Objective To explore the methods for the evaluation of the uncertainty of the determination of hardness in water. Methods A certain water sample was analyzed for the hardness according to EDTA-Na2 volumetry ruled by the Sanitory Standard for Drinking Water(2001).The mathematical model of the determination of hardness in water was established based on JJF1059-1999. The variance composition of the relative uncertainty was analyzed. The procedure of the evaluation of every uncertainty component was described in detail. Results The hardness in the water sample was 137 mg/L calculated according to mathematical model established in this study. The relative uncertainty and the expand uncertainty of the detection of hardness in the water sample were 0.008, 3 mg/L respectively. The expression of the uncertainty in the determination of hardness was (137?3)mg/L. Conclusion This method presented referable value for the evaluation of the uncertainty of volumetry determination method of hardness in water.

Objective To investigate the mandibular incisive canal (MIC)with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods Fifty adults were selected and CBCT was taken.The CBCT data were reconstructed to evaluate the visibility,shape,diameter,length of the MIC and its relationship with mandible.Results MIC could be identified in 100％(100/100) of CBCT with good clarity in 71％ (71/100).The diameters (horizontal diameter versus vertical diameter) of MIC became smaller from origin to end (left origin of MIC was 2.17 mm×2.22 mm,left end was 0.82 mm×0.92 mm;right origin of MIC was 2.14 mm× 2.08 mm,right end was 0.87 mm×0.86 mm).The left and right mean length of MIC was 17.84 mm and 17.73 mm respectively.In bucca-lingual direction,MIC was close to buccal cortical border,and in vertical direction,MIC was close to lower margin of mandible.The distance from MIC to apex of root was shortest in canine.Conclusions CBCT can identify MIC with high visibility and prominent clarity.In the interforaminal region of mandible,MIC was close to buccal and lower margin of mandible.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint.Methods From June 2019 to June 2022,15 patients with osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint underwent a combined procedure of trapezium excision,first carpometacarpal joint arthroplasty,ligament reconstruction,and tendon interposition.Surgical efficacy was assessed using X-rays,thumb joint range of motion,grip strength,pinch strength,and pain rating(VAS).Results 9 months postoperative follow-up revealed significant pain reduction,increased thumb range of motion,enhanced grip and pinch strength,with an overall surgical excellence rate of 86.7％.Conclusion Trapeziecotomy arthroplasty with ligament reconstruction and tendon tamponade demonstrates significant efficacy in treating osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint,effectively alleviating pain,improving thumb mobility,and enhancing hand strength.The method is simple and effective.

Objective To investigate the effects of Jianpi Yichang Powder on regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to inhibit dendritic cells(DCs)inflammatory injury induced by TNF-α;To explore its mechanism in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Methods C57BL/6 mice DCs were primitively isolated and cultured.The cultured DCs were randomly divided into the normal group,model group,negative control group,positive drug group and TCM group.DCs inflammatory microenvironment model was established by TNF-α induction.After corresponding treatments were given to each group,CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation ability,immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-1 in DCs respectively,Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in DCs.Results Compared with the normal group,the proliferation ability in DCs of model group significantly decreased(P<0.01),the positive expressions of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-1 significantly increased,the expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18,IL-1β protein and IL-18,IL-1β mRNA in DCs significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group and negative control group,the proliferation ability of DCs significantly increased in positive drug group and TCM group(P<0.01),the positive expressions of NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 significantly decreased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 significantly decreased(P<0.01).The cell proliferation ability,Caspase-1 positive expression,and IL-18 mRNA expression of TCM group were significantly higher than those of the positive drug group(P<0.05),while the mRNA expression of IL-1β was lower than that of the positive drug group(P<0.05).Conclusion Jianpi Yichang Powder can inhibit the inflammatory response of DCs induced by TNF-α,and its mechanism in the treatment of ulcerative colitis may be related to regulating the expressions of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway,including the expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-1β.