Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among college freshmen and analyze their influencing factors, so as to provide insights into the prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms among college students. Methods: The freshmen enrolled in a college of Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022 were recruited, and demographic data, diet and sleep status were collected using questionnaire surveys. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Factors affecting depressive symptoms were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 17 862 questionnaires were allocated, and 16 480 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 92.26%. There were 3 374 students of 2020 cohort, 7 038 students of 2021 cohort and 6 068 students of 2022 cohort, 6 029 boys (36.58%) and 10 451 girls (63.42%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms among freshmen was 41.37%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=1.482, 95%CI: 1.377-1.594), enrolling through the college entrance examination (OR=1.561, 95%CI: 1.384-1.809), depression history (OR=1.990, 95%CI: 1.513-2.618), abnormal marital status of parents (divorced, OR=1.197, 95%CI: 1.064-1.348; other problem, OR=1.401, 95%CI: 1.174-1.672), abnormal diet (mild, OR=2.883, 95%CI: 2.585-3.105; moderate, OR=6.755, 95%CI: 4.653-9.808; severe, OR=38.897, 95%CI: 12.200-124.012) and abnormal sleep (mild, OR=2.785, 95%CI: 2.593-2.992; moderate, OR=9.009, 95%CI: 7.011-11.578; severe, OR=29.281, 95%CI: 14.163-60.536) were associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms among college freshmen. Conclusion The prevalence of depressive symptoms among college freshmen is relatively high, and is influenced by gender, mode of admission, history of depression, parental marital status, diet and sleep.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of the anogenital distance (AGD) with cryptorchidism in male newborns.

METHODSThis study included 350 male infants delivered in two community hospitals between September 2013 and September 2014. Within 24 hours after birth, a pediatric surgeon measured the AGD of the neonates and determined whether they had cryptorchidism. According to the testicular position, we divided the undescended testes into three types: upper scrotal, inguinal, and non-palpable.

RESULTSTotally 39 cases of cryptorchidism were found in the 350 newborns. The AGD of the cryptorchidism infants was significantly shorter than that of the normal neonates ([2.01 ± 0.22] vs [2.35 ± 0.19] cm, P < 0.01), and statistically significant differences remained even when preterm and low birth-weight infants were excluded ([2.32 ± 0.14] vs [2.06 ± 0.19] cm; (2.37 ± 0.17) cm vs (2.12 ± 0.12) cm, all P < 0.01). The newborns with higher-position cryptorchidism had a shorter AGD, though with no significant difference (F = 0.434, P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the AGD between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism ([1.96 ± 0.13] vs [2.02 ± 0.17] cm, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShorter AGD is associated with a higher incidence of cryptorchidism in male newborns. AGD could serve as a potential biomarker for disruption of androgen action during the male programming window period.

Androgens ; physiology ; Cryptorchidism ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Perineum ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of the Artemisia annua plant-derived drug, artesunate, on proliferation of primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms of its anti-fibrogenic effects involving the inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-b1) expression and secretion in liver.

METHODIsolated, cultured, and activated primary rat HSCs were divided into sixteen groups, including one untreated control group and fifteen artesunate-treated experimental groups with 125, 150, 175, 200 or 225 mumol/L for 24, 48 or 72 hours. The rate of cellular proliferation was measured using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. TGF-b1 mRNA expression was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate secreted levels of TGF-b1 protein.

RESULTSArtesunate significantly inhibited proliferation of cultured HSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner (all, P less than 0.01). After 24 hours of exposure, the inhibition ratios of the various artesunate concentrations were: 6.06%+/-1.44% (125 mumol/L), 21.47%+/-5.57% (150 mumol/L), 42.00%+/-7.36% (175 mumol/L), 67.12%+/-4.55% (200 mumol/L), and 79.83%+/-3.67% (225 mumol/L). Artesunate significantly inhibited the TGF-b1 mRNA expression in HSCs, and the higher the drug concentration, the higher the degree of inhibition (all, P less than 0.01). In addition, artesunate significantly inhibited the expression of intracellular and secreted TGF-b1 protein (all, P less than 0.01). In response to artesunate (mumol/L concentrations), the TGF-b1 levels were (164.24+/-6.88) pg/ml (0μmol/L), (102.68+/-4.45) pg/ml (150μmol/L), (86.54+/-5.56) pg/ml (175μmol/L), and (56.55+/-5.66) pg/ml (200μmol/L).

CONCLUSIONArtesunate exerts anti-fibrogenic effects on HSCs in vitro, possibly by reducing the expression, translation and secretion of TGF-b1.

Animals ; Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of different factors (temperature, light and germinating beds) on seed germination of Codonopsis tangshen.

METHODThe general germination method was applied.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe optimum seed germination conditions of C. tangshen were as follows: temperature 25 degrees C, light, germinating-beds top of paper (TP) or between of paper (BP). The first seedling--counting time was the 10th day after beginning the test; the final time was the 18th day. The test also showed that gibberellin notably increased the seed germination rate of C. tangshen.

Codonopsis ; drug effects ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Germination ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Gibberellins ; pharmacology ; Light ; Paper ; Seeds ; drug effects ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Objective To understand the pathogenic distribution and epidemiological trend of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD),and provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods Children who were diagnosed with HFMD in a hospital between January and December 2015 were investigated,real time fluorescence PCR was used to detect enterovirus universal type EV,enterovirus 71 (EV71),and Coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) in specimens from children with HFMD.Positive rates and distribution of various types of EV among children of different months,genders,age groups,and infection types were analyzed.Results A total of 837 throat swab specimens from HFMD children were collected in 2015,380 (45.40％) of which were EV positive specimens.Virus typing showed that 110 (28.95 ％),7 (1.84 ％),6(1.58 ％),and 257(67.63 ％) were positive specimens for EV71,CoxA16,EV71 + CoxA16,and other types of EV.HFMD had a high prevalence since April,reached a peak in May-June,and remained high incidence in July-December.Positive rates of EV in children of different months were statistically different (P＜0.05).The age of onset was mainly in children under 3 years.Positive rates of EV and constitute ratios of different types of EV in children of different age groups were all statistically different (all P＜0.05).The positive rate of EV in severe HFMD cases was higher than common cases (65.34％ vs 27.06％,P＜0.001).The proportion of severe cases in children with EV71 infection and other types of EV infection were 90.00％ and 60.70％ respectively;children with EV71 + CoxA16 double infection were all severe cases.Constitute of EV types in children with different infection types was statistically different(P＜0.001).Conclusion In 2015,EV infection in hospitalized children with HFMD in this hospital was mainly caused by other types of EV (nonEV71 and non-CoxA16),the high prevalence season,high-risk population under 3 years of age,and severe cases should be paid high attention,prevention and treatment should be performed well.

Objective To observe the postoperative dynamic changes of body temperature (BT),C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count.Methods One hundred and two consecutive patients with surgically treated intracranial or spinal lesions,admitted to our hospital from July 2011 to February 2012,were chosen and divided into group A (non infection) and group B (infection) depending on whether postoperative bacterial infections (POBIs) were occurred.Evaluation of postoperative BT and CRP levels,as well as WBC count,was performed.Results WBC and BT levels would elevate in majority of patients with or without POBIs one day after the operation; the difference between the two groups showed no significant difference (P＞0.05).Elevation of BT and WBC levels was noted in 23.8％ and 21.4％ patients from group A and in 88.9％ and 83.3％ patients from group B five days after the operation,with significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).Similar results were seen seven day after the operation.Five and seven days after the operation,78 patients (92.8％) and 68 patients (80.9％) still had abnormal CRP level in group A.ROC curve revealed that better diagnostic performance five and seven days after the operation could be found as compared with that one and three days after the operation.Conclusion Elevation of serum CRP,WBC and BT levels can occur in patients with or without POBIs on the first three days of neurosurgical operation; persistent anomalies or secondary elevation could indicate ongoing infection,which needs attention from clinic.

Human-animal parasitic diseases caused by medical helminths are hazardous to human health. Genetic polymorphism studies on medical helminth populations can not only understand the biological characteristics and genetic structure of their populations, but also help reveal how they adapt to their parasitic environment, thus contributing to deepen our understanding of the epidemiological patterns of parasitic diseases and improve our understanding of accurate prevention and control of parasitic diseases. With the development of molecular biology, molecular markers such as DNA barcodes, simple sequence repeats, and single nucleotide polymorphism markers have been widely used to study the genetic relationships among parasite populations and individuals, and to reveal the genetic variation of parasite populations and the evolution of species origins. In this paper, we systematically review the application of three molecular markers commonly used in the study of genetic polymorphism in medical helminths, with a view to laying the foundation for related research.

Nowadays,with the continuous deepening and development of vocational education teaching reform,medical higher vocational education always takes moral education as the fundamental task.As an independent type of education,vocational education should always deepen the integration of industry and education and the integration of science and education.Through the teaching research of"problem chain+course ideological and political case",this study innovates the coordinated education team of drug nursing curriculum,the collaborative education method and the collaborative education evaluation,and improves the teaching effect.

OBJECTIVEThis prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial was designed to explore the effects of amlodipine and the combination of amlodipine with terazosin in improving postvoid residual (PVR) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and concomitant hypertension.

METHODSWe randomly divided 360 LUTS patients with concomitant hypertension into a 5 mg amlodipine group, a 2 mg terazosin group and a 5 mg amlodipine plus 2 mg terazosin group, and measured PVR at the baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment.

RESULTSFor male patients with LUTS associate with hypertension, all of amlodipine (APVR = 6.8) , terazosin (APVR = 7. 6), and combination group (APVR = 8.8) can significant reduced the PVR (P < . 0.1), but no significant difference was found among three groups.

CONCLUSIONAmlodipine alone or combined with terazosin can improve the PVR of the LUTS patient effectively, but had no significant difference compared with terazosin.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Amlodipine ; therapeutic use ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prazosin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Retention ; complications ; drug therapy ; Urodynamics ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from automobile exhaust on the reproductive function of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

METHODSForty-five male SD rats, weighing 80 - 94 g and aged 28 days, were randomly assigned to receive intra-tracheal administration of 0.9% normal saline (control group, n = 15), PM2. 5 at 2 μg per 100 g body weight per day (low-dose PM2.5 group, n = 15), and PM2.5 at 16 μg per 100 g body weight per day (high-dose PM2.5 group, n = 15), qd, for 60 successive days. After the last 24-hour exposure, 10 rats were taken from each group for copulation with normal female ones, while the others were sacrificed, their testes removed for sperm count and deformity, pathological examination, and determination of the Connexin43 expression.

RESULTSThe conception rate was significantly decreased in the low- and high-dose PM2.5 groups as compared with that of the control (70% and 50% vs 100%), and so were the sperm count and quality. The rats in the PM2.5-exposed groups showed significantly disordered histological structure of the seminiferous tubules, reduced sperm count in the testicular lumen, some exfoliated secondary spermatocytes, downregulated Connexin43 expression in the testis, and damaged blood-testis barrier.

CONCLUSIONLong-term exposure to PM2.5 from automobile exhaust damages the reproductive function of male SD rats.

Animals ; Blood-Testis Barrier ; Body Weight ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Fertilization ; Male ; Particulate Matter ; toxicity ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproduction ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Sperm Count ; Spermatocytes ; Testis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vehicle Emissions ; toxicity