In vitro release and fungicidal effect of Ketoconazol from different ointment base at 2% concentration was studied. The rank order of the release pass cellophane membrane was as follow: Emulel > PEG ointments > emulsified ointment > carbopol 934, CMC, HPMC gel. The bank order of the fungicidal effect in vitro was as follow: emulgel and emulsified ointment > hydrophilic ointment
Ketoconazole ; Imidazoles ; therapeutics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The influence of different ointment bases and percutaneous penetration enhancers on in vitro release and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Fluoci-nolone acetonide was studied. The rank order of release through dialysis membrane was as follow: PEG> gel CMC> gel HPMC> gel carbopol> emugel>emultion. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of Fluocinolone acetonide on hairless rat skin was as follow: gel HPMC+0.5% I-menthol>gel carbopol +0.5% I-menthol > gel carbopol +0.5% I-methol > gel carbopol > oleaginous bases.
Fluocinolone Acetonide ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The in vitro release of Ketoprofen from different ointment bases at 2.5% concentration was studied. The rank order of the release pass dialysis membrane was as follow: emugel (used solid dispersion system with  - cyclodextrin) PEG ointments > carbopol 934, CMC, HPMC gel > emulsified ointment > absorption ointment > hydrophobic ointment
Ointments ; Ketoprofen

In vitro, the release of sodium diclofenac from different ointment bases at 1% concentration was studied. The rank order of the release pass dialysis membrane was as follow: Emugel carbopol 934, CMC, HPMC gel> emulsified ointment> absorption ointment> hydrophobic ointment.
Diclofenac ; Ointments

The effect of the bases and added substances on the release and absorption of sodium diclofenac from its different ointment formulations was studied. The results shown that the released extent of sodium diclofenac from different ointment bases across dialysis membrane was following the order: water soluble bases > emulsion bases > emugel bases > hydrocarbon bases and carbopol 934 gel with 1.2% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 0.5% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 3% oleic acid > carbopol 934 gel only. The percutaneous absorbed extent of sodium diclofenac across the rat hairless skin was evaluated indirectly based on antiinflammatory action on the rat leg stimulated edema by 0.1 ml of 1% caragenin solution. The average reduced percent of leg edema volume of the experimented rat group was obtained in such order: carbopol 934 gel with 1.2% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 0.5% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 3% oleic acid > carbopol 934 gel only. This result demonstrated that there was a correlation between in vitro release and in vivo percutaneous absorption of sodium diclofenac through the rat hairless skin.
Diclofenac ; Ointments

Enteric solid dispersions of artemisinine were prepared by spray drying using methacrylic acid copolymer (Eudragit L100) as carrier and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), Tween 20, PEG 6000, colloidal silica (aerosil) as additives. Spherical solid dispersion particles were obtained. Both solubility and dissolution rate of artemisinine studied in the medium pH 7.2 from all solid dispersions were markedly improved compared with that from the original or spray dried drug powder. The drug release rate of tablets that were made from the solid dispersion with drug-carrier ratio of 1:2 was nearly unchanged in medium pH 7.2 and was retarded in medium pH 1.5 in comparison with the solid dispersion powder.
Artemisinine ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; therapeutics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

Background: Spinal injury is a severe, common injury in surgical emergency. In Vietnam, there are only few studies on fixing thoracolumbar spine. Objectives: To assess and to provide some preliminary remarks on the results of emergency surgery fixing thoracolumbar spine, performed in Viet Duc Hospital. Subjects and method: A descriptive, prospective study was conducted on 31 patients with thoracolumbar spinal injury (22 males, 9 females, the average age 35 years old), operated in Viet Duc hospital from January, 2005 to July, 2006. Results:Patients with thoracolumbar spinal injury was common seen in working ages. 45.2% of them were farmers. 21/31 patients caused by falls. For non-complete paralysis patients, emergency surgery was required as soon as possible. The most of patients recovered completely. For thoracolumbar spinal injury, Burst-fracture and non complete paralysis, surgery with anterior way should be performed to release cord compression and bone graft. For cases of Burst-fracture, no paralysis, surgery with anterior way helped bone fractures were easy to heal, avoiding postoperative humpback recurrence. Conclusion: Combined surgery with 2 ways (before and after) guaranteed fixing spine, making bone healing was more better in case of rupture of vertebrae, releasing directly spinal cord and facilitating to the best recovery of the spinal cord.
Spinal Injuries/ surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae/ injuries ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae/ injuries ; surgery ; Fractures ; Bone Emergencies ;

Background: There is nearly 3,5 billion people infected Helicobacter pylori in over the world. Objectives: To investigate Helicobacter pylori (HP) seroprevalence (by ELISA technique) and related risk factors (by questionnaire set) in children of different ethnics. Subjects and method: This cross - sectional study was carried out in Ban Qua, a mountainous village of a northern border province with a population of 408 children under 18 from 245 households (consisting of 781 members) with 5 ethnics. HP seroprevalence was determined by ELISA technique and risk factors by structure questionnaire. Results: HP seroprevalence in children under 18 was 26.7% without sex predominance but with significant ethnical difference: 16.1 % in H\u2019mong, 16.7% in Tay, 20.3% in Dao, 38.5% in Giay and 41.0% in Kinh (p < 0.001); and increased with age, particularly in 3 - 6 aged group, by the rate of 1-1.5%/year. The study results showed that age, HP infection in sibling, breastfeeding beyond 12 months and family history of gastro duodenal disorders were independently associated to HP infection in children. In addition, HP infection in parents and illiteracy in mothers were also significantly related to higher seropositivity in children (p<0.03 and <0.045, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that although the rate of HP infection in minority ethnics was lower than in the majority (Kinh), but risk factors for the infection were somewhat similar to those identified in other studies in Kinh people.
Helicobacter pylori/ pathogenicity ; Child

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic tumor and one of the most common cancers worldwide. HCC is a primary malignancy of hepatocellular origin. Objectives:The aim of study is to combinate therapy of transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneousethanol injection afterward emerging metatasis caused by fine needle aspiration cytology. Subjects and method: A 50 years old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma having a diameter of tumor more than 5 cm was treated by combination of transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneous ethanol injection from December 2000. Results & Conclusion: Results of study showed that: Transarterial chemoembolization and percutaneous ethanol injection are the two of non-surgical methods for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma which are most commonly available in applied clinical activities at present. Up to now, the patient's life expectancy after therapy is more than 6 years that means the result of treatment is very good. However, the emerging metatasis into the anterior-right-Iower chest wall that was caused by fine needle aspiration cytology should be reviewed for further evaluating clinical experience, especially in cases with quite clear imaging features of untrasonography and significantly elevated AFP level higher than 200 ng/rnl.
Carcinoma ; Hepatocellular/ pathology ; therapy

Objectives: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) initiative “My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene” has been lauded as effective in preventing hospital-associated infections, little is known about healthcare workers (HCWs)’ hand hygiene behavior. In this study, we sought to assess knowledge and attitudes towards the concepts in this initiative, as well as associated factors, among Vietnamese HCWs at a general hospital. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to HCWs at a central Vietnamese general hospital in 2015. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with HCWs’ knowledge and attitudes towards hand hygiene. Results: Of 120 respondents, 65.8% and 67.5% demonstrated appropriate knowledge and a positive attitude, respectively, regarding all 5 hand hygiene moments. Logistic regression indicated better knowledge of hand hygiene in workers who were over 30 years old, who were direct HCWs (rather than managers), who had frequent access to clinical information, and who received their clinical information from training. Those who worked in infectious and tropical disease wards, who had frequent access to clinical information, and who received information from training were more likely to have a positive attitude towards hand hygiene than their counterparts. Conclusions Although many Vietnamese HCWs displayed moderate knowledge and positive attitudes towards the WHO hand hygiene guidelines, a key gap remained. Regular education and training programs are needed to increase knowledge and to improve attitudes and practices towards hand hygiene. Furthermore, a combination of multimodal strategies and locally-adapted interventions is needed for sustainable hand hygiene adherence.