98 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from different internal tissues of Glycyrrhiza uralensis plants collected from Innermongolia region. Results indicated that the population densities of endophytic bacteria ranged from 5.0?104cfu/g～2.9?107cfu/g fresh weight although it varied depending on tissue of the plant. Among these strains, Bacillus sp. was the most prevalent endophytic bacterium, which was amount to 30%.Of the 98 isolates, 6 strains exhibited extensive antagonistic activities against pathogenic bacteria. Characterization showed that these bacteria were Bacillus atrophaeus、Paenibacillus polymyxa、Bacillus subtilis、Paenibacillus ehimensis. This study indicated that selected 6 endophytic bacteria strains have potential for biological control of plant disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation and the characteristics of laboratory examinations of invasive Scedocporium infection.Methods The clinical data of 8 patients infected with Scedosporium from January 2011 to April 2017 were collected and retrospective analysis combined with related literatures was performed.Results Among the 8 patients,6 strains of S.apiospermum,1 strains of Peudallescheria boydii and 1 strains of S.prolificans were detectable.The predisposing factors of Scedosporium infection were trauma,environmental exposure and hypoimmunity.The septahypha in specimens could be direcdy observed under microscopic examination with positive rate 100％.The growth speed of cultured colony was relatively fast and the invasiveness was strong.The colony of Scedosporium displayed various forms from white cashmere to black yeast sample.The color was gradually become dark from the center of colony with lengthening time of cultivation.Scedosporium could be identified by microscopic morphology combining culture technique.Conclusion The course of invasive Scedosporium infection may progress rapidly with serious and dangerous illness state.The most common infection of Scedosporium should be induced by S.apiospernum.The knowledge and understanding for Scedosporium infection should be strengthened to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUNDGastric cancer ranks high among the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. This study was designed to explore key genes involved in the progression of normal gastric epithelial cells to moderate gastric epithelial dysplasia (mGED) and to gastric cancer.

METHODSTwelve pairs of mGED tissues, gastric cancer tissues, and normal gastric tissues were collected by gastroscopy. Total RNA was then extracted and purified. After the addition of fluorescent tags, hybridization was carried out on a Gene chip microarray slide. Significance analysis of microarrays was performed to determine significant differences in gene expression between the different tissue types.

RESULTSMicroarray data analysis revealed totally 34 genes that were expressed differently: 18 highly expressed (fold change > 2; P < 0.01) and 16 down-regulated (fold change > 2; P < 0.01). Of the 34 genes, 24 belonged to several different functional categories such as structural molecule activity, extracellular regions, structural formation, cell death, biological adhesion, developmental processes, locomotion, and biological regulation that were associated with cancer. The remaining 10 genes were not involved in cancer research. Of these genes, the expression levels of Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12), Caspase-associated recruitment domain 14 (CARD14), and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. A two-way clustering algorithm divided the 36 samples into three categories and the overall correct classification efficiency was 80.6% (29/36). Almost all of these genes (31/34) showed constant changes in the process of normal gastric epithelial cells to mGED to gastric cancer.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study provided global gene expression profiles during the development and progression from normal gastric epithelial cells to mGED to gastric cancer. These data may provide new insights into the molecular pathology of gastric cancer which may be useful for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; Transcriptome ; genetics

Background Gastric cancer ranks high among the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide.This study was designed to explore key genes involved in the progression of normal gastric epithelial cells to moderate gastric epithelial dysplasia (mGED) and to gastric cancer.Methods Twelve pairs of mGED tissues,gastric cancer tissues,and normal gastric tissues were collected by gastroscopy.Total RNA was then extracted and purified.After the addition of fluorescent tags,hybridization was carried out on a Gene chip microarray slide.Significance analysis of microarrays was performed to determine significant differences in gene expression between the different tissue types.Results Microarray data analysis revealed totally 34 genes that were expressed differently:18 highly expressed (fold change＞2; P＜0.01) and 16 down-regulated (fold change ＞2; P ＜0.01).Of the 34 genes,24 belonged to several different functional categories such as structural molecule activity,extracellular regions,structural formation,cell death,biological adhesion,developmental processes,locomotion,and biological regulation that were associated with cancer.The remaining 10 genes were not involved in cancer research.Of these genes,the expression levels of Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12),Caspase-associated recruitment domain 14 (CARD14),and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1)were confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.A two-way clustering algorithm divided the 36 samples into three categories and the overall correct classification efficiency was 80.6％ (29/36).Almost all of these genes (31/34) showed constant changes in the process of normal gastric epithelial cells to mGED to gastric cancer.Conclusions The results of this study provided global gene expression profiles during the development and progression from normal gastric epithelial cells to mGED to gastric cancer.These data may provide new insights into the molecular pathology of gastric cancer which may be useful for the detection,diagnosis,and treatment.

It was recently shown that several new synthetic 2-alkylsulfanyl-6-benzyl-3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-one (S-DABO) derivatives demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity. Three of the derivatives namely RZK-4, RZK-5 and RZK-6 were used in this study to explore their inhibitory effects on a variety of HIV strains. These compounds at a concentration of 200 microg mL(-1) almost completely inhibited the activity of recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. All of the three compounds reduced replication of HIV-1 laboratory-derived strains, low-passage clinical isolated strain, and the drug resistant strain. In particular RZK-6 showed potent activity against the HIV-1 drug resistant strain. In general, the antiviral activities are similar in magnitude to nevirapine (NVP), which is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved by FDA. The therapeutic indexes of these compounds were remarkable, ranging from 3704 to 38462 indicating extremely low cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the three S-DABO derivatives in this study have good potential for further development in anti-HIV-1 therapy. It may be particularly useful to target at the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistant HIV-1 strain.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzyl Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Humans ; Pyrimidinones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy ( LIBS ) was proposed to rapidly discriminate microbe species. Ten species of microbes were prepared in lab. Filter papers were selected as substrate for enriching bacteria and enhancing the quality of LIBS. The images of plasma were collected by ICCD camera and LIBS spectra were obtained by spectrometers. The results displayed that the images and spectra were different from 10 bacteria. It was demonstrated that this method was feasible to discriminate bacteria species by analyzing image and/or spectroscopy. Furthermore, nine smooth and multiple scattering correction ( MSC) were utilized to preprocess the LIBS full-spectrum data in the wavelength range of 200-420 nm and 560-680 nm. And principal component analysis ( PCA) and PCA-RF ( Random forest) were compared to validate the accuracy of discrimination. The investigation showed that the PCA-RF model coupled with suitable methods in preprocessing data could identify bacteria. The accuracy was 99. 6% for ten species of microbes by evaluating LIBS spectra in training set, and 96. 7% in predicting set. This report indicated that it is feasible to differentiate bacteria species by analyzing LIBS spectra.

ObjectiveTo identify the protective effect and possible mechanism of Gandou Fumu decoction （GDFMD） on liver fibrosis in mice with Wilson's disease. MethodA total of 50 homozygous TX^J mice were randomly divided into five groups， with 10 mice in each group. Ten wild-type mice were selected as a normal group. The GDFMD high， medium， and low-dose groups were given 13.92， 6.96， 3.48 g·kg^-1 of GDFMD， respectively. The penicillamine group were given 0.1 g·kg^-1 of penicillamine. The model group and the normal group were given the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method was performed to detect serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. Corresponding kits were used to detect the mitochondrial adenine triphosphate （ATP） content and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in liver tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of liver tissue， and transmission electron microscope was used to observe ultrastructural changes of liver tissues in mice. Western blot was used to detect the c-Jun N-terminal kinase， the phosphorylated protein， and the expressions of Caspase-3， B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） in c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） signaling pathway. ResultCompared with the normal group， MDA content increased and SOD activity decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， SOD activities in the GDFMD high-， medium-， and low-dose groups and the penicillamine group significantly increased （P<0.01）， and MDA content significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， ATP content and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity significantly decrease in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， ATP content and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in the GDFMD medium and high-dose groups and the penicillamine group significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of the pathological morphology of liver tissue showed that a large number of liver cells degeneration and necrosis， inflammatory cell infiltration， unclear liver lobule structure， and collagen fiber deposition were observed in the model group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of mitochondria in liver tissues significantly reduced， the mitochondria were locally damaged， and the cristae of mitochondria were broken even disappear in the model group. The pathological morphology of liver tissue and mitochondrial structure recovered to varying degrees after medicinal intervention. The results of Western blot suggested that， compared with the normal group， the expression levels of phosphorylation-JNK （p-JNK）， p-JNK/JNK， Caspase-3， and Bax in the liver tissues were up-regulated， while the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the model group （P<0.05）. The expression levels of p-JNK， p-JNK/JNK， Caspase-3 and Bax were down-regulated and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated in the GDFMD high and medium-dose groups and the penicillamine group （P<0.01）. ConclusionGDFMD can alleviate oxidative stress damage and recover mitochondrial function of TX^J mice with liver fibrosis. The mechanism of GDFMD may be related to regulating the JNK signaling pathway and downstream factors and inhibiting cell apoptosis.