group), including 16 cases of intra-cervical gastro-esophageal anastomosis and 75 cases of intra-thoracic gastro-esophageal anastomosis, while 284 patients received Ivor-Lewis two-field lymphadenectomy (2FL group) with all intra-thoracic gastro-esophageal anastomosis. Short-term outcomes were compared between two groups, including postoperative anastomotic leakage, pneumonia and respiratory failure, chylothorax, reoperation and 90-day death. Total harvested lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes in each group were also compared. A total of 338 patients were enrolled into survival analysis. Survival curve was presented by Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSAs compared to 2FL group, the 3FL group had significantly higher ratio of N3 patients [19.8% (18/91) vs. 5.3% (15/284), P=0.000], stageIII( patients [58.2%(53/91) vs. 43.0%(122/284), P=0.007], and upper thoracic cancer patients [12.1%(11/91) vs. 3.5%(10/284), P=0.027]; also the 3FL group had more harvested lymph nodes (40.1±14.6 vs. 25.3±9.4, P=0.000) and more positive lymph nodes (3.3±4.0 vs. 1.7±3.2, P=0.000). With respect to pneumonia and respiratory failure, chylothorax, reoperation and 90-day death, no significant differences were found between the group (P=0.447, P=0.751, P=0.678, P=0.685). The 3FL group had a significantly higher incidence of anastomotic leakage than 2FL group [7.7% (7/91) vs. 1.8% (5/284), P=0.011], while its incidence of intrathoracic anastomosis leakage was 4.0% (3/75), which was not significantly different with 1.8%(5/284) of 2FL group (P=0.372). Median follow-up was 33 months. Overall 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 94%, 81% and 70%, while 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates of 3FL group were 90%, 73% and 66%, of 2FL group were 95%, 84% and 72%, respectively, without significant differences between the two group(P=0.135). Further subgroup analysis showed that no significant differences of postoperative survival in stage I(, II( and III( patients were observed between the two groups (P=0.541, P=0.511, P=0.402), meanwhile no significant differences of postoperative survival in patients with metastasis and without metastasis were found between the two groups as well (P=0.985, P=0.233).

CONCLUSIONSThree-field lymphadenectomy can be performed with acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality. The prognosis value of three field lymphadenectomy needs further investigation. Patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may have favorable survival through normative Ivor-Lewis two-field lymphadenectomy.

Anastomotic Leak ; etiology ; Antineoplastic Protocols ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; mortality ; surgery ; China ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; mortality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; adverse effects ; methods ; mortality ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the plasma protein binding rate of isopropylidene-shikimic acid.

METHODThe ultrafiltration was employed to determine the plasma protein binding rate of isopropylidene-shikimic acid. The plasma concentrations of isopropylidene-shikimic acid were measured by HPLC.

RESULTThe plasma protein binding rate of isopropylidene-shikimic acid with dog plasma at the concentration of 0.3, 0.15 g x L(-1) and 0.5 mg x L(-1) were (4.36 +/- 0.02)%, (4.12 +/- 0.19)% and (2.23 +/- 0.59)%, respectively. While the plasma protein binding rate of isopropylidene-shikimic acid with normal human plasma at the above concentrations were (11.23 +/- 0.01)%, (10.06 +/- 0.69)% and (9.72 +/- 0.59)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe binding rate of isopropylidene-shikimic acid with plasma protein is low.

Alkenes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dogs ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Shikimic Acid ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Species Specificity

Objective:The present study was designed to strengthen the education of research integrity, and to improve the awareness of academic misconduct and academic literacy of medical post-graduate students.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted with master post-graduate students of a university affiliated hospital, and statistical analysis on the education of research integrity and the perception of academic misconduct among the survey respondents was performed.Results:Academic master post-graduate students′ cognitions of the misconduct in scientific research process and overall academic misconduct were better than that of professional master post-graduate students, and there were significant differences ( P<0.05). The more times of participation in research integrity training, the better cognition of misconduct of scientific research process, research results publication process, and overall academic misconduct, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The education on scientific research integrity of medical post-graduates should be carried out systematically, while the content should be improved and the form should be enriched for scientific research integrity education, so that the medical post-graduates can have a deeper understanding of the code of academic practices, and an education model of scientific research integrity for medical post-graduate which is suitable for China′s national conditions can be gradually developed.

Amino-acid neurotransmitter system dysfunction plays a major role in the pathophysiology of depression. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of amino acids as a source of neuro-specific biomarkers could be used in future diagnosis of depression. Only partial amino acids such as glycine and asparagine were determined from certain parts of rats' brain included hippocampi and cerebral cortex in previous studies. However, according to systematic biology, amino acids in different area of brain are interacted and interrelated. Hence, the determination of 34 amino acids through entire rats' brain was conducted in this study in order to demonstrate more possibilities for biomarkers of depression by discovering other potential amino acids in more areas of rats' brain. As a result, 4 amino acids (L-aspartic acid, L-glutamine, taurine and gamma-amino-n-butyric acid) among 34 were typically identified as potentially primary biomarkers of depression by data statistics. Meanwhile, an antidepressant called Fluoxetine was employed to verify other potential amino acids which were not identified by data statistics. Eventually, we found L-alpha-amino-adipic acid could also become a new potentially secondary biomarker of depression after drug validation. In conclusion, we suggested that L-aspartic acid, L-glutamine, taurine, gamma-amino-n-butyric acid and L-alpha-amino-adipic acid might become potential biomarkers for future diagnosis of depression and development of antidepressant.
Amino Acids ; Animals ; Asparagine ; Aspartic Acid ; Biomarkers ; Biology ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Fluoxetine ; Glutamine ; Glycine ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Rats* ; Taurine

Objective:To explore the effect of functional electrical stimulation on cognition and on the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptophysin (SYN) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) using a rat model of vascular dementia.Methods:Ninety pathogen-free male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a placebo stimulation group and an electrical stimulation group. Both the placebo and electrical stimulation groups underwent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery to establish a model of vascular dementia. In the sham operation group the arteries were exposed without occlusion. Each group was then sub-divided into 3, 7 and 14 days subgroups with 10 rats in each subgroup. Beginning seven days after the surgery, the rats in the electrical stimulation group were given 30-minutes of stimulation every day while those in the sham operation group and the placebo stimulation group were given false electrical stimulation. After 3, 7 or 14 days the rats′ cognitive functioning was quantified using the Morris water maze test. The rats were then sacrificed and the expression of BDNF mRNA was measured using in situ hybridization. MAP2 and SYN levels were quantified immunohistochemically.Results:After 14 days the average latency in the placebo stimulation group was significantly longer than in the other groups. On the sixth day the average time in the target zone among the placebo stimulation group was significantly shorter than the other two groups′ averages. After only 3 days of simulation, the average expression of BDNF mRNA in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was significantly lower in the placebo stimulation group than among the others. After 7 days of stimulation the placebo group′s average was significantly lower than that of the sham operation group. The average expression of MAP2 had decreased significantly in the placebo stimulation group compared with the other two groups after 7 and 14 days of simulation. After 7 days the average expression of SYN in the placebo stimulation group was significantly lower than in the sham operation group, and after 14 days it was significantly lower than in the other two groups.Conclusions:Functional electrical stimulation may improve learning and memory in rats modelling vascular dementia through increasing BDNF, SYN and MAP2 expression levels.

Objective:To investigate whether it is by regulating interleukin 1β ( IL-1β) gene expression that androgen receptor (AR) in macrophages affects hyperphosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Methods:The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment was used to determine whether AR was bound to the androgen receptor element (ARE) sequence of IL-1β promoter in THP-1 cells. Whether the AR regulated IL-1β gene expression was detected by luciferase assay experiments. AR of THP-1 cells was silenced and transfected by lentivirus with vector or shRNA. Flow cytometry was used to select positive transfected cells THP-1ARsc (control) and THP-1ARsi (AR silencing) with fluorescent markers. Western blotting was used to detect AR protein levels of THP-1ARsc (control) and THP-1ARsi cells (AR silencing in monocytes). Macrophages MФARsc (control) or MФARsi (AR silencing) were induced by 50 ng/ml phorbol ester. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect IL-1β expression levels of MФARsc or MФARsi conditioned medium. The human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were cultured in MФARsc or MФARsi conditioned medium with phosphate (2.5 mmol/L final concentration of sodium dihydrogen phosphate), and Alizarin red S staining was used to analyze HASMC calcification degree. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of RUNX2 (osteoblast marker) and SM22α (HASMC marker), and neutralization assay was performed to test IL-1β-mediating effect of macrophages AR on HASMC calcification. Results:AR was bound to ARE sequence of IL-1β promoter and regulated IL-1β gene expression. The expression level of IL-1β protein in conditioned medium of MФARsi cells decreased significantly compared to MФARsc cells ( P<0.001). Compared with MФARsc conditioned medium group, HASMC calcium deposition in MФARsi conditioned medium group decreased significantly, RUNX2 protein decreased and SM22α protein increased (all P<0.05). The degree of HASMC calcification in the MФARsi conditioned medium+IgG antibody group decreased than that in the MФARsc conditioned medium+IgG antibody group significantly, and the degree of HASMC calcification in the MФARsc conditioned medium+IL-1β antibody group decreased significantly than that in the MФARsc conditioned medium+IgG antibody group; while the degree of HASMC calcification in the MФARsi conditioned medium+IgG antibody group and MФARsi conditioned medium+IL-1β antibody group decreased than that in the MФARsc conditioned medium+IL-1β antibody group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Macrophage AR regulates IL-1β expression by binding to ARE sequence within IL-1β promoter, and IL-1β mediates the effect of macrophage AR on hyperphosphate-induced HASMC calcification.