Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety following the topical application of pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops with levofloxacin eye drops (LOFX) for bacterial conjunctivitis.Methods A multicenter,randomized,investigator-masked,parallel-controlled clinical trial was performed.Five hundred and twenty eyes of 520 patients with bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled from March to October 2008 in seven ophthalmic centers in China.The patients were randomized into trial group and control group in 3 ∶ 1 ratio with the 390 eyes in the trial group and 130 eyes in the control group.Pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops was topically used 4 times per day for consecutively 7-14 days in the trial group,and levofloxacin eye drops was used in the same way in the control group.Microbiological cultures for conjunctiva sac secretions and drug sensitive test were carried out before and at the end of the administration of eye drops.The signs and symptoms were observed and scored before treatment and 0,3,7 and 14days after treatment.The adverse events following the administration of the eye drops were evaluated and compared.Results The intention to treat analysis (ITT) showed that the cure rate was 59.38％ in the trial group and 60.47％ in the control group,with the effective rate 88.80％ and 86.05％,respectively,with an insignificant difference between the two groups (x2 =0.12,P =0.72).The clinically evaluable analysis (CE) exhibited that the cure rates were 63.48％ in the trial group and 63.87％ in the control group,with the effective rate 92.46％ and 88.24％,whichwas not significantly different between them (x2 =0.54,P=0.46).The modified-ITT analysis (mITT) showed that the cure rates were 60.57％ in the trial group and 62.07％ in the control group,with the effective rate 90.32％ and 88.51％,without significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Based on microbiologically evaluable analysis (ME),the clinical cure rates were 63.71％ and 63.41％ in the trial group and control group,and the effective rates were 93.44％ and 90.24％,respectively.There was no significantly difference between the both groups (P＞0.05).In the trial group and control group,the bacterial eradication rate was 89.42％ and 90.80％ based on ITT,90.11％ and 92.77％ based on CE,respectively.There was no significant difference in incidences of adverse events following the administration of the drug between the trial group and control group,including ocular tolerance,burning sensation,pricking and itching (P =0.34).Conclusions The effectiveness and adverse response were resemble between Pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops and LOFV following the topical application for bacterial conjunctivitis,which indicate that Pazufloxacin mesylate eye drops is effective and safe.

As the most efficient perception system in nature, the perception mechanism of the insect (such as honeybee) antennae is the key to imitating the high-performance sensor technology. An automated experimental device suitable for collecting electrical signals (including antenna reaction time information) of antennae was developed, in response to the problems of the non-standardized experimental process, interference of manual operation, and low efficiency in the study of antenna perception mechanism. Firstly, aiming at the automatic identification and location of insect heads in experiments, the image templates of insect head contour features were established. Insect heads were template-matched based on the Hausdorff method. Then, for the angle deviation of the insect heads relative to the standard detection position, a method that calculates the angle of the insect head mid-axis based on the minimum external rectangle of the long axis was proposed. Eventually, the electrical signals generated by the antennae in contact with the reagents were collected by the electrical signal acquisition device. Honeybees were used as the research object in this study. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of template matching could reach 95.3% to locate the bee head quickly, and the deviation angle of the bee head was less than 1°. The distance between antennae and experimental reagents could meet the requirements of antennae perception experiments. The parameters, such as the contact reaction time of honeybee antennae to sucrose solution, were consistent with the results of the manual experiment. The system collects effectively antenna contact signals in an undisturbed state and realizes the standardization of experiments on antenna perception mechanisms, which provides an experimental method and device for studying and analyzing the reaction time of the antenna involved in biological antenna perception mechanisms.
Animals ; Arthropod Antennae ; Bees

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODSFifty adults were selected and CBCT was taken. The CBCT data were reconstructed to evaluate the visibility, shape, diameter, length of the MIC and its relationship with mandible.

RESULTSMIC could be identified in 100% (100/100) of CBCT with good clarity in 71% (71/100). The diameters (horizontal diameter versus vertical diameter) of MIC became smaller from origin to end (left origin of MIC was 2.17 mm×2.22 mm, left end was 0.82 mm×0.92 mm; right origin of MIC was 2.14 mm×2.08 mm, right end was 0.87 mm×0.86 mm). The left and right mean length of MIC was 17.84 mm and 17.73 mm respectively. In bucca-lingual direction, MIC was close to buccal cortical border, and in vertical direction, MIC was close to lower margin of mandible. The distance from MIC to apex of root was shortest in canine.

CONCLUSIONSCBCT can identify MIC with high visibility and prominent clarity. In the interforaminal region of mandible, MIC was close to buccal and lower margin of mandible.

Adult ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Mandible ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging