Objective: To investigate the effect of fucoidan on multiple myeloma U266 cells and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: The multiple myeloma U266 cells were treated with 10, 25 and 50 μg/mL fucoidan for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The growth inhibitory rate of U266 cells was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of RAS, p38, phospho-p38, sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) were detected by Western blotting. Results: The growth of multiple myeloma U266 cells treated with different concentrations of fucoidan (10, 25 and 50 μg/mL) was inhibited only in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis rates of U266 cells treated with 10, 25 and 50 μg/mL fucoidan for 24 h were (6.73±2.30)%, (9.12±1.90)% and (20.13±2.10)%, respectively, which were higher than that of the U266 cells without fucoidan intervention [control: (4.08±1.60)%; P < 0.05). The expression levels of RAS, phospho-p38, Shh and GLI1 proteins in U266 cells treated with fucoidan were significantly lower than that of the control (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Fucoidan inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of U266 cells by inhibiting Ras-p38MAPK and Shh-GLI1 signaling pathways. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; etiology ; Transplantation, Autologous

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurs frequently in the chemotherapy of patients with hematologic malignancies; however, it is rarely reported in solid tumors. Because of the latent incidence, TLS is vulnerable to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, leading to a poor prognosis. TLS is characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcaemia, with some major complications such as acute renal failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore,the key treatment strategies usually refer to appropriate prophylactic measures for high-risk patients, early diagnosis and aggressive therapy. This paper reviews 87 cases of TLS reported in the English literature and discusses its incidence, prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between postmortem interval (PMI) and five RNA markers of rat's skin--β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 18S ribosomal RNA(18S rRNA), 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA), and microRNA-203 (miR-203), at different temperatures. METHODS: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into three environmental temperature groups: 4 °C, 15 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Skin samples were taken at 11 time points from 0 h to 120 h post-mortem. The total RNA was extracted from the skin samples and the five RNA levels were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Proper internal reference was selected by geNorm software. Regression analysis of the RNA markers was conducted by GraphPad software. RESULTS: 5S rRNA and miR-203 were most suitable internal references. A good linear relationship between PMI and RNA levels (β-actin and GAPDH) was observed in two groups (4 °C and 15 °C), whereas the S type curve relationship between the expression levels of the two markers (β-actin and GAPDH) and PMI was observed in the 35 °C group. The partial linear relationship between 18S rRNA and PMI was observed in the groups (15 °C and 35 °C). CONCLUSION Skin could be a suitable material for extracting RNA. The RNA expression levels of β-actin and GAPDH correlate well with PMI, and these RNA markers of skin tissue could be additional indice for the estimation of PMI.
Actins ; Animals ; Autopsy ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics* ; Postmortem Changes ; RNA ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Regression Analysis ; Skin ; Temperature

[Objective]To compare the clinical application value of fusion imaging of ultrasound(US)and computed tomogra-phy(CT)or magnetic resonance(MR)(US-CT/MR fusion imaging)and fusion imaging of US and three-dimensional US(US-US fusion imaging)in treatment response assessment of thermal ablation combined with other surgeries and procedures.[Methods]This clinical research included patients confirmed with liver cancers that underwent thermal ablation combined with other surgeries and procedures from Aug to Dec 2015. Both US-CT/MR and US-US fusion imaging together with contrast-enhanced US was applied on the same patient to assess the treatment response of the thermal ablation during the ablation procedure. The applicable rate ,the success rate of registration and the duration required for fusion imaging were recorded and compared. Contrast-enhanced CT/MR 1-3 months after the ablation procedure was taken as the golden reference of the technical efficacy rate for ablation.[Results]67 liver can-cers in 50 patients were enrolled in this clinical research in total. The ablation of 47 lesions in 37 patients were combined with artifi-cial hydrothorax or ascites ,14 lesions in 10 patients with open surgeries and 8 lesions in 5 patients with laparoscopy surgeries. The applicable rate for US-US fusion imaging[52.5%(35/67)]was lower than that for US-CT/MR fusion imaging[98.7%(66/67)](P<0.001)while the success rate of registration for US-US fusion imaging[88.6%(31/35)]was higher than that for US-CT/MR[66.7%(44/66)](P=0.018). The duration time for US-US fusion imaging[3.8 min(2.7~10.0 min)]was significantly shorter than that for US-CT/MR fusion imaging[5.5 min(3.0 ~ 14.0 min)](P < 0.001). No major complication related to ablation was observed. The technical efficacy rate for ablation was 100%(62/62)according to the contrast-enhanced CT/MR 1-3 months after the ablation proce-dure.[Conclusion]For ablation combined with other surgeries and procedures ,US-US fusion imaging should be priority when the tumor is conspicuous in US,especially for cases combined with open surgeries while US-CT/MR fusion imaging should be selected in some cases when the tumor is inconspicuous on US.

ObjectiveTo investigate the experience of resection of superior sulcus tumors using the improved antero-cervical parastemal approach.MethodsThe clinical data of 3 patients with superior sulcus tumor from July 2005 to May 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Three patients with superior sulcus tumor underwent en bloc resection using the improved antero-cervical parastemal approach.The 1st to 3rd rib were excised,1 case with 1/5 centrum vertebra excision,1 case with the 1st transverse process of thoracic vertebra excision,1 case with the 1 st and 2nd transverse process of thoracic vertebra excision,1 case with T1 nerve root and sellate ganglion excision.ResultsAll the patients recovered well after operation.There was no serious complication except for 1 case with secondary Horner syndrome.The mild paradoxicalbreathing was found in 3 cases postoperative dressing change,but they had no dyspnea and tolerance well.The paradoxical breathing was disappeared when the mediastinum was fixed after 14 d thoracic wall pressure dressing.The pathological diagnosis after operation:2 cases with squamous-celled carcinoma,1 case with adenosquamous carcinoma,there was no mediastinal lymph node metastasis,cutting edge was negative.Stage:2 cases with T3N0M0,1 case with T4N0M0.Three cases were treated with chemotherapy (NP plan) for 4 cycles after operation without radiotherapy.Three cases were followed up for 53,37, 13 months after operation,they were all survival without recurrence and good quality life.ConclusionsFor the treatment of especially anterior and middle seated superior sulcus tumors,improved antero-cervical parasternal approach provides a safe and effective exposure.The improved antero-cervical parasternal approach is worthy of promotion.

BACKGROUND: Thoracodorsal artery perforator flap can relieve damage to donor site and avoid bulk in the recipient site,but dissociation of perforating branch took time.Some one believed that it should be done by very experienced physicians and some muscle tissues should be reserved.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method,effectiveness and clinical application of improved latissimus dorsi flap based on perforator flap conception for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of lower extremity.METHODS: A total of 17 patients needing skin flap transplantation were selected.12 latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous/muscle flaps,3 latissimus dorsi flaps with a few muscle and 2 double-leaf segmental latissimus dorsi compound flaps were designed based on perforator flap conception.According to the territory of latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap,a skin paddle in which anterior underlying muscle and main perforator was designed,extend about to the anterior edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle.An additional latissimus dorsi muscle flap was selected for soft tissue enlargement if necessary.Sometimes,double-leaf segmental latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous/muscle flap,including one muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and the other segmental latissimus dorsi muscle flap nourished by the lateral branches of the thoracodorsal vessels was selected to repair two adjacent defects.The harvested tissue area ranged from 12 cm×8 cm to 28 cm×17 cm.Survival state of skin flap,together with shape and function of donor site and recipient site of skin flap were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following skin flap transplantation,one case developed vascular crisis that was relieved following re-exploration for vessel anastomosis.All skin flap survived.Second-stage skin grafting was done on one muscle flap wound.All donor sites were sutured directly.After a follow-up of 3 to 18 months in 15 cases,only two cases received two-stage plastic operation because bulky flaps brought some trouble in wearing shoes.Improved latissimus dorsi flap based on perforator flap conception can reduce damage to the donor site and the receipt area bulk.Double-leaf segmental latissimus dorsi compound flaps can repair both heel and toe wound.The versatile latissimus dorsi flap designed using thoracodorsal artery perforator flap conception is an ideal flap for repairing widespread soft tissue defects in the lower extremity.

Objective To explore the value of two-dimensional strain echocardiography for quantitative assessing the change of regional left ventricular myocardial function in rats following acute myocardial infarction. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 50 rats with occlusion of LAD for 30-45 minutes and the sham-operated group consisted of 10 rats without occlusion of LAD. Echocardiography were performed before operation, which was defined as baseline, and 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation. Left ventricular internal diameter at diastole ( LVIDd) and systole < LVIDs), fractional shortening( FS), ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular mass(LVM) were measured by anatomical M-model echocardiography. High frame rate two-dimensional images were recorded in the left ventricular short-axis views at the papillary muscle level. Peak systolic radial strain(PRS) and circumferential strain(PCS) of each segment were measured using 2-dimensional strain software. The rats were sacrificed and the infarcted size of each segment was measured using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) after echocardiography was performed. Fibrosis of left ventricular myocardium was displayed using Van Gieson stain in 1 weeks after infarction. Results Based on the TTC findings,the left ventricle of the study group was divided into three regions:infarcted,peri-infarct and remote myocardial regions. Van Gieson stain showed fibrosis existed in all the three regions. Compared with baseline and sham-operated group, PRS and PCS of infarcted, peri-infarct and remote myocardial regions of the study group significantly decreased within 1 week after operation ( P <0. 01) and persisted for 8 weeks. PCS and PRS of infarcted, peri-infarct and remote myocardial regions of the study group in 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation showed no significant difference when compared with those in 1 week after operation ( P >0. 01). Compared with baseline and sham-operated group,LVIDd,LVIDs and LVM of study group all increased significantly ( P <0. 05) in 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation,and FS and EF reduced significantly ( P <0. 05). Two-dimensional strain obtained in interobserver and intraobserver both showed high agreement. Conclusions Two-dimensional strain echocardiography can assess regional function of myocardium with different perfusion in rats following acute myocardial infarction, and provides a sensitive and reliable method to follow up the process of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.

Objective To observe pathological features of peripheral vessel injury caused by ex-plosion shock wave so as to provide theoretical basis for emergency treatment, prevention and complication reduction of war extremity injuries. Methods A total of 18 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (six rabbits in each group) and placed respectively at 1, 2 and 3 m away from the explosion cen-ter. The animal model with blast injury was made by using fluid dynamite that electrically exploded at 60 cm above the ground. The physical parameters of blast wave were recorded using pressure transducers (PCB, UAS). After explosion, the femoral arteries were examined grossly, histologically and immunohis-tochemically. Results The results showed that vascular endothelial cells were denudated, the spaces of contractile fiber cells increased and appeared puff, the vassular elastic fibers ruptured, flexed and de-formed visibly. Some parts of the vessel wall ruptured completely or partly, leading to bleeding. TUNEL staining and fluorescence microscope found large number of apoptotic cells in endothelium layer, smooth muscle layer and membrana adventitia layer of the blood vessels. Conclusion Explosion shock wave can result in severe large blood vessel injury, which should be paid much attention during treatment of ex-plosion shock injury.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of intertrochanteric comminuted fracture in aged patients.Methods From June 2006 to June 2010,91 cases with intertrochanteric comminuted fractures were treated by hemiarthroplasty using Zweymtüller long-stem cementless implant.There were 35 males and 56 females,with an average age of 81.2 years (range,75-94 years).There were fresh fractures in 75 cases and old fractures in 16 cases.According to classification of Evans-Jensen,there were 36 cases with type Ⅲ fracture and 55 with type Ⅳ.Osteoporosis was graded by Singh index,and there were 51 cases with level Ⅲ and 40 with level Ⅱ.The interval between injury and operation was 2-10 d (average,3.5 d).Results The surgery lasted 30-50 min (average,39 min).The blood loss was 320-610 ml (average,405 ml).The hospital stay was 14-21 d (average,16.5 d).Two cases who experienced with the infection of the respiratory system after operation,recovered through routine treatment.Thirty-seven cases were followed up for 15 to 38 months (average,24.5 months).According to the Harris score,the overall rate of excellent or good result was 83.8％ (31/37).Conclusion Hemiarthroplasty using Zweymüller long-stem cementless prosthesis is reliable option for intertrochanteric comminuted fracture in the aged patients.