0.05).The proportion of TR degree improved in patients of two groups in a short-term.However,the difference of TR in long-term between two groups was statistically significant(P

Objective To evaluate the results of surgically treated Chiari Ⅰ malformation (CMI) with posterior fossa decompression and reconstruction techniques.Methods Sixty-nine patients with CMI malformation underwent posterior fossa reconstruction.The operation involes dissection soft tissue from the suboccipital region,decompression by removing the posterior rim of the foramen magnum.Then the dura was opened widely with Y shape,as it often acts as a constricting band,particularly at the level of the foramen magnum.After dissecting the subarachnoid adhesions in cisterna magna with microsurgery techniques,dissecting part of the tonsillar hernia,opening the foramen of Magendie into the 4th ventricle and closing the dura using artificial dura mater,cranial bone flaps was repositioned centrally along the inferior edge of the craniectomy defect,so as to support the dura over the cerebellar hemispheres.Results Until the final follow-up,the clinical symptoms were improved in 56 patients,3 had recurrence after 1 year postoperatived,4 had recurrenced after 2 years postoperatived,and 87.5％ patients were stable.The patients took followed-up MRI at least once form 3 months to 6 months,and 13 cases were lost.One case with tension pneumocephalus,and 5 cases with subcutaneous effusion and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) incision leakage.There were no death and disability.Thirty-one cases favors the development of syringomyelia,6 showed the stable of syringomyelia,and 2 had an increased size of the cavity.Conclusion Dissecting the subarachnoid adhesions in cisterna magna with microsurgery techniques,dissecting part of the tonsillar hernia,opening the foramen of Magendie into the 4th ventrica,and circulation of CSF pathway are important to improve thetherapeutic effect of CMI.It is also very important to decompression with small cranial bone flaps,closing the dura using artificial dura mater under no tension,and bone structure reconstruction in the clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)inhibitor SP600125 against acute liver failure in mice.Methods Fifty-five male C57/BL6 mice were divided into control group (n =30) and SP600125 group (n =25).The animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN,400 mg/kg body weight)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS,30 μg/kg body weight).The control group and SP600125 group were given 10％ dimethyl sulfoxide (15 mL/kg body weight) or SP600125 (75 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously 12 h and 1 h before D-GalN/LPS administration,respectively.D GalN/LPS induced mouse JNK activation was detected by immunohistochemistry for phospho JNK (p-JNK).D-GalN/LPS induced mouse liver cell apoptosis was detected by immunohistochemistry for Caspase-3 and TdT-mediated-dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL).Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level was tested to assess liver injury.Survival rate of mice within 24 h after D-GalN/LPS administration was observed.The comparison between groups was done by t test and survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results JNK activity in liver tissues,as indicated by observation of p-JNK positive cells by immunohistochemistry,was diminished 4 h after D-GalN/LPS administration in SP600125 group.Reduced Caspase-3 activity was observed 6 h after D-GalN/LPS administration in SP600125 group (as indicated in immunohistochemistry by Caspase-3 positive cells).Mice in SP600125 group showed significantly lower TUNEL-positive cell count than control group (43.0±24.5 vs 194.7±73.8; t=9.743,P=0.000).Serum ALT level 6 h after D-GalN/LPS administration was (24.0±54.7) U/L in SP600125 group,which was significantly lower than that in control group [(1234.4±478.4) U/L; t=4.734,P=0.0015].SP600125 also significantly improved the survival rate within 24 h after D-GalN/LPS administration (4/5 vs 1/10； x2=5.225,P=0.0223).Conclusions JNK inhibitor SP600125 exerts protective effects against D-GalN/LPS induced acute liver failure in mice by suppressing JNK activation and hepatocyte apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of 3.0 T mobile iMRI and neuronavigation in the microsurgical operation for the high grade gliomas in brain functional area.Methods The clinical data of 47 cases which were operated from April,2012 to August,2014 assisted by intraoperative magnetic resonance and neruonavigation system were analyzed retrospectively,including 19 cases of near the frontal motor areas,21 cases of closed to the dominant hemisphere language areas,and 7 cases of involved multiple lobes of the brain.The operative plans were made before the operative day using 3.0 T iMRI for T1-MPRAGE plain and enhancement magnetic resonance imaging sequence,diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequence and blood oxygenation level dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) sequence scanning.Before the start of operation,the margin of the tumor was marked on the scalp,and removed the tumor under the microscopy,according to the need 1-4 iMRI plain scan and enhanced scan were applied to reconstruct the real-time imaging of the residual tumors and corticospinal tract,and gained once more chances to remove the tumor repeatedly,until the tumor was removed totally,accurately and safely.Results The total resection rate increased from 63.8％ (30/47) to 95.7％ (45/47) by repeated resection,and 2 cases (4.3％ lesions) with subtotal resection.The dysfunction of motion and the language barrier got worse in 4 patients (8.5％).No cases with sever complication such as death and severe disability after operation.There were no intracranial hemorrhage,infection and other adverse events.Patients were followed up with nervous system symptoms and head MRI,the follow-up period was 3 months-2 years.Twenty-eight cases (59.6％) ob-tained good clinical efficacy;the dysfunction of motion and the language barrier got worse in 4 cases (8.5％);the symptoms and tumors recurrenced in 15 cases (31.9％).Conclusion The 3.0 T mobile iMRI system combined with functional neuronavigation can accurately display the relationships among the motor and language cortex,tumors and white matter fiber bundles real-timely.The extent of the tumor resection can be assessed accurately by real-time images provided by iMRI,and the residual tumor have chames to be resected repeatedly,until the tumors were resected totally before operation finished.The iMRI system can correct intraoperative brain shift timely.The total resection rate can be improved safely and accurately by one or more times resection.

Objective Provided the basis on psychological treatment for the earthquake wounded, through investigated the psychological healthy condition of them in Yushu, Qinghai Province. Method To investigated the 102 cases earthquake wounded from 15 - 18 April 2010 who transported from Yushu, Qinghai to West China hospital of Sichuan University; Accept standard: The wounded (96 cases) who could cooperated this investigative; Adopted the Hamiton anxiety scale( HAMA) to had a review investigation for the wounded in the from of talk, and used the SPSS statistics software to have the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test and correlation analysis for the investigation data. Results There were 55 of the 96 cases have been confirmed anxiety, HAMA > 14 points; 16 cases had serious anxiety (HAMA > 29 points); The average score in all of them equal to (17.3 ±10.8) points. And there was a remarkable difference between male and female. The age is possible have related degree with the wounded anxious. What the main in their characteristics of them was Psychic anxiety. Conclusions There was apparent anxiety of them whom came from Yushu, Qinghai, and they needed proactive psychological treatment, female、 middle-aged and elderly need more.

Objective To investigate the effects of sepia on stem cells,granulocyte and monocyte progentior cells and peripheral WBC in mice.Methods Different dosages of sepia were given to normal and model mice with hematopoietic system impairment respectively.The numbers of CFU-S,CFU-GM and peripheral WBC in normal and model mice were measured respectively with the method of hematopoietic progenitor cells cultured in vitro and the technique of experimental hematology.Results Sepia could enhance the number of CFU-S,CFU-GM and peripheral WBC in normal mice significantly,resist the decrease of CFU-S,CFU-GM,and peripheral WBC in model mice of hemapoiecsis impaired effectively and promote the restoration of those indices mentioned above in model mice significantly.Conclusion Sepia has significant effects on stimulating granulopoiesis in bone marrow in mice.The mechanism may be related to regulating immunological function and inducement GM-CSF and other sorts of cellular factors,which in turn promote the multiplication differentiation of CFU-S and CFU-GM.

Objective This study aimed to survey students' satisfaction and cognitive attitude of elaborate course of social medicine to provide a basis for exploring appropriate teaching mode. Methods Purposive sampling was used with questionnaire to survey 646 students who had learned social medicine in 5 universities in Guangdong province. The survey included the social medicine curriculum, teaching situation, students' satisfaction and cognitive attitude of elaborate course of so-cial medicine. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the demographic characteristics and curriculum. The t test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the means of students' satisfaction and cognitive attitude of elaborate course in different universities, using the test level of 0.05. Results The lecture-based learning was the main teaching mode. 335(52.7%) students thought it necessary to learn social medicine, but only 27.2%of the students(173 students) were interested in social medicine and 65(10.2%) students could take the initiative to read about extracurricular books. Overall satisfac-tion with using network resources of elaborate course in two universities that had university-level elab-orate course of social medicine were (2.78 ± 0.55) and (3.01 ± 0.30) respectively and the difference was statistically significant(t=-3.97,P<0.01). The cognitive attitude of the students in 5 universities with using network resources of elaborate course was (3.09±0.66) and the difference was statistically significant(F=3.70,P<0.01). Conclusion Social medicine teaching has been paid attention to in 5 universities, but there were some common problems: ①putting emphasis on theory and ignoring prac-tice in teaching mode; ②putting emphasis on credit and ignoring effectiveness in learning; ③and putting emphasis on construction and ignoring using in network resources of elaborate course of social medicine.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Xinghuang tablets on tumor growth and immunologic function in S 180 sarcoma-bearing mice.METHODS:The model of mice with S 180 sarcoma were given Xinhuang tablets intragastrically to ob?serve the effects on the ratio of tumor to body,the inhibition rate of tumor,the indices of the spleen and thymus,and the rate of micronuclei in PCE in bone marrow of the mice.RESULTS:The body weight of the mice with S 180 sarcoma was decreased;the growth of the tumor was inhibited;the weight of spleen was increased;the number of leucocyte of peripheral blood was raised(P

Objective To explore whether brimonidine has a protective effect on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through improving mitochondrial function under the oxidative stress.Methods Mouse RGC-5 cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing low concentration of glucose (1 g/L),10％ fetal bovine serum and 100 U/ml penicillin-streptomycin solution.The cells were divided into normal control group,H2O2-treated group and brimonidine+ H2O2 group.H2O2 at the concentration of 800 μmol/L was added into the medium in the H2O2-treated group,and 1 μmol/L brimonidine was added into the medium for 2 hours prior to the addition of H2O2 in the brimonidine+H2O2 group.The cells were sequently cultured for 24 hours.The morphology of the cell nucleus was examined by Hoechst fluorscence staining.The expressions of apoptosis-related protein in the cells were detected by Western blot assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by JC-1 staining.Results The cell nuclei showed round or oval in shape with consistent size in the normal control group.The pycnosis and karyorrhexis of the cell nuclei were seen in the H2O2-treated group,and less abnormal nuclei were found in the brimonidine+H2O2 group.The relative expression level of bcl-2 protein in the cells was 0.76±0.15,0.50±0.13 and 0.75±0.17 in the normal control group,H2O2-treated group and brimonidine + H2O2 group,respectively,and the expression of bcl-2 protein in the H2O2-treated group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group and brimonidine+H2O2 group (both at P＜0.05).The relative expression level of bax protein in the cells was 0.65±0.13,0.83±0.07 and 0.70±0.10 in the normal control group,H2O2-treated group and brimonidine+H2O2 group,respectively,and the expression of bax protein in the H2O2-treated group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group and brimonidine+H2O2 group (both at P＜0.05).A strong orange fluorescence was seen in the mitochondrial membrane of RGC-5 in the normal control group with a coexpression with the green fluorescence of cell membrane.In the H2O2-treated group,the orange fluorescence intensity in the cells was evidently weakened,and the number of JC-1 responsed cells was considerably increased and the orange fluorescence intensity was enhanced in the brimonidine + H2O2 group.Conclusions Brimonidine can prevent RGCs from oxidative-stress damage by improving the mitochondrial function and therefore play a potential neuroprotective effect on optic nerve.