Objective:To determine the in vitro release of two kinds of Changankang Pellets (Radix Astragall, Rhizama coptid) coated with Surelease and Eudragit respectively and verify their colon-targeted release in vivo through X-ray photography. Methods: Changankang Pellets were made by mixing the medical BaSO 4 powder and appropriate drugs together according to original produce and coat methods. After determining their in vitro release, they were tested in vivo by 2 volunteers. X-ray films were taken after appropriate time and analyzed to determine the location and status of these pellets inside healthy objects. Results: Pellets made by this way can carry drugs through stomach, intestine and targeted-release them in colon; the coating combined with pH-dependent and time-dependent Eudragit thin layer has better results. Conclusion: X-ray radiography applying BaSO 4 powder could be taken as a quality control method for colon-targeted release drugs. The preliminary results showed that Changankang Pellets met the requirements of colon-targeted release.

Objective To explore the etiopathogenisis of fungal infections induced by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods One hundred and forty-seven SLE patients with fungal infections during 2004-2013 were assigned as experimental group and the same number of SLE patients without infections were randomly selected as control group. Clinical and laboratory documents of these patients were comparatively analyzed. Results The fungal infections in SLE patients affected oral mucosa , lower respiratory tract and skin , and the pathogenic bacteria were mainly candida albicans. The wide application of glucocorticoid, immunosuppressants and antibiotics pushed the rise of incidence of fungal infections in SLE patients significantly. Conclusions The patients′ use of glucocorticoid , immunosuppressants and antibiotics attributes to a higher risk of fungal infections , especially infections by candida albicans. Fungus infection may raise the level of C4.

A novel amplifier system was proposed for low-noise recording of pico-ampere current in nanopore experiment (<100 pA). As an example, the amplifier system was applied in α-hemolysin based nanopore detection of DNA-PEG-DNA conjugate to record the signals of translocation and bumping events in buffer solution (1 mol/L KCl, 10 mmol/L Tris--HCl, 1 mmol/L EDTA and pH=8. 0). The amplified current signal was filtered by a 3 kHz Bessel filter and sampled by a 100 kHz analog-digital convertor. As a result, the presented amplifier system could lower the noise in recording the current. The current blockages (<10 pA) of single molecules with low amplitude were recovered due to the high signal-to-noise ratio.

Objective To investigate domestic child abuse within one year before the survey being conducted in Grades 4-6 preliminary school students and explore the relationship between domestic child abuse and mental health problems including prevalence of mental disorders,anxiety,depression as well as children's selfawareness in this sample.Methods Screen Questionnaire of Child Abuse was used to screen all the students participated in the survey.For those students whose screen results were positive,further face to face interview was needed to verify the abuse history.Once a child was identified as abused one,a student without abuse history would be matched by sex and the same age.Both groups with abused history and without abuse history over past year were evaluated by the two child psychiatrists with diagnostic an statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-Ⅳ) and mental health scales.Results 1500 10-13 year-old children received child abuse screening.23.73％ students surveyed over the past year suffered child abuse in the family.The proportion of boys who were victims of domestic child abuse was 30.44％ while 17.44％ to girls (x2 =5.95,P ＜ 0.01).The proportion of male students who were victims of domestic abuse was two times that of female students.For all participants,14.6％ had been suffered one-way abuse,5％ for two-way abuse,and 3％ for three-way abuse.Prevalence of anxiety disorder in abused students was higher than in non-abused ones (9.26％ vs 3.45％,x2 =3.19,P=0.0015).Similarly,the rate of disruptive behavior disorder in abused students was higher than in non-abused ones(18.53％vs 9.22％ x2 =3.61,P=0.0001).The total scores of The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder was higher in abused students group than in non-abused students group while the total scores of Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale was lower in abused student group than in non-abused student group.Conclusion Domestic child abuse in 10-13 old-age students is a widespread phenomenon and abuse history over last year is associated with current mental health level.

Objectives To study the age and gender distribution of clinical and non-clinical depressive symptoms in chil-dren, and the potential link between non-clinical and clinical depressive symptoms. Methods 4520 children aged 8-15 years old were screened for mental disorders by Strength and Dififculties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA), and further assessed by the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSSC). Fifty-three children diagnosed as depressive disorder were included in clinical group and 1504 children without depression disorders whose DSSC scores≥14 were included in non-clinical group. The relationship between gender, age and DSSC scores was analyzed. Results Interaction effect on DSSC scores between gender and age was found in clinical group (F=4.40, P=0.049), but not found in non-clinical group (F=1.04, P=0.409). DSSC scores of girls were higher than that of boys in clinical group (t=2.16, P=0.048). There was no statistically signiifcant main effect of gender in non-clinical group (F=0.21, P=0.646). No signiifcant difference in DSSC scores existed among different age groups in clinical group (F=0.82, P=0.573). There was signiifcant main effect of age in non-clinical group (F=1.96, P=0.048). Conclusions There were different age and gender distribution of clinical and non-clinical depressive symptoms in children.

Objective To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between hybrid and total pedicle screw instrumentation in adolescents undergone posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for thoracic scoliosis secondary to Chiari malformation..Methods A total of 75 patients undergone PSF were included and divided into two groups:the all pedicle screw group (Group A,n=44) and the hybrid group (Group B,n=31).Patients were evaluated before surgery,immediately after surgery,and at the 2-year follow-up in radiographic changes in curve magnitude,apical vertebral translation (AVT),apical vertebral rotation (AVR),trunk shift,thoracic kyphosis (TK),lumbar lordosis (LL),and sagittal vertical axis (SVA).These parameters were further analyzed with respect to preoperative TK in both groups.Results After surgery,the average correction of the thoracic curve was 60.2％ and 51.3％ in Group A and B,respectively (t=2.372,P=0.023).The average lumbar curve correction was 61.7％ in Group A,representing a significant increase compared to Group B (51.1％,t=2.431,P=0.020).At the final follow-up,loss of the thoracic curve correction was less in Group A (0.3％) than in Group B (1.7％),however,there was no statistical significance (t=-0.468,P＞0.05).AVT of the thoracic curve improved in Group A from 25.0 mm to 6.9 mm,while in Group B it changed from 24.1 mm to 7.4 mm.For patients with a preoperative TK greater than 40°,the proximal junctional angle was found to be significantly larger in Group A (10.0 degrees versus 4.5 degrees,t=-2.031,P=0.052) by the final follow-up,along with a significantly increased incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis (20％ versus 9％).Conclusion Total pedicle screw instrumentation provided a significantly better correction of the major and minor curves than hybrid constructs for the operative treatment of thoracic scoliosis secondary to Chiari malformation.However,for patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis,all-screw instrumentation had a higher risk of adjacent level proximal kyphosis.

Objective To establish a rat model of coal-burning-borne fluorosis,and to observe the expression changes of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP-3) in the serum of rat treated with different dose of fluoride and different treatment duration.Methods A total of 120 clean grade SD rats(body mass between 80 to 120 g) weaned for 4 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups,which were control,low-dose fluorid,medium-dose fluorid and high-dose fluorid groups,respectively,and 30 rats in each group (female 15,male 15).All of the rats were fed with coal drying corn from fluorosis area.Ten rats were killed by femoral artery bleeding 30 d,90 d and 180 d after exposed to fluoride,respectively.Serum BMP-2 and BMP-3 level was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results ①Results of BMP-2:after exposed to fluoride for 90 d and 180 d,the differences of serum BMP-2 level between groups were statistically significant(F=385.08,173.98,all P ＜ 0.01).In low-dose fluorid,medium-dose fluorid and high-dose fluorid groups,the expression of serum BMP-2 at 90 d[(18.80 ± 0.43),(22.22 ± 0.85),(25.14 ± 0.69)μg/L] and 180 d[(7.98 ± 0.68),(8.97 ± 0.78),(15.04 ± 0.89)μg/L] was higher than that of control group[(12.54 ± 1.29),(7.53 ± 0.97)μg/L,all P ＜ 0.05],and the level of BMP-2 increased with increasing dose of fluoride (all P ＜ 0.05).Within each group,the difference of serum BMP-2 was statistically significant(F =55.42,511.58,686.35,671.64,all P ＜ 0.01).The expression of BMP-2 in each group at 90 d [(12.54 ± 1.29),(18.80 ± 0.43),(22.22 ± 0.85),(25.14 ± 0.69)μg/L] was higher than that at 30 d[(11.75 ± 1.15),(11.42 ± 1.07),(11.38 ± 0.92),(11.15 ±1.03)μg/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The expression of BMP-2 in each group at 180 d[(7.53 ± 0.97),(7.98 ± 0.68),(8.97 ± 0.78),(15.04 ± 0.89) μg/L] was lower than that at 90 d.②Results of BMP-3:the difference between groups was not statistically significant at every experimental stage(F =0.7215,1.2951,0.0964,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Longer excessive fluoride intake stimulates the expression of BMP-2 in rats,but with prolonged fluoride intake,the stimulation becomes weak.The effect of fluoride on BMP-3 is not as sensitive as that on BMP-2.

Mandarin vole (Lasiopodomys mandarinus) spends almost all of its life underground and must have evolved remarkable adaptations to cope with the subterranean hypoxic stress. The aim of present study is to explore the adaptation mechanism through the comparison of hemogram changes under chronic intermittent hypoxia in Mandarin vole and Kunming (KM) mouse (Mus musculus). Mandarin vole and KM mouse were treated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (10.0% oxygen), which was maintained by an oxygen cabin, for 4 h per day during four weeks. Then blood samples from the animals with and without hypoxia treatment were analyzed by a hematology analyzer. The results showed that under normoxic condition mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet (PLT) in Mandarin vole were significantly lower than those in KM mouse. On the contrast, red blood cell count (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in Mandarin vole were higher than that in KM mouse. After four-week chronic intermittent hypoxia treatment, the hemogram changes were as following. MCV and HCT were elevated in Mandarin vole, not affected in KM mouse. Both hemoglobin (HGB) content and MCH in KM mouse increased, while only MCH increased in Mandarin vole. No obvious changes of WBC and PLT were found in two species. These results suggest that the adaptive mechanism of blood system in Mandarin vole responding to hypoxic conditions is different from that of KM mouse. As a subterranean vole, the Mandarin vole has a better tolerance to hypoxia.
Adaptation, Physiological ; physiology ; Animals ; Arvicolinae ; blood ; Chronic Disease ; Erythrocytes ; Hemoglobins ; Hypoxia ; blood ; Mice ; blood ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and alteration (including homozygous deletion and mutation) of MTS1 gene in precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of oral mucosa, and to analyse the function of MTS1 gene alteration in oral mucosal carcinogenesis.

METHODSThe expression of p16 protein produced by MTS1 gene was examined with immunohistochemical SP method in 10 normal oral mucosas, 30 precancerous lesions (10 mild, 10 moderate and 10 severe dysplasia respectively) and 45 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCI18, SCCII 19, SCCIII 8). The deletion and mutation of exon1 and exon2 of MTS1 gene were examined with methods of PCR and SSCP in these same samples.

RESULTSAll the precancerous lesions had p16 protein expression and no alteration of MTS1 gene. In SCC, the positive rate of p16 protein was 60.0% with 72.2% in SCCI, 57.9% in SCCII, 37.5% in SCC III, and there were no significant difference among the three groups by chi2 test (P>0.05). Gene homozygous deletion of exon1 and/or exon2 was detected in 10 cases, and gene mutation in 4 cases. The whole rate of gene alteration was 31.1% (14/45). The MTS1 gene alteration rate was 27.8% in SCCI, 31.6% in SCCII, 37.5% in SCC III and there was also no significant difference among the three groups by chi2 test (P>0.05). In SCC with local lymph nodes metastasis, MTS1 alteration rate was 57.1%, while in SCC with no lymph nodes metastasis was 8.3%, and there was significant difference by chi2 test (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMTS1 gene alteration is not an early event in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosa and can not be used as a biology mark to examine oral precancerous lesions. MTS1 gene may play a certain role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; chemistry ; genetics ; pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; analysis ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mouth Neoplasms ; chemistry ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation ; Precancerous Conditions ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo analyze the expression of Cyc1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate the interfering efficiency of a lentivirus interfering vector targeting Cyc1 in NPC cells.

METHODSMicroarray technique was used to examine the expression of Cyc1 in NPC tissues. Real-time PCR was utilized to confirm the high expression of Cyc1 in NPC tissues and NPC cell lines. The recombinant Cyc1 shRNA-expressing plasmid (pLentiU6/Cyc1-shRNA) was stably transfected into NPC cells, and the interfering efficiency against Cyc1 was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe result of microarray showed that Cyc1 was highly expressed in NPC tissues compared to noncancerous nasopharyngeal tissues, as confirmed by Real-time PCR. All of the 8 NPC cells showed a high expression of Cyc1, among which 5-8F cells showed the highest expression. Sequence analysis indicated that the recombinant plasmid pLentiU6/Cyc1-shRNA was successfully constructed and could significantly and stably suppress the expression of Cyc1 in NPC cells.

CONCLUSIONCyc1 is highly expressed in NPC cells. The lentivirus vector constructed can markedly inhibit the expression of Cyc1 in NPC cells, which provides assistance in the investigation of the function and molecular mechanism of Cyc1 in NPC.

Carcinoma ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytochromes c1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Plasmids ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics