Retrospective study from January 1999 to October 2003 on 90 patients of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) treated at Viet Due Hospital in which demonstrated: male patients represented 56.7%; alcoholism 18.9%. The interval between onset syndrome and operation was: less than 48 hours: 14.4%; from 2 to 14 days: 74.4%; more than 14 days: 11.2%. Surgical procedures were performed: resection for the necrotic tissue and ample drainage (86 cases), pancreatectomy of head part and main part was done on 2 cases, abscess drainage for 2 cases; jejunostomy: 67 cases; biliary: 53 cases; management of other lesions for 3 cases; postoperative complication was presenting 35.6%; the mortality was 18.9%. This study showed that necrotizing pancreatitis did not well respond to medical treatment. The best time to take operation is on the third day still onset the syndrome. The surgical procedures as resection for necrotic tissue and drainage is most often management. Ample pacreatectomy is not employed due to it cause high mortality, can be up to 100%. Regarding patient nutrition, the jejunostomy is more effective and it can control infection as well. The biliary drainage can be indicated if bile duct was obstructed.
Pancreatitis , Therapeutics

From Nov 1997 to Nov 2000, at the Pediatrics Department of Hue Central Hospital, a study was performed on 132 children (87 males and 45 females) of an average age of 14.510.8 months. Results: in 64 subjects lung auscultation symptoms were (+). Lung auscultation symptoms incidence was 48.48% generally. The method had great value in diagnosis of pneumonia, with high specificity, however it is appropriate only at the medical institution at high levels
Pneumonia ; Child ; Lung

Background: There is limited study on risk behavior and HIV in fishermen. Objective: To define risky behavior and HIV among fishermen in Kien Giang. Subject and Method: Cross - sectional survey on 499 fishermen in Kien Giang. Results: The average age was 28.9, and approximately 43.5% were not married. Almost all were educated to primary and secondary level, while the illiterate ones accounted for 9.0%. The average age when people had sex for the first time was 19.7. The rate of drug abuse was 0.8%, but none of them injected drug. The number of people who thoroughly understood about HIV preventions accounted for 79.8%. A majority of people who answered showed positive attitude towards PLWA, 95.1 % of whom implied that they were ready to take care of HIV - infected family members. However there was about 77.8%, people who wanted to keep their infection status confidential. The proportion of people always using condom when having sex with CSWs during the past 12 months was only 65.9%. The rate of people who already had an HIV test was 11.2% and the rate of HIV infection among the target group accounted for 0.6%. Conclusion: Direct communication model with the message on using condoms when having sex and consultation for examination is suggested for prevention on HIV/AIDS in fishermen.
Risky behaviour ; HIV ; Fishermen ; Kien Giang

Background: Lai Chau is one of northwestern provinces of Vietnam, where there was a drug vice and high prevalence of drug users. It is necessary to evaluate the situation of HIV infection in this group. Objectives: A study on HIV prevalence and factors relating to the behaviors of HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in various districts of Lai Chau province. Subjects and method: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out on 330 IDUs in Lai Chau town and 3 districts of Lai Chau province from January to December 2007. Results: 40.30% of the IDUs tested positive for HIV, nearly 2 times higher than the prevalence in 2006 (23.2%). 87.27% of the IDUs never re-used their syringes and needles. However, 12.4% still sometimes re-used their syringes and needles. Of 43 IDUs (12.73%) who re-used their syringes and needles, only 27.91% always cleaned their syringes and needles, 23.26% cleaned their syringes and needles most of the time after using them and up to 27.91% only sometimes cleaned their syringes and needles. Most IDUs use heroin (97.88%). Percentage of IDUs sharing syringes and needles accounts for 12.42%. 10% of the IDUs had sexual intercourses with commercial sex workers within the last month. There is a relationship between the time of using drugs and the HIV prevalence rate. There is a double risk of HIV infection for the IDUs injecting drugs for 5 years and upwards compared to those injecting drugs less than 5 years. (p <0.05, OR = 2). Conclusion: It is required to develop communications in order to change the behaviors of HIV infection among IDUs in Lai Chau province.
HIV prevalence ; behaviors ; HIV infection ; injecting drug users ; Lai Chau

In order to study on epidemiological factors, clinical manifestation of AIDS patients in Vietnam, a retrospective study on 5247 AIDS patients in the whole country has been conducted from 1993-2001. The results of study showed that most of AIDS patients were male and young and almost cases used the injection. Clinical manifestations were prolonged fever and persistent diarrhea over 1 month and persistent diarrhea. Duration of HIV infected to AIDS and to death was short. It needs to implement voluntary counseling testing program and strengthen AIDS survey activities in Vietnam
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The diagnostic strategy based on the available diagnostic equipment. However, it should base on the specific condition of each individuals and available diagnostic equipment and their efficacy. From which the guideline of proper diagnosis was introduced for each hospital.
Diagnosis ; Abdominal Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

In order to study on epidemiological factors, clinical manifestation of AIDS patients in Vietnam, a retrospective study on 5247 AIDS patients in the whole country has been conducted from 1993-2001. The results of study showed that most of AIDS patients were male and young and almost cases used the injection. Clinical manifestations were prolonged fever and persistent diarrhea over 1 month and persistent diarrhea. Duration of HIV infected to AIDS and to death was short. It needs to implement voluntary counseling testing program and strengthen AIDS survey activities in Vietnam.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology

Background: Cau Giay is a district within Hanoi city, where diverse people live. Motorbike Taxi Drivers (MTDs) are at high-risk of HIV infection. Objectives: To study the knowledge, attitude and HIV transmission behaviors among MTDs in Cau Giay district. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and October 2007 on 250 MTDs who worked at Cau Giay district. Results and conclusions:30.4% MTDs perceived that HIV could not be transmitted to others via sharing nail clippers or scissors with HIV infected people, 42% believed HIV can transmit via mosquito bites, 72% thought the rate of the HIV transmission from mother to child was 100%, 40% were aware that HIV could be recognized from people's appearance. Only 26.5% of the respondents were aware of the 3 main effects of condom use (including prevention from pregnancy, STls and HIV). 83.2% considered HIV/AIDS infected people as social evils such as injecting drug users, Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs). 23.2% MTDs showed are agreeable when being asked to look for CSWs by customers. 12% MTDs agreed to seek out drugs when the customers requested. The survey also reveals that there were 49.2% of MTDs having sex with CSWs within the last 6 months, of which, 58.2% did not regularly practice safe sex with CSWs. Some risk factors included low level of education, time of being MTD >3 years, low income (less than 2,000,000 VND a month), less frequent appraisal books and newspapers. MTDs that were ready to look for CSWs and drugs via customers\u2019 requests also had high risk of using drugs as well as unsafe sex.
HIV transmission knowledge ; HIV transmission attitude ; HIV transmission behavior ; motorbike taxi driver

Background: The rate of Khmer ethnic minority living in An Giang, Kien Giang and Hau Giang were 3%, 12.9% and 3%, respectively.These provinces had some specific factors such as low education, income and knowledge about HIV/AIDS, high risk behavior and it is difficult to practice intervention methods therefore the awareness of HIV infection risk on this group is required. Objectives: To determine the HIV prevalence, describe knowledge, attitude and risky behaviors that led to syphilis and HIV infection of the Khmer ethnic group, which are used to propose suitable intervention and prevention models. Subject and methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted from September 2006 to June 2007 in the Khmer ethnic group, including both genders at the age ranging from 15 to 49, living in some districts of An Giang, Hau Giang and Kien Giang. Results: A total of 877 households and 2.400 people were interviewed. 98.62% of the people agreed to take a blood test for HIV. The average age of first intercourse was 20. The condom usage proportion was very low. The number of men using condoms in the latest intercourse with their wives or lovers accounted for only 7.2%. Moreover, only 3% of the women used condoms in the last 12 months. The drug usage was 0.6% in Hau Giang and 0.1 % in Kien Giang. The knowledge about HIV/AIDS of both men and women were 9.2% and 4.5%. The prevalence of people, who made HIV test in the three provinces accounted for only 3 to 4.6%. HIV infection rate was 0.2% in An Giang, 0.5% in Kien Giang and 0.5% in Hau Giang. Syphilis infection rates were 1.6%, 1.4% and 1.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Appropriate communicative model is an effective way for the prevention HIV/AIDS among Khmer ethnic group.
HIV/AIDS ; Khmer ethnic minority

Although the need for social and emotional development has existed for decades, implementing Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) in schools continues to get considerable attention as newer generations enter the educational system. The demand for development is presently increasing daily. No one challenges the significance of social-emotional learning and the influence of organizations on adolescent development today. Social-emotional learning matches accurately with the priorities in modern schools. In Vietnam, quantitative research was conducted on 350 high school students. This research aimed to determine how students evaluate the implementation of the Social-emotional learning model in soft skills education. The results revealed students’ interest in implementing the social-emotional learning model into soft skills education. In addition, the results indicated the obstacles to implementing the social-emotional learning model in soft skills education. This study’s findings suggested that school leaders and background educators should implement the social-emotional learning model and support, monitor, and evaluate program efficacy to ensure program objectives are reached and students acquire social and emotional abilities. In addition, the study suggested that specific strategies are necessary to limit the factors that prevent the implementation of the social-emotional learning model in high schools.