Objective To investigate the effect of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl 40 injection (HSH)on craniocerebral injury accompanied with hypovolemic shock and ICP.Method Sixty patients suffering from craniecerebral injury accompanied with the hypovolemic shock and admitted to ICU and Neurosurgical Department of Guang dong General Hospital from September 2007 to June 2008,were chosen into the study prospectively.Those who was younger than 18years or older than 70 years,and those who were pregnant or meustruous women,or serious hepatic and renal insufficiency,hypertension,coronaxy artery disease,diabets mellitue,uncontrolled bleeding,brain death,erc were excluded.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups.Each group included 20 patients and they were resuscitated with LR(500 ml),HIS(4 ml/kg)and HSH(4 ml/kg)respectively.The changos of blood pressure,laboratory examination indices and ICP Were detected before and at 30,60,120 minutes after resuscitation.Results MAP raised over 60 mmHg and ICP declined 10%within 30 min in HIS and HSH groups.The effect of HSH on the improving of blood pressure and the reduction of ICP wag more obvious than that of LR and HIS at 120 minutes(F=18.43,8.99,P<0.05)after resuscitation.There were no obvious oboes of the laboratory examination indices after resuscitation.Conclusions The themputic effect of HSH on ICP and MAP in craniocerebral injury accompanied with hypovolemic shock is obvious and lasting,which would be beneficial to the protection of cerebral function.

Objective To investigate the expression of Muc1,Muc3A and Muc4 in cultured intrahepatic bile duct(IBD)tissues from different hepatic segments after cold preservation.Methods The IBD tissues of SD rats were obtained by collagen perfusion combining mechanical separation and then were divided into large and small IBD.The 2 parts of IBD were seeded in rat tail collagen gel and were cultured for 48 hours,then the IBD tissues from 10 rats were stored in UW solution at 4℃ for 1 hour(group I,n=5)and 12 hours(group Ⅱ,n=5),respectively,and the IBD tissues from the rest 5 rats were cultured in incubator at 37℃ for 24 hours (control group,n=5).The expressions of Muc1,Muc3A and Muc4 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.All data were analysed via ANOVA or LSD test.Results The expressions of Muc1,Muc3 A and Muc4 were detected both in large and small IBD tissues.The mRNA expressions of Muc1,Muc3A and Muc4 were decreased in large IBD as time passed by,which were 0.95±0.14,0.26±0.04 and 0.24±0.06 in group Ⅰ,0.18±0.03,0.14±0.04 and 0.22±0.07 in group Ⅱ,1.00±0.20,1.00±0.09 and 1.00±0.21 in control group,with significant difference among the 3 groups(F=8.8,57.1,10.8,P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of Muc1 and Muc3A in group Ⅱ were significantly lower than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).The protein expressions of Muc1 and Mue3A in large IBD were also decreased as time passed by,which were 0.82±0.13,0.73±0.10 in group Ⅰ,0.56±0.11,0.33±0.04 in group Ⅱ,1.05±0.41,1.06±0.38 in control group,with significant difference among the 3 groups(F=3.9,12.6,P＜0.05).The protein expression of Muc1 of group Ⅱ was significantly lower than in control group(P＜0.05),and the protein expression of Muc4 in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of Muc3A in small IBD were increased as time passed by,which were 0.15±0.04 in group Ⅰ,0.19±0.05 in group Ⅱ and 0.06±0.03 in control group.Conclusion Decreases of Muc1,Muc3A and Muc4 in IBD after long time cold preservation may weaken the selfprotection of biliary epithelium and case sever injury to bile duct.

Objective:To investigate the role of p21 gene in the radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) and to evaluate the effect on p21 gene knockout on RIHD phenotype in mouse models.Methods:p21 -/-mice were utilized in the experimental group, and p21 + /-mice were allocated in the control group. RIHD mouse models were established by exposure to 10 Gy whole heart irradiation by using a small animal radiation research platform. The heart samples were collected at 6 weeks after irradiation, the gross specimens were measured and subject to HE staining. The wall thickness and left ventricular ejection fraction of the mice were detected by the Vevo2100 ultrasound imaging system. The hypoxia in cardiac tissues was detected by the hypoxia probe method. The apoptosis of cardiac cells was determined by Tunel method. Results:Compared with the p21 + /-mice, the survival of p21 -/-mice was significantly shortened ( P=0.004), the interventricular septum was significantly thinned during the diastolic and systolic phases ( P=0.049, P=0.006), the left ventricular posterior wall was remarkably thickened ( P<0.001) and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased ( P=0.004). The gross heart tissue was enlarged in the p21 -/-mice. HE staining showed the aggregation of inflammatory cells in cardiac tissues and disordered arrangement of myocardial cells. Significant hypoxia and apoptosis could be observed in the p21 -/-mouse heart tissues. Conclusions:p21 -/-mice are prone to more severe RIHD after irradiation, manifested with shortened cardiac survival, weakened cardiac function, abnormal cardiac structure, hypoxia and apoptosis of cardiac tissues. p21 plays an important role in the repair after cardiac irradiation.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the expression of adducin 3 (ADD3) and its splicing isoforms and colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS:The expression of ADD3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib in 50 pair of CRC tissues , 20 pairs of colorectal polyp tissues , and 2 CRC cell lines SW480 and SW620 before and after oxaliplatin or fluoroura-cil intervention were detected by real-time PCR.The cell activity was determined by MTT assay , the cell migration ability was evaluated by wound-healing assay , and the cell invasion ability was measured by Transwell assay .RESULTS:The expres-sion levels of ADD3 and ADD3-Ib were decreased in the CRC tissues as compared with the normal mucous (P<0.01), and ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio was increased in the CRC tissues (P<0.01).The expression level of ADD3-Ia was higher in T3-4 group than that in T1-2 group (P<0.05).Reduced expression of ADD3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib in colorectal polyps was observed compared with the normal tissues (P<0.01).Compared with the SW480 cells, the expression levels of ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib were lower (P<0.05) and the ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio was higher (P <0.01) in the SW620 cells.After treated with oxalipla-tin or fluorouracil, the cell activity, migration and invasion in the SW620 and SW480 cells were weakened accompanied by the increases in the expression levels of ADD 3, ADD3-Ia and ADD3-Ib to various certain extents .CONCLUSION:In CRC there is a tendency that ADD3-Ib reduction leads to ADD3 decrease, accompanied by an increased ADD3-Ia/Ib ratio.The expression changes of ADD 3 and its splicing isoforms in the CRC may be relevant to its invasion ability .

[Objective] The present study was to evaluate the association of serum total cholesterol level and prognosis in patients with acute left heart failure and associated mechanisms.[Methods] Sixty-eight patients due to acute episode of left heart failure prospectively enrolled,and baseline data and biochemical parameters were collected.After discharge,patients were follow-up for 1 month and they were divided into two groups (with and without cardiovascular events).Differences between groups were evaluated and the association of serum total cholesterol level and cardiovascular events were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.[Results] The mean age was 57.3 ± 12.6 years old and 52 cases were male patients accounting for 76.5 ％.Among these patients,46 had a diagnosis of coronary heart disease (67.6 ％),10 rheumatic heart disease (14.7 ％),12 dilated cardiomyopathy (17.7％),38hypertension (55.9％) and 24 diabetes mellitus (35.3％).After 1 month's follow up,39 patients (57.4％) had experienced cardiovascular events,36 cases were re-hospitalized,and 3 died from heart failure.Compared to those with cardiovascular events,event free individuals were younger and were less likely smokers (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,event free group had lower serum levels of N-terminal pro-BNP and C-reactive protein (P ＜ 0.05) while serum levels of total cholesterol and albumin were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in medication between these two groups.After adjusted for age,gender,smoking,systolic blood pressure,serum albumin level,diabetes,hypertension and medications,increased total cholesterol level was independently associated with better prognosis with odds ratio of 0.91 (95 ％ confidence interval 0.80-0.96).Further adjusted for C-reactive protein,the association was attenuated to non-significance,with odds ratio of 0.97 (95 ％ confidence interval 0.87-1.09).[Conclusion] Adequate serum total cholesterol level was beneficial for improving short-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with left heart failure and the potential mechanisms might be related to cholesterol effects on improving nutritional status and anti-inflammation.

Objective: To explore correlation among clinic blood pressure (CBP), ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and cardiovascular diseases in diabetic populations.Methods: A total of 336 patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who received 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, were selected.According to complicated with coronary heart disease or stroke or not, they were divided into cardiovascular disease group (CVD group, n=122) and no cardiovascular disease group (NCVD group, n=214).Blood lipids, blood pressure, CBP and ABP etc.were compared between two groups;according to median of 24h mean SBP (122mmHg), they were divided into <122mmHg group (n=168) and ≥122mmHg group (n=168), incidence of cardiovascular diseases was compared between these two groups.Results: (1) Compared with NCVD group, there were significant rise in age, percentages of smoking and hypertension, and plasma hsCRP level in CVD group (P<0.05 or <0.01);for ambulatory blood pressure,there were significant rise in levels of 24h mean SBP(mSBP) [(119.8±8.7)mmHg vs.(124.4±9.6) mmHg], daytime SBP (dSBP)[(121.4±9.3) mmHg vs.(128.0±10.3) mmHg] and nighttime SBP(nSBP) [(114.4±4.2) mmHg vs.(120.8±4.7) mmHg] in CVD group, P<0.01 all;there was no significant difference in CBP between two groups;(2) compared with <122mmHg group, there were significant rise in percentages of stroke (20.2% vs.25.0%) and total cardiovascular diseases (32.7% vs.39.9%) in ≥122mmHg group, P<0.01 both;(3) Logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetic patients no matter complicated with hypertension or not, 24h mean SBP was always an independent risk factors of diabetic patients complicated cardiovascular diseases (OR=1.83, 1.36, P<0.05 all).Conclusion: ABP is superior to CBP in predicting cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes, and 24h mean SBP may be a good ABP index to predict cardiovascular risk.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein expressions and nitric oxide (NO) content in the rat glomeruli in response to leptin stimulation.

METHODSThe glomeruli isolated from male SD rats were stimulated with 3 nmol/L leptin for 2 h. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the mRNA and protein expressions of AGT, AT(1)R and eNOS in the glomeruli, and nitrite concentration in the glomeruli was measured by nitrate reductase assay.

RESULTSIn comparison with the control group, exposure to leptin increased the mRNA levels of AGT, ATR(1) and eNOS in the isolated glomeruli by 2.69-/+0.17, 3.77-/+0.16 and 2.56-/+0.29 folds (P=0.024, 0.018 and 0.044), and their protein levels by 2.06-/+0.10, 2.67-/+0.08 and 1.61-/+0.13 folds (P=0.021, 0.015 and 0.032), respectively. The NO production in the glomeruli was also increased by 2.77-/+0.14 folds (P=0.000) following leptin exposure.

CONCLUSIONLeptin exposure of isolated rat glomeruli directly causes activation of the internal renal renin-angiotensin system and enhanced NO production, suggesting that leptin plays a role in the pathogenesis of maladaptation in renal hemodynamics in obesity.

Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Kidney Glomerulus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Leptin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on MDM2 gene expression in astrocytoma cell line SHG-44, and to provide basic data for further research on the progression mechanism and gene therapy of human astrocytoma.

METHODSThe differential expressions of MDM2 gene and protein in SHG-44 cells were detected by cDNA microarray and Western blot, respectively, before and after treatment of ATRA. The expressions of MDM2 protein in WHO grade II and grade IV astrocytomas were determined by immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase method. Some differentially expressed genes were selected randomly for Northern blot analysis.

RESULTSThe intensity ratio of ATRA-treated to untreated SHG-44 cell was 0.37 in the cDNA microarray, suggesting that the expression of MDM2 gene was down-regulated in SHG-44 cells after treatment with ATRA. Some genes differentially expressed in the microarray were confirmed by Northern blot. Western blot demonstrated that the optical density ratios of MDM2 to beta-actin in ATRA-treated and untreated SHG-44 were 14.02+/-0.35 and 21.40+/-0.58 (t = 24.728, P = 0.000), respectively, suggesting that the expression of MDM2 protein was inhibited in ATRA-treated SHG-44 cells. Moreover, the percentages of MDM2-positive protein were 24.00% (6/25) and 56.52% (13/23) (chi(2) = 5.298, P = 0.021) in WHO grade II and grade IV astrocytomas, respectively, suggesting that the expression of MDM2 protein may increase along with the elevation of astrocytoma malignancy.

CONCLUSIONATRA can inhibit MDM2 gene expression in SHG-44 cells, and MDM2 is related to astrocytoma progression.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Astrocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Size ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

Animals ; Carps ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fish Proteins ; genetics ; Hydroxylation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; Lakes

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of domestic oseltamivir in patients with influenza. Methods A randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial was performed.Patients in the study group received domestic oseltamivir, while the patients in control group received foreign oseltamivir. The doses were both 75 mg every time, twice a day. The treatment durations in both groups were 5 days. Chi square test was performed to compare baseline characteristics and the difference of side effects. Paired t test was used to compare the efficacy. Results Two hundred and nine patients were enrolled in this study (98 cases in study group. 111 cases in control group). The trend in body temperature change was similar in the two groups (t = 0. 061, P>0. 05). The score of symptom severity decreased more quickly in patients treated with foreign oseltamivir compared to those treated with domestic oseltamivir during the period from 24 h to 48 h. However, the difference between the two groups diminished gradually and was not statistically significant at 72 h (t=0. 875,P>0. 05). The safety of the domestic and foreign oseltamivir were comparable(X2 = 0. 197,P>0. 05). Conclusion The domestic oseltamivir is as effective and safe as the foreign oseltamivir.