Patients with brain injury are often accompanied by emotional disorders, which can cause a variety of mental disorders, and mental disorders will continue to exist after rehabilitation, seriously affecting the ability of patients to adapt and integrate into society, greatly reducing the quality of life.Therefore, the research on the mechanism of emotional disorders after brain injury is of great significance to the clinical prevention and treatment of mental disorders related to emotional disorders.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a more intuitive and accurate research method for the study of emotional regulation, so many scholars have conducted in-depth research on emotional disorders after craniocerebral injury from different perspectives.In this paper, the functional MRI studies of emotional disorders were reviewed after craniocerebral injury in the past decade and most of the resting MRI studies showed that the mechanism of emotional disorders after craniocerebral injury is related to the imbalance of interaction among the resting default network, executive network and salience network, while the task MRI studies found that the amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and anterior Cingulate gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus played an important role in attention distribution, cognitive reappraisal, expression inhibition and other emotional regulation strategies, and the damage of these brain regions will cause corresponding emotional regulation disorders.In this paper, the neural mechanism and research progress of emotional disorders after brain injury were systematically reviewed, summarize the existing problems, and propose possible solutions from the perspective of resting and task state functional MRI.