Objective:To explore the relationship between the expression of long chain non coding ribonucleic acid (LncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (LncRNA SNHG1) and microRNA (miR)-143-3p in nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) tissue and clinical pathological features and prognosis.Methods:A prospective selection was made from 97 HSCC patients admitted to the Handan Central Hospital from March 2016 to March 2018. Surgical resection of HSCC tissue and normal mucosa tissue adjacent to cancer were taken, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of LncRNA SNHG1 and miR-143-3p. The patient′s survival status was followed up after leaving the hospital. We compared the differences in the expression of LncRNA SNlHG1 and miR-143-3p in HSCC tissues with different clinical pathological parameters, analyzed the correlation between LncRNA SNHG1 and miR-143-3p expression, and the relationship between LncRNA SNHG1 and miR-143-3p expression and the prognosis of HSCC patients.Results:The expression of LncRNA SNHG1 in HSCC tissue was higher than that in normal mucosa tissue adjacent to cancer ( P<0.05), and the expression of miR-143-3p was lower than that in normal mucosa tissue adjacent to cancer ( P<0.05). The expression of LncRNA SNHG1 in cancer tissues of HSCC patients with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage Ⅲ, low to medium differentiation, and lymph node metastasis was higher than that of HSCC patients with TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, high differentiation, and no lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05), and the expression of miR-143-3p was lower than that of HSCC patients with TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, high differentiation, and no lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). The expression of LncRNA SNHG1 in HSCC tissues is negatively correlated with the expression of miR-143-3p ( r=-0.522, P<0.05). The 5-year cumulative survival rate of HSCC patients with high expression of LncRNA SNHG1 was lower than that of HSCC patients with low expression of LncRNA SNHG1 ( P<0.05), and the 5-year cumulative survival rate of HSCC patients with low expression of miR-143-3p was lower than that of HSCC patients with high expression of miR-143-3p ( P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that TNM stage Ⅲ and high expression of LncRNA SNHG1 were risk factors for poor prognosis in HSCC patients (all P<0.05), while high expression of miR-143-3p was a protective factor ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The expression of LncRNA SNHG1 is upregulated and miR-143-3p is downregulated in HSCC tissues, with a negative correlation between the two, which is related to the malignant pathological characteristics and poor prognosis of HSCC.