BACKGROUND:It is reported that gelatin sponge particles and chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres have high application prospects in the treatment of hemoptysis of pulmonary tuberculosis.METHODS: Forty SPF Kunming mice were selected to make animal models of pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis using aerosolized inhalation device and randomly divided into two groups undergoing embolization for hemostasis using gelatin sponge particles and chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres, respectively. Body mass changes, hemostasis time, effective rate of hemostasis, related indexes of myocardium and pathological changes of pulmonary tuberculosis were observed at 15 and 30 days after treatment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Mice in the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres group had higher body mass than those in the gelatin sponge group at 15 days after treatment (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the gelatin sponge group, the hemostatic efficiency was higher and the time of hemostasis was shorter in the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres group (P< 0.05). (3) There were no significant differences in the levels of BNP precursor, creatine kinase isoenzyme and creatine kinase between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) The lymphocyte infiltration and necrotic lesions were found around the microspheres, necrotic lesions were found, and there were a lot of active cells on the microspheres. There were a few lymphocytes in the gelatin sponge group. These results show that that the chitosan/α, β-glycerophosphate gel microspheres have better hemostatic effects in comparison with gelatin sponge particles in a mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To study the characteristics of Th17 cells frequency and the relationship with clinical characters in paediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods Forty-five paediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B within 16-year old from December 2010 to February 2014 in Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital were enrolled in present study,and 11 age-matched healthy children were enrolled as control group.Hepatitis B virus markers(HBV-M),HBV-DNA loads and alanine amino shift enzyme(ALT) levels in serum were detected in the two groups.The frequencies of Thl7 cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry.Tumor grade was classed in Children with liver tissue.Results Compared with the control group ((1.61 ± 0.56) ％),the Th17 cells frequencies in peripheral blood ((3.03 ± 1.08) ％) were significantly increased in chronic hepatitis B paediatric patients(t=-0.52,P＜0.01).There was no correlations between Th17 cells frequencies with HBV DNA quantity(lg(HBV-DNA)6.49±3.25) and ALT level((40.5±11.3) U/L) (P ＞0.05).The patients with higher HAI scores (G2-G3) had a greater proportion of Th17 cells ((5.95 ±2.05)％) than those with lower HAI scores(G0-G1) ((1.31±0.19)％),and the difference was significant(t =-1.51,P＜0.01).Conclusion Th17 cells frequencies in peripheral blood were associated closely with liver injury in paediatric patients with CHB.

Objective:To explore the effect of Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil on the mi RNA expression profiling in myocardium tissue of the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs),and to clarify the possible mechanism of Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil.Methods:All the SHRs were divided into Angelica group,model group and captopril group,and other Wistar rats with the same age were selected as control group.The non-invasive systolic blood pressure was detected;after 4 weeks of administration,the changes of miRNA expression profiling in myocardium tissue were measured by Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 Array.KEGG analysis was used to identify the target genes. Results:Compared with control group,the systolic blood pressure of the rats in model group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05)before treatment.4 weeks after administration,compared with model group,the systolic blood pressure of the rats in Angelica group was significantly decreased (P <0.05).Compared with model group, 29 differential miRNAs of rats in Angelica group were found (P < 0.05 ), with 13 up-regulated miRNAs and 16 down-regulated miRNAs.The KEGG analysis results showed that miR-19a,let-7i,and miR-181c were related to insulin signaling pathways; let-7i, miR-181a, and miR-455 were related to VEGF signaling pathways;miR-122,miR-181a, miR-200b, miR-181c, let-7i, and miR-19a were related to apoptosis (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion:Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil can decrease the blood pressure in SHRs and it can regulate the blood pressure by regulating the miRNA related to insulin signaling pathways and VEGF signaling pathways.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of microRNA (miR)-155 and miR -222 in plasma of patients with ventricular septal defect(VSD),and to analyze the possible mechanism.Methods A total of 20 children with VSD who received treatment at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery from August 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled (the VSD group)and 15 patients with fracture (the control group).The plasma miR -155 and miR -222 expression levels were measured by real -time quantitative reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT -qPCR).The potential target genes of miR -155 and miR -222 were predicted by using 3 current-ly available prediction programs,including TargetScan,mirbase and Miranda,and the signaling pathway of miRNA was predicted by Pathway -express analysis.Results Compared with the control group,the expression levels of miR -155 (P =0.033)and miR -222(P <0.001)in the VSD group decreased significantly;miR -155 and miR -222 predic-ted target genes included 74 and 50,respectively.The Pathway -express analysis indicated that 7 signaling pathways played important roles in the occurrence of fetal VSD,including signaling pathways for heart development,such as:mito-gen -activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.Conclusions The expression levels of plasma miR -155 and miR -222 in VSD were significantly decreased.The target genes were related to signaling pathways for heart deve-lopment (MAPK signaling pathway),which indicates that miR -155 and miR -222 may be involved in the pathological process of VSD,and may serve as an independent evaluation indicator for the diagnosis of VSD.

Asian People/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the concentration of teeth DNA extracted by three different pretreatment methods and to explore a simple, economical and practical pretreatment method with high concentration of extracted DNA from teeth. METHODS: A total number of 21 molars were collected from 7 corpses. The pretreatment of 3 molars from each individual was randomly performed by tooth crumb method, ball-milling method and liquid nitrogen milling method and 50 mg tooth crumb was weight and DNA was extracted by AutoMate Express forensic DNA extraction system. Subsequently, the concentration of DNA and corresponding STR genotyping of three methods were compared. RESULTS: The DNA concentration extracted by tooth crumb method, ball-milling method and liquid nitrogen milling method was 0.055 6-1.989 1 ng/μL, 0.036 6-1.175 6 ng/μL and 0.037 8-1.249 0 ng/μL, respectively. The DNA concentration obtained by tooth crumb method was higher (P < 0.05) and the success rate of STR genotyping was high. CONCLUSION Combined with AutoMate Express forensic DNA extraction system, tooth crumb method is an efficient and feasible method to extract DNA from teeth, which can be applied in forensic practice.
DNA/isolation & purification* ; DNA Fingerprinting/methods* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Tooth

We revisited the "Xiao Chaihu Decoction event (XCHDE)" occurred in late 1980s in Japan and the Bupleuri Radix related adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in China After careful review, comparison, analysis and evaluation, we think the interstitial pneumonitis, drug induced Liver injury (DILI) and other severe adverse drug envents (ADEs) including death happened in Japan is probably results from multiple factors, including combinatory use of XCHDE with interferon, Kampo usage under modern medicine theory guidance, and use of XCHD on the basis of disease diagnosis instead of traditional Chinese syndrome complex differentiation. There are less ADE case reports related to XCHD preparation in China compared to Japan, mostly manifest with hypersensitivity responses of skin and perfuse perspiration. The symptoms of Radix Bupleuri injection related ADEs mainly manifest hypersensitivity-like response, 2 cases of intravenous infusion instead of intramuscular injection developed hypokalemia and renal failure. One case died from severe hypersensitivity shock. In Chinese literatures, there is no report of the interstitial pneumonitis and DILI associated with XCHDG in Japan. So far, there is no voluntary monitoring data and large sample clinical research data available. The author elaborated the classification of "reevaluation" and clarified "re-evaluation upon events" included the reaction to the suspected safety and efficacy events. Based on the current status of the clinical research on the Radix Bupleuri preparations, the author points out that post-marketing "re-evaluation upon suspected event" is not only a necessity of continuous evaluation of the safety, efficacy of drugs, it is also a necessity for providing objective clinical research data to share with the international and domestic drug administrations in the risk-benefit evaluation. It is also the unavoidable pathway to culture and push the excellent species and famous brands of TCM to the international market, in that it enhances the pharmaceutical manufactures the ability to control enterprise risk and eliminate the negative impact on traditional Chinese medicine. With the widely used and ADR report concentrated Radix Bupleuri injection as an example, the author provide a new approach to post-marketing clinical research.
Bupleurum ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; methods ; Safety

Based on the literature study,the thoughts and possible therapeutic mechanism in treating male infertility from the perspective of spleen and kidney by regulating intestinal flora were explored.Disturbance of intestinal flora is one of the important factors leading to the development of male infertility,and the spleen and kidney have certain similarities to intestinal flora in the physiological function and pathological changes.Moreover,tonifying the kidney and strengthening the spleen can regulate the intestinal flora by fostering the growth of beneficial bacteria,inhibiting the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria,and protecting the barrier of the intestinal mucosa.Therefore,the possible therapeutic mechanisms in treating male infertility with the prescriptions for tonifying the kidney and strengthening the spleen to regulate intestinal flora are as follows:inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors to reduce the inflammatory reaction of testicular tissues;improving the antioxidant capacity to alleviate the damage of spermatozoa caused by oxidative stress,and improving the bad mood to alleviate the impact of psychological stress on the reproductive system.The exploration of the thoughts for treating male infertility from the perspective of spleen and kidney by regulating intestinal flora may provide a new entry point for modern Chinese medicine clinical treatment of male infertility.

Growth suitability as assessment indicators for medicinal plants cultivation was proposed based on chemical quality determination and ecological factors analysis by Maxent and ArcGIS model. Notopterygium incisum, an endangered Chinese medicinal plant, was analyzed as a case, its potential distribution areas at different suitability grade and regionalization map were formulated based on growth suitability theory. The results showed that the most suitable habitats is Sichuan province, and more than 60% of the most suitable areawas located in the western Sichuan such as Aba and Ganzi prefectures for N. incisum. The results indicated that habitat altitude, average air temperature in September, and vegetation types were the dominant factors contributing to the grade of plant growth, precipitation and slope were the major factors contributing to notopterol accumulation in its underground parts, while isoimperatorin in its underground parts was negatively corelated with precipitation and slope of its habitat. However, slope as a factor influencing chemical components seemed to be a pseudo corelationship. Therefore, there were distinguishing differences between growth suitability and quality suitability for medicinal plants, which was helpful to further research and practice of cultivation regionalization, wild resource monitoring and large-scale cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine plants.
Apiaceae ; growth & development ; China ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geographic Information Systems ; Soil ; chemistry ; Temperature

Despite strict pre- and post-transplantation screening, the incidence of new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) remains as high as 60%. This complication affects the risk of cardiovascular events and patient and graft survival rates. Thus, reducing the impact of NODAT could improve overall transplant success. The pathogenesis of NODAT is multifactorial, and both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors have been implicated. Monitoring and controlling the blood glucose profile, implementing multidisciplinary care, performing lifestyle modifications, using a modified immunosuppressive regimen, administering anti-metabolite agents, and taking a conventional antidiabetic approach may diminish the incidence of NODAT. In addition to these preventive strategies, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) by the gliptin family of drugs has recently gained considerable interest as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus and NODAT. This review focuses on the role of DPP4 inhibitors and discusses recent literature regarding management of NODAT.
Animals ; Blood Glucose/drug effects/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/*drug therapy/enzymology/etiology ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/*metabolism ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome