Objective: To investigate the effect of cell division cycle 42 (Cdc 42) gene on the formation of filopodia suppressed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and to explore the probable signal transduction pathway involving Cdc 42 in the inhibition effects on migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells induced by NSAIDs. Methods: MCF-7 cells were divided into four groups: blank control group, NS-398 (100 μmol/L)-treated group, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected group and the negative siRNA-transfected group. The expressions of Cox-2 and Cdc42 mRNAs were detected by real-time fluorogentic quantitative PCR(RFQ-PCR), and the expressions of Cox-2 and Cdc42 proteins were measured by Western blotting. Actin-tracker Green fluorescent probe was used to examined the morphology of filopodias in MCF-7 cells. The invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was detected by using the Martrigel-coated Transwell. Results: The filopodias in MCF-7 cells disappeared in the NS-398-treated group, and the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells was also significantly decreased in this group compared with that in the blank control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the expression level of Cox-2 mRNA or protein between the blank control group and the NS-398-treated group (P>0.05), and the difference was also not seen in the expression of Cdc42 mRNA or protein between these two groups (P>0.05). The active-Cdc42 level was significantly decreased in the NS-398-treated group compared with that in the blank control group (P<0.05). The filopodias in the Cox-2 siRNA-transfected group disappeared, and the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells transfected with Cox-2 siRNA was significantly decreased compared with that in the negative siRNA-transfected group (P<0.05). The active-Cdc42 level was also significantly decreased in MCF-7 cells transfected with Cox-2 siRNA compared with those transfected with negative siRNA (P<0.05). Conclusion: NSAIDs can suppress the invasion ability of breast cancer cells. This effect may be achieved by inhibiting the activity of Cox-2, decreasing the expression level of active-Cdc42, and suppressing the formation of filopodias.

Objective To observe the influence of coal burning fluorosis on learning and memory ability in rats and reveal its possible mechanisms. Methods Healthy 48 SD rats were divided into control, low-fluoride and high-fluoride group. All rats in fluoride exposed groups were fed with the eom polluted by drying processes with burning coal containing high level of fluoride obtained from the endemic fluorosis area to produce the animal model of fluorosis. The experiment period were 3,6 mouths, respectively. The ability of leaning and memory was measured by Morris test and cholinesterase activity detected by photometric method at 3 or 6 month after experiment, respectively. Results Fluoride contents signifieantlly influenced the escape latency, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms(the value of F was 29.29,6.47,6.50, respectively, P<0.01).In addition, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms were influenced by the exposed time(the value of F was 16.11,45.59, P<0.01). Furthermore, the fluoride contents and the exposed time had an interaction between the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms (the value of F was 4.67,5.68, P<0.05 or<0.01). Three months after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency [(14.71± 4.85)s] of rats in highly fluoride exposed group were significantly prolonged as compared with controls [(9.28±4.22)s]; 6 month after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency[(12.42±8.03)s, (17.48± 8.05)s] of rats in both groups exposed to fluoride were significantly prolonged as compared to controls [(7.04± 3.29)s, P<0.05]. The decreased numbers of crossing the platforms[(1.62±0.87)number] and the declined time of staying the platforms[(16.70±5.02)s] were found in the rats exposed to high fluoride as compared to controls [(3.53±1.67 )number, (23.33±5.35)s, P<0.05]. The fluoride contents obviously influenced the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 12.83,13.27, P<0.01). On the other hand, the times of breeding also influnced the activities of butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 16.26, P<0.01). In 3 months of the experiment, the activities of butylcolinesterase [(0.55±0.12)kU/g] in low fluoride exposed group were significantly decreased in comparison with controls[(0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The activities of acetylcholinesterase[(0.62±0.42)kU/g] and butylcolioesterase[(0.58±0.10)kU/g] in high fluoride group were significantly decreased as compared to eontrois[(1.41±0.52), (0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the cholinesterase and the escape latency(r=-0.68, P< 0.01), and a positive correlation between the cholinesterase and the time of staying the platforms(r=0.57, P< 0.01). Conclusions The ability of learning and memory in rats with coal buring fluorosis was decreased, which might be connected to the decreased activity of cholinesterase in a dose-effect correlation.

As a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor family,integrin family mainly mediats cell-matrix interactions,participates in the function,through the unique bi-directional signal transduction pathways,played an important role in tissue repair process.The purpose of this article is to summarize the role of integrin family in the repair of tissue damage and sum up the current research progress.

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effectiveness of inverted less invasive stabilization system (LISS) and proximal femoral nail anlirotafion (PFNA) in treatment of complex unstable intertrochanteric fracture in aged, and to investigate the selective strategy of the internal fixation.

METHODSFrom February 2007 to June 2009, 47 senior patients with complex and unstable intertrochanteric fractures (Evans IV, V, R-type) were treated. Among them 23 patients were treated by inverted LISS, including 7 males and 16 females, aged from 76 to 97 years; 24 patients were treated by PFNA, including 9 males and 15 females, aged from 73 to 90 years old. The mean operating time,blood loss, intraoperative photographs frequency, incision length, length of stay, bone healing,hip function were analyzed and compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 8 to 18 months (averaged 13.1 months). All fractures got bone healing. No complications such as wound infection, varus and internal fixation cut out occurred. The operative time, incision length, in PFNA group had a slight ascendant than that in LISS inversion group, but there were no significant differences. According to postoperative Harris hip score outcome of LISS inversion group compared with the PFNA group, there was no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONBoth of PFNA and LISS have ideal effect in treatment of complex unstable intertrochanteric fracture in aged, and are good internal fixations.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Calcinosis ; complications ; Decalcification Technique ; Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; complications ; Meningioma ; complications ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Ultrasonics

The positive ratio is 74 percent using the plate anaerobe culturing device made by author, higher than using common anaerobic box and anaerobic jar.

Objective To investigate the effect of Ulinastatin on the delivery of cytokines in patients with septic shock.Methods It was a prospective and controlled clinical study.Seventy-eight patients with septic shock were randomly divided into control group and treatment group and thirty-nine in every group.Patients in treatment group received Ulinastatin 200 000 units intravenous everyday for 3 days,while those in control group received equal volume of normal saline as placebo.At different time points (at 24 th,48 th,72 th hour after start of treatment),the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?),interleukin-1 (IL-1),interleukin-6 (IL-6 ),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were assayed.Results In comparison with control group,the levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6,IL- 8 of treatment group decreased markedly (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) at different time points,whereas the level of SOD was higher markedly (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) at various time points.Conclusion Ulinastatin has protective effect on patients with septic shock through decreasing the levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and increasing in the level of SOD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of Cdc42 expression under estrogen stimulation, and to explore the signaling pathway of intracellular material transportation caused by estrogen.

METHODSMTT was used to test the drug sensitivity of cells. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of Cdc42 mRNA. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of active-Cdc42 and Total-Cdc42 were measured by Western blot.

RESULTSIC(50) of ADM in MCF-7 cells was increased from (0.098 ± 0.011) µg/ml to (0.134 ± 0.130) µg/ml (P < 0.05) after estrogen stimulation. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was reduced from 7.253 ± 0.310 to 3.233 ± 0.313 (P < 0.05). All of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were increased (P < 0.05). After the treatment with siRNA, the IC(50) of ADM in siRNA group was decreased to (0.057 ± 0.017) µg/ml (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. The amount of accumulated ADM was significantly increased in the siRNA group, and all the expression levels of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were decreased in the siRNA group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEstrogen enhances the drug resistance in breast cancer cells. The mechanism of this effect may be via the enhancing Cdc42 expression and decreasing the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in the cancer cells.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and postoperative complications of arthrotomy and arthroscopy in repair of 170 menisci in 168 cases.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with meniscus injury were repaired by arthrotomy or arthroscopy.They were 121 males and 47 females.There were 77 left knees and 91 right knees;117 medial menisci and 53 lateral ones.Their average age was 25.5?8.4 years old.Arthro- scopic repair methods included puncture and grinding,bio-absorbable meniscus arrow fixation,Outside-In suturing, Inside-Out suturing,Elite scuff instrument repairing,T-Fix fixation and FasT-Fix fixation techniques.The clinical results were assessed on the basis of symptoms,physical signs,Tegner scores and Lysholm scores of the cases. Postoperative complications were also investigated.Re-arthroscopic exploration was done for patients with obvious symptoms and physical signs.Results The average folluw-up time was 49.3?28.8 months.Their mean pre- operative Tegner score was 3.3?2.3,and their postoperative one 6.8?2.1 (P＜0.05).Their preoperative Lysholm score was 30.1?18.2,and their postoperative one 87.5?22.5 (P＜0.01).There were significant differences in Tegner and Lysholm scores before operation and after operation.Ninety-eight repaired menisci were rated as excellent(57.7%),57 as good (33.5%),10 as fair (5.9%),and five as poor (2.9%).The total ex- cellent and good result was 91.2%.Of the 19 patients with obvious symptoms and physical signs,re-arthroscopic exploration found no healing in five and partial healing in six.Postoperative complications included pain at the Outside-In suture nodes in three cases,referred pain at posterior articular capsule resulted from failed Outside-In meniscus anterior horn suturing in one case,and twinge at the meniscus arrow site in the posterior capsule in five cases.No serious lesion occurred at blood vessels or nerves.The postoperative complication incidence was 5.3%. Conclusion The eight methods of arthrotomy and arthroscopy to repair injured menisci investigated in our study can have a high successful rate and low perioperative and postoperative risk.

BACKGROUND:Sepsis has become the greatest threat to in-patients, with a mortality of over 25％.The dysfunction of gut barrier, especially the immunological barrier, plays an important role in the development of sepsis. This dysfunction occurs after surgery, but the magnitude of change does not differentiate patients with sepsis from those without sepsis. Increased intestinal permeability before surgery is of no value in predicating sepsis. The present study aimed to observe the changes of intestinal mucosal immunologic barrier in rat models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sepsis group (n=45) and a control group (n=15). The rats in the sepsis group were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), whereas the rats in the control group underwent a sham operation. The ileac mucosa and segments were harvested 3, 6 and 12 hours after CLP, and blood samples were collected. Pathological changes, protein levels of defensin-5 (RD-5) and trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) mRNA, and lymphocytes apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa were determined. In an additional experiment, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in blood was detected. RESULTS:The intestinal mucosa showed marked injury with loss of ileal villi, desquamation of epithelium, detachment of lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration in the sepsis group. The expression of TFF3 mRNA and level of RD-5 protein were decreased and the apoptosis of mucosal lymphocyte increased (P<0.05) in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Significant differences were observed in RD-5 and TFF3 mRNA 3 hours after CLP and they were progressively increased 6 and 12 hours after CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group (P<0.05, RD-5 F=11.76, TFF3 F=16.86 and apoptosis F=122.52). In addition, the gut-origin bacterial DNA detected in plasma was positive in the sepsis group. CONCLUSION:The immunological function of the intestinal mucosa was impaired in septic rats and further deteriorated in the course of sepsis.