Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular embolization in treating ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid. Methods During the period from July 2008 to August 2013, a total of 23 patients with ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid were admitted to authors’ hospital to receive endovascular embolization. According to Hunt-Hess classification, grade I lesion was seen in 11 cases, grade Ⅱ in 10 cases and grade Ⅲ in 2 cases. The aneurysm diameter ranged from 2.2 mm to 19.9 mm, with a mean diameter of 5.7 mm. After the treatment follow-up examinations with DSA, MRA and modified Rankin scale were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic results. Results A total of 27 ophthalmic segment aneurysms were detected in 23 patients. Endovascular embolization was performed with guglielmi detachable coils (n = 15) or solitaire AB stent-assisted coil (n = 12). The therapeutic results immediately after the embolization were graded by Raymond classification. Complete obliteration (Grade I) was obtained in 22 aneurysms, residual neck (grade Ⅱ) in 4 aneurysms and residual aneurysm (grade Ⅲ) in one aneurysm. Procedure-related complications occurred in 3 patients, including thrombosis in the aneurysm neck (n=1), tail of the coil protruding into the stent (n=1) and transient blindness (n=1). Eighteen patients were followed up for 2 - 62 months. Follow- up examinations with angiography showed that complete embolization of the aneurysm was obtained in 15 cases (84%) and subtotal embolization of the aneurysm was seen in 3 cases (16%). In one patient who had bilateral aneurysms, the aneurysm on the untreated side was enlarged with increasing time. During the follow-up period, 18 patients had a modified Rankin score of 0 -1, and all these patients had stable clinical condition with no newly-developed neurological dysfunction or re-bleeding. Conclusion For the treatment of ophthalmic segment aneurysms of internal carotid, endovascular embolization is minimally-invasive, safe and effective, although its long-term effect and safety need to be further studied.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of tirofiban in stent-assisted coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms.Methods Totally 31 patients who were treated using stent-assisted coil embolization were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were divided into aspirin combined clopidogrel group (double resistance group,n=18) and tirofiban group (n=13).Tirofiban was injected after the stent was semi-released or released completely.The patients were followed-up after operation to assess whether the patient had a new infarction,stent patency and aneurysm embolization effect.One day before operation and 3 days after operation,platelet count and activated thromboplastin time (APTT) were detected respectively.Score Glasgow (GOS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients and the operative complications were recorded.Results A total of 34 aneurysms were found in 31 patients,and 32 aneurysms were treated.Urinary tract hemorrhage was founded in 1 case and recurrent aneurysms were founded in 7 cases after embolization.None of the patients developed thrombocytopenia,retroperitoneal and gastrointestinal bleeding related to tirofiban administration.There were no postoperative cerebral infarction and thrombosis events.GOS of 27 cases were ≥4.Platelet count and APTT 1 day before and 3 days after operation had no statistically significance between two groups (both P＞0.05).Conclusion It is safe and effective for tirofiban in stent-assisted aneurysm embolization and can be used as an alternative to the dual resistance.

The clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in tumor imaging has been widely recognized.However,the related cost is high.SPECT is used more widely.So 99Tcm-labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be easily accessed.The recent progress of glucose and its analogs labeled by 99Tcm in tumor imaging is focused.

Objective To investigate the possible association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene and epileptic drug resistance in a central Chinese Han population.Methods A case control study was performed in 364 epileptic patients.According to the criteria of drug resistant epilepsy proposed by International League Against Epilepsy in 2010,143 patients were classified into drug resistant group and 221 patients into drug responsive group.The peripheral venous blood of each patient was collected for DNA extraction after clinical evaluation.The candidate ApoE SNPs loci,including rs7412 and rs769450,were genotyped by BeadChip Scanning and GoldenGate Assay following the Illumina protocols.The differences in allelic and genotypic frequency were compared between groups.Linkage disequilibrium was calculated through SHEsis platform.Results There was no significant difference for genotype or allele of rs7412 between groups.The GG genotype (OR =2.038,95％ CI 1.196-3.475,P=0.009) and G allele (OR =1.618,95％CI 1.193-2.193,P=0.002) of rs7412 were significantly more abundant in the drug resistant group.As for idiopathic epileptic patients,the GG genotype (OR =2.110,95％ CI 1.189-3.744,P =0.011) and G allele (OR =1.641,95％ CI 1.187-2.270,P =0.003) of rs7412 were still significantly more abundant in the drug resistant group.There was no linkage disequilibrium between the two loci with D' value of 0.072.Conclusion The GG genotype and G allele of ApoE rs769450 may be associated with epileptic drug resistance in a central Chinese Han population.

Objective To introduce small group learning in the course of introduction to gen-eral practice to cultivate students' ability of active learning and innovation. Methods Totally 221 students of 2008 grade A and B classes were enrolled as teaching objects and were divided into 20 groups. Introduction to general practice was used as learning materials. One week before the class, teacher gave students learning task and A and B classes carried on class discussion respectively. Re-view speaking was conducted by the representatives of groups. Effectiveness was evaluated through the observation,interview,questionnaire survey and answer scoring points. Results Overall support per-centage to small group learning was 91%. Percentages of students who believed that small group learn-ing was beneficial to cultivating the ability of active learning and innovation were 88% and 73% re-spectively. Conclusions Introducing small group learning in the course of introduction to general practice is effective and conductive to training students' ability to study and innovate.

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor with an aggressive biological behavior, and the surgical treatment frequently results in failure for the postoperative recurrence. The aim of this article was to investigate whether the proliferative ability and prognosis of ameloblastoma could be evaluated by the radiographic boundary. The ameloblastoma cases treated by the conservative therapy in our hospital between 1981 and 2001 were divided into three groups based on the nature of the radiographic borders of the lesions. The biologic behavior was evaluated by Ki-67 antibody immunohistochemically. Comparisons of prognosis and Ki-67 expression were carried out by statistic methods. There were 24 cases of well-defined edge with sclerosis (group I), 41 cases of well-defined edge without sclerosis (group II) and 32 cases of ill-defined edge (group III). The recurrent rates were 29.2% in group I, 43.9% in group II and 62.5% in group III (P<0.05). The cells in group III expressed the highest Ki-67 level (P<0.05). The radiographic boundary could be used as one of indicators in evaluating the proliferative ability of ameloblastoma and the patient's prognosis, which was consistent with Ki-67 expression.
Adult ; Ameloblastoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Cell Proliferation ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Male ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Observer Variation ; Prognosis ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

AIM: G protein-coupled inwardly rectifier potassium (GIRK) channel are distributed widely in mammalian brain. In CNS, GIRK 1/2 seems to be the predominant heterotetramers which play a pivot role in the regulation of the excitability of neurons and may contribute to the resting potential by leading to a hyperpolarization of membrane potential and reduction of the action potential frequency. In the context, the Weaver mouse is the first neurological abnormality directly linked to a genetic point mutation in the GIRK2 protein which includes spontaneous seizure. GIRK2 knock out mice showed normal development but more susceptible than normal mice to seizure induced by GABA antagonist. Here, we report that the mRNA and protein expression of GIRK subunit 2 is altered in kainic acid(KA)-induced epileptic rat hippocampus. METHODS: Rats were injected with kainate 14 mg/kg intraperitoneally to establish an acute and chronic temporal lobe epilepsy model. At chronic spontaneous seizure stage, by using of in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, the GIRK 1,2 mRNA and protein were analyzed quantitatively in the dentate gyreus, CA1, CA3 regions of hippocampus. RESULTS: GIRK1,2 mRNA and proteins were expressed abundantly in all regions of hippocampus. KA induced seizures and caused a significant increase in GIRK2 mRNA abundance and immunoreacitivity; only GIRK1 mRNA was increased significantly, but no difference was found by Western blotting protocol. CONCLUSION: GIRK1,2 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus of epileptic rat brain is up-regulated, which may be an adaptive response to over-excitability of neuron networks and prevent the over-excitability spread in hippocampus (DG-CA3-CA1). [

0.05).But GR number[sites/cell]and the expression of GR mRNA in PBMCs from PM/DM was significantly lower than those in healthy controls(P

The present study evaluated the expression of key molecules and the status of DNA in both oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and adjacent tissues to establish a molecular surgical boundary and provide a cancer progression model. Biopsy samples from 50 OSCC patients were divided into T (cancer), P1 (0–0.5 cm), P2 (0.5–1 cm), P3 (1–1.5 cm) and P4 (1.5–2 cm) groups based on the distances from the visible boundary of the primary focus. Twenty samples of normal mucosa were used as controls. We used immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry to evaluate p53, p21CIP1/WAF1, eIF4E and Ki-67 expression and to determine DNA status, respectively. Sub-mucosal invasion was present in the P1 and P2 groups as determined by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Mutant p53 expression decreased gradually from cancerous to normal mucosae, whereas p21CIP1/WAF1 expression displayed an opposite trend. eIF4E expression decreased from cancerous to normal mucosae. Ki-67 expression, the heteroploidy ratio, S-phase fraction and proliferative index decreased gradually with the distance from the tumour centre. Based on these results, we suggest that the resection boundary in OSCC surgery should be beyond 2 cmfrom the tumour. Additionally, the adjacent tissues of the primary focus could be used as a model for assessing cancer progression.