In recent years,the role of phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5)has been highlighted in the development and progression of neurological disease.PDE5 inhibitors show significant effect of neruoprotection,which may be related with some effects such as resistance to stroke,anti-oxidation,inhibition of neuroinflammation and amelioration of cognitive deficits.Based on the domestic and overseas researches about PDE5,this review systematically summarized the neuroprotection of PDE5 and their related mechanisms.

Humans ; Myocardium ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplantation recipients.Method The clinical data of 8 renal transplantation recipients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis infection were retrospectively analyzed.Result Fever,cough and expectoration were the most common symptoms,however,lacking typicality.Images of chest Xray and CT scan were various and couldn't verify TB infection from pneumonia.Seven of 8 cases were diagnosed through invasive methods,either bronchofibroscope or fiberthoracoscopy.Immunosuppressants were decreased in all cases.Three-drug regimens,including isoniazide,rifampicin and ethambutol or pyrazinarnide,were administrated as anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.All the cases were cured,without episodes like acute rejection and liver function impairment.Conclusion Routine examinations are not sufficient to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in kidney transplantation recipients.While,invasive methods like bronchofibroscope and fiberthoracoscope are helpful.When diagnosed,patients should receive normative anti-tuberculosis treatment and immunosuppressive agents adjustment,which can benefit the prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplantation recipients.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been gradually developed to improve the prognosis of cerebral infarction and its sequelae in clinical trials, which has been identified as effective and safe. A small sample size, however, results in the lack of evidence-based medical evidence.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy of MSC transplantation on the prognosis of cerebral infarction. METHODS: In order to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MSC transplantation for the prognosis of cerebral infarction, we searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP Data from its inception to November 2016. Articles addressing MSCs transplantation alone or with conventional drug treatment and/or rehabilitation training versus conventional drug treatment alone or with rehabilitation training were included. Two authors independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Thereafter, qualitative description and Meta-analysis were performed. RESLUTS AND CONCLUSION: Ten RCTs involving 626 cerebral infarction patients were included in the Meta-analysis. The results showed that the MSCs group was superior to the control group with statistical significance in the daily life ability(Barthel index)[MD=20.06, 95%CI(9.95,30.18),P=0.000 1],motor function(Fugl-Meyer scale)[MD=14.60,95% CI(12.96,16.25),P<0.000 01],personal disability (functional independent measure)[MD=15.16,95%CI(9.06,21.26),P<0.000 01]and neurological deficit score(National Institute of Health stroke scale)[MD=-2.59,95% CI(-3.14,-2.05),P<0.000 01].Low fever and mild headache were reported by four included studies,and waist pain was only by one study, but these symptoms went away by themselves or after symptomatic treatment. Subgroup analysis suggested that MSCs from the bone marrow were superior to those from the umbilical cord and cord blood, but showed a greater heterogeneity. It is suggested that the MSC transplantation ameliorate the prognosis in patients with cerebral infarction, significantly improve the activities of daily living, motor function, personal disability and neurological function, with no presence of serious adverse effects. However, high-quality studies with large sample size are required for further investigation on the clinical application of MSC transplantation.

Photosynthetic bacteria(PSB) showed great promise in biohydrogen production. Chromatium vinosum was able to utilize the fermentation waste of Klebsiella oxytoca for both photo-fermentative and dark-fermentative hydrogen production. The content of residual sugars and main organic acids decreased obviously after hydrogen production by C.vinosum. The maximal hydrogen production of C.vinosum was obtained at pH 6.5 adding extra 0.1%(W/W) NH_4Cl. Under photo-fermentative conditions, the content of butyric acid decreased by 54.38%, and the maximal hydrogen yield was 36.97 mL/mg cell. Under dark-fermentative conditions, the content of butyric acid decreased by 36.1% and the maximal hydrogen production was achieved as 37.50 mL/mg cell.

Objective To investigate the effect of different delivery modes and related obstetric factors on the short-term function of the pelvic floor.Methods One hundred and twenty healthy primiparae women were interviewed at 6-8 weeks postpartum,with 72 women in the vaginal delivery group and 48 women in the elective cesarean section group.Questionnaire on stress urinary incontinence and measurement of diastolic and contractive function of the pelvic floor muscles by electromyogram(EMG)were used for the evaluation and comparison.Results The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in the vaginal delivery group and the elective cesarean section group was 21% and 10%(P=0.134),respectively.The values of the right act,right work,and average work surveyed by EMG in vaginal delivery group were significantly lower than those in cesarean section group(right act,12.9?0.8 vs 17.3?1.7,P

China ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Female ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Rabies ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibition and molecular mechanism of icaritin (ICT) combined doxorubicin (DOX) on human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in vitro.

METHODSThe control group, ICT groups (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 µmol/L), DOX groups (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 µg/mL), and combination groups (20 µmol/ L ICT +1 µg/mL DOX, 20 µmol/L ICT +2 µg/mL DOX, 20 µmol/L ICT +4 µg/mL DOX, 40 µmol/L ICT +1 µg/mL DOX, 40 µmol/L ICT +2 µg/mL DOX, 40 µmol/L ICT +4 µg/mL DOX, 80 µmol/L ICT +1 µg/mL DOX, 80 µmol/L ICT +2 µg/mL DOX, 80 µmol/L ICT +4 µg/mL DOX) were set up. Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were respectively cultured and their effects on morphological changes were observed using inverted phase contrast microscope after 24-and 48-h intervention. The cell proliferation inhibition rate of each group was de- termined using CCK-8, and IC50 calculated. The MG-63 apoptosis rate was detected using Annexin V-FITC/ PI double dye flow cytometry. Expression levels of bcl-2, caspase-3, and p21 were detected using RT-PCR.

RESULTSICT and DOX could obviously inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 cell. Along with ICT concentration increasing from 10 µmol/L to 160 µmol/L, the cell proliferation inhibition rate also increased gradually from 9.67% ± 3.62% to 89.18% ± 9.66%. The IC50 was 46.93 µmol/L and 3.87 µg/mL respectively. ICT and DOX could cause either early or late stage apoptosis, down-regulate Bcl-2 gene expression, and up-regulate gene expressions of Caspase-3 and p21 respectively (P < 0.05). Aforesaid changes were more obviously seen in combination groups than in lCT groups and DOX groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCT combined DOX had additive or synergistic inhibition effect for the proliferation of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, which might be related with regulating gene expressions of bcl-2, caspase-3, and p21.

Apoptosis ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism

The influenza A virus matrix protein2 gene(M2)which deleted transmembrane region was amplified by overlap extending PCR,and the multiepitope gene of hemagglutinin(HA)was PCR amplified with seven continuous synthesized segments by designing primer.The two gene segments were separately cloned into pMD18T vector to sequence analysis and prokarytic expression vector pET28a+ to construct the recombinant plasmid pET28a+M2dHA.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3),and the high expression strain was obtained by screening monoclones.The recombinant protein existed as inclusion bodies,which accounted about 45% of the total cellular protein.The inclusion bodies were washed with 1% Triton X100 solution twice,and dissolved in 8 mol/L urea solution.The solution protein was purified by Ni+2 affinity chromatography,and refolded by dilution renaturation,then purified by Q Sepharose FF cation exchange column.The purity of the protein was over 90% by HPLC analysis.The result of Western blot showed it has good antigenicity and specificity.These results strongly supported for the further study of the broadspectrum influenza virus subunit vaccine.

The gene of mutated TNF-?D4 gene was amplified by overlap PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expressive vector pBV220.TNF-?D4 contains two changes:substitutions of Pro8Arg,Ser9Lys,Asp10Arg,Ile157Phe,Leu29Ser,Arg31Val and a deletion of the N terminal four amino acids.The recombinant vector pBV220-TNF-?D4 was transformated into E.coli strain DH5?,and the high expression strain was obtained by screening monoclones.The level of expression was about 45% of total cell protein.After purification,the purity of fusion protein was above 90% by HPLC and relative ability was 8 ?107.TNF-?D4 was modificated by mPEG-ButyrALD。After purification,the purity of mPEG-TNF-?D4 was above 85% and relative ability was 8.6?107.The in vivo systemic toxicity of mPEG-TNF-?D4,which is indicated by LD50,is lower than that of rhTNF-?.These results strongly supported for the further study and exploitation of TNF-antitumor drug.