This study started from the effect of baicalin (BC), the main active component of the labiaceae plant Scutellaria baicalensis, on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats, to explore the mechanism of glucose metabolism reprogramming in fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLSs), a key effector cell of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). First of all, CIA rats and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced RASFs in vitro and in vivo models were established, the arthritis index (AI) score and histopathological changes of CIA rats after BC administration were observed, and the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and cell supernatant were quantified by ELISA, immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) proteins. In addition, the kit was used to measure the levels of key products and enzyme activities in glucose metabolism reprogramming. The results showed that BC (50, 100 and 200 mg·kg^-1) could alleviate the symptoms of arthritis in CIA rats in a dose-dependent manner, inhibit synovial hyperplasia, alleviate the infiltration of inflammatory cells, down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and up-regulate the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in CIA rats. At the same time, the secretion levels of lactate, pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, citrate and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) were decreased, and the expressions of GRP81 and PDK1 were down-regulated, suggesting that BC mediated the reprogramming process of glucose metabolism. However, when GPR81 inhibitor 3-OBA inhibited lactate uptake, the activity of LDH-B was significantly increased, suggesting that BC inhibited the expression of PDK1, a key enzyme in the reprogramming metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. All animal experiments in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Laboratory Animal Care Center of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: AHUCM-rats-2021049). These studies revealed that baicalin mediated metabolic reprogramming of RASFs from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting PDK1 protein expression, and alleviated joint inflammation in CIA rats.

OBJECTIVETo study the status and problems of complementary feeding behavior for infants aging between 6 - 24 month-old in urban and rural areas of Chengdu in 2011.

METHODSA total of 1283 infants aging between 6 - 24 month-old, including 601 from urban area and 682 from rural area, were randomly selected by stratified cluster random sampling method, and divided into three groups as 6 - 8, 9 - 11 and 12 - 24 month-old groups, between March and April in 2011. Information of complementary feeding behavior were collected by questionnaire, and then assessed, quantified and compared by standards. The evaluation system was established (the total score was 24), and was used to assess among children aging 6 to 24 month-old in urban and rural areas in Chengdu.

RESULTSThe average score for infants in Chengdu was 18.6 ± 2.5, accounting for 77.6% of the total score. The scores of food selection and preparation were highest (90.7% of total score) among the behavior, and the scores of caregiver's behavior, infants behavior, feeding environment and environmental hygiene were low (about 75.2% - 77.6% of total score). The average score in urban and rural groups were separately 19.8 ± 2.1 and 17.6 ± 2.4, the score in urban group was higher than that in rural group (P < 0.05), occupying total score 82.3%, 73.4%, respectively. The average score in 6 - 8 month, 9 - 11 month and 12 - 24 month groups were separately 18.9 ± 2.3, 19.1 ± 2.4, and 18.2 ± 2.6, occupying total score 78.9%, 79.4% and 75.7%, respectively. The score in 6 - 8 and 9 - 11 month groups were higher than that in 12 - 24 month group (P < 0.01). The pass rate (above 60% of total score) was 94.2% and excellent rate (above 80% of total score) was 44.8% in Chengdu. The excellent rate in urban and rural groups were separately 65.7% and 26.4% (χ(2) = 199.825, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe complementary feeding behavior for infants was not optimistic in Chengdu, and the behavior was even worse in rural areas and among elder infants groups.

Child, Preschool ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

Objective To study the epidemic tendency of emerging influenza A (H1N1) in mainland China, and to explore the different patterns of spread on the disease under the following contexts: (1) To stop the temperature screening program at the border areas of the country; (2)To stop measures of prevention and control on those identified cases and their close contacts; (3) To strengthen programs for the foreign immigrants on 'home quarantine'. Methods Under relevant parameters and information on the transmission link from different reference data, the patterns of influenza spread were simulated by Monte Carlo method. Results The temperature screening on border could inhibit the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) to some extent, so that after 3 months the cumulative number of cases will be reduced by 21.5% (1718 cases) and transmission speed of influenza A (H1N1) in mainland China will be delayed by about 4 days. Furthermore, taking positive measures of prevention and control could efficiently slow down the epidemic, so that after 3 months the cumulative number of cases will be reduced by 93.4%(about 90 thousand cases) and it would be delayed by about 15 days if influenza A (H1N1) spreads to the whole country. In addition, if the immigrants were able to practise quarantine measures consciously by themselves at home the effect of prevention and control against influenza A(H1N1) would be more significant. If 30%, 60% and 90% of immigrants would take quarantine measures home consciously, after 3 months the cumulative number of cases will be reduced by about 15% (about 940 cases), 34% (about 2230 cases) and 64% (about 4180 cases), respectively. Also, influenza A (H1N1) spreads to the whole country will be delayed by about 4 days, 10 days and 25 days, respectively. It is difficult to curb fully the development of the epidemic by taking existing control measures, and influenza A (H1N1) may spread to almost all provinces after about 3 months. Conclusion The effects of existing prevention and control measures were objectively assessed and the results showed the necessity and effectiveness of these measures against the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) , in the mainland of China.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hemodynamic changes in superior mesenteric artery(SMA)of patients with acute suppurative appendicitis(ASA)to facilitate the diagnosis of ASA.Methods Ninety-three ASA patients diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed by pathology in some hospital from January 2015 to December 2022 were enrolled into an ASA group,and 88 soldiers without abnormalities in the annual physical examination at the hospital in 2021 were divided into a control group,and the two groups were compared in terms of SMA hemodynamic indexes including peak systolic velocity(PSV),end diastolic velocity(EDV),resistance index(RI)and systolic/diastolic ratio(S/D).The statistically significant data of the above indexes were selected to draw the ROC curve and obtain the cut-off values.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The PSV was(212±69)cm/s in the ASA group and(118±26)cm/s in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05),and the two groups had the differences in EDV,RI,and S/D not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The ROC curve was plotted based on the PSV data,and a cutoff value of 238 cm/s was obtained with an AUC of 0.714.Conclusion Ultrasound examination of SMA hemodynamic changes in suspected ASA patients facilitates a definitive diagnosis and is of guidance for clinical treatment.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(10):64-67]

ObjectiveNano-graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) can be used to target fluorescent markers. The stem cell labeling is an important method in studying stem cell treatments. Our study aims to explore the possibility of using GOQDs as living cell fluorescent marker materials for human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), and to evaluate the biosecurity and effect as live cell fluorescence markers of GOQDs.Methods GOQDs were testified by TEM, DLS, UV-vis, and PL spectra. hPDLSCs were obtained by tissue cultivation and separated by single cell-derived colony selection. Then the source of the cells was carried out by immunocytochemical staining of anti-vimentin, anti-cytokeratin, and multipotent differentiation was used in the identification of stem cells. hPDLSCs were incubated with different concentrations of GOODs (0, 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL) for 24h and 72 h. Cytotoxicity and proliferation effects were determined using CCK-8, and cell cycles were detected using flow cytometry after the co-culture of GOQDs and hPDLSCs. The fluorescent labeling effect of GOQDs was tested using laser scanning confocal microscopy.ResultsThe characterization of GOQDs showed that the nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in water and showing blue light at 365 nm. TEM and DLS showed GOQDs had good dispersion, and the particle size was (6.36±1.41) nm. Immunocytochemical staining of anti-vimentin was positive while anti-cytokeratin was negative. The results of cytotoxicity showed there were no significant differences in cell activity after incubated with different concentrations of GOODs (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) (P>0.05), and there was no significant decrease in cell activity between 24h and 72h (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportional distribution of G1, G2, and S phases between the two concentrations of GOQDs (0 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) (P>0.05). Fluorescent images showed that GOQDs could enter the cell membrane and increase the fluorescence intensity at the concertation of 50 μg/mL.ConclusionGOQDs were confirmed to have good biocompatibility and could be used for live cell labeling of hPDLSCs.

Increasing evidence suggests that cytokines and chemokines play crucial roles in chronic itch. In the present study, we evaluated the roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its receptors TNF receptor subtype-1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 in acute and chronic itch in mice. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, TNFR1-knockout (TNFR1-KO) and TNFR1/R2 double-KO (DKO), but not TNFR2-KO mice, exhibited reduced acute itch induced by compound 48/80 and chloroquine (CQ). Application of the TNF-synthesis inhibitor thalidomide and the TNF-α antagonist etanercept dose-dependently suppressed acute itch. Intradermal injection of TNF-α was not sufficient to evoke scratching, but potentiated itch induced by compound 48/80, but not CQ. In addition, compound 48/80 induced TNF-α mRNA expression in the skin, while CQ induced its expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. Furthermore, chronic itch induced by dry skin was reduced by administration of thalidomide and etanercept and in TNFR1/R2 DKO mice. Dry skin induced TNF-α expression in the skin, DRG, and spinal cord and TNFR1 expression only in the spinal cord. Thus, our findings suggest that TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling is required for the full expression of acute and chronic itch via peripheral and central mechanisms, and targeting TNFR1 may be beneficial for chronic itch treatment.
Animals ; Chloroquine ; toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Etanercept ; therapeutic use ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Pruritus ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; deficiency ; genetics ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; deficiency ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Thalidomide ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; adverse effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine ; toxicity

To analyze the development of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), this study systematically retrieved relevant Chinese and English literatures from both CNKI and Web of Science database platforms by bibliometric research method and CiteSpace 5.5.R2 software to obtain information and visualize relevant literatures. A total of 695 Chinese and 446 English literatures were included in this paper. Statistics showed that China had published most of the literatures and established close cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom. Through the analysis, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and its affiliated hospitals published the largest number of the publications. Moreover, the highly productive journals including Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and The Lancet covered eight major fields, such as medicine, medical virology, radiation medicine, infectious disease, and traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, a total of 35 special COVID-19 funds were recently established to subsidize these studies. The key words and themes analysis indicated that protein structure of COVID-19, receptor targets and mechanisms of action, integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, screening and development of antiviral drugs from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, vaccine research as well as epidemiological characteristics and prediction are current study hotspots. This study provides a reference for researchers to rapidly master main study directions of COVID-19 and screen out relevant literatures.
Betacoronavirus ; Bibliometrics ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; United Kingdom ; United States

ObjectiveTo explore the material basis and mechanism of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma （NRER）-Agrimoniae Herba （AH）， the herbal pair effective in regulating the liver， invigorating Qi， and calming palpitations， in the treatment of premature ventricular contractions （PVCs） by network pharmacology and molecular docking. MethodThe chemical components and targets of NRER and AH were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） combined with relevant literature. GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM），and DrugBank were used to predict the potential targets against PVCs. STRING platform was used for protein-protein interaction （PPI） analysis. Metascape platform was used for Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） enrichment analysis. Cytoscape 3.8.0 was used to construct the NRER-AH component-potential target-signaling pathway network. The main target proteins underwent molecular docking to the active components of NRER-AH by AutoDock 4.2.6. ResultThe targets of nine active components in NRER-AH （such as quercetin，kaempferol，and acacetin） against PVCs mainly involved tumor necrosis factor （TNF），mitogen-activated protein kinase 1（MAPK1），and protein kinase B1（Akt1）. The potential targets were mainly enriched in 26 signaling pathways，such as pathways in cancer and the advanced glycosylation end product （AGE）-receptor of advanced glycosylation end product（RAGE） signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that the majority of the active components （92.59%） of NRER-AH had good binding activities with the main target proteins TNF，MAPK1，and Akt1. ConclusionThe active components of NRER-AH can regulate cardiac ion channels，resist inflammation， and combat oxidative stress to treat PVCs through multi-target and multi-pathway interventions. They can also improve symptoms related to depression and anxiety by inhibiting monoamine oxidase activity and protecting nerves from damage. This study is expected to provide research ideas and the theoretical basis for further exploring the material basis and mechanism of NRER-AH in the treatment of PVCs.