The chronology of the reseach on human genome on the second half of XXth century were: 1953, 1957, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1995, 1998, 1999 and 2000
Genome, Human ; Chronology

The use of the term "placebo" was discussed for very long ago, "placebo" had been used in therapy in associating with jugglery, religion, leading to the art of treating disease. Most physicians recognize the efficacy of placebo and magicians have got success. Placebo has latin origine as "placere" and in singular of future tense it means "I shall make a pleasure".
Placebos ; therapy ;

Objective: To investigated the protective potential of ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Methods: Dried roots of S. baicalensis were extracted with ethanol and concentrated to yield a dry residue. Mice were administered 200 mg/kg of the ethanol extracts orally once daily for one week. Animals were subsequently administered a single dose of LPS (5 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneal injection). Both protein and mRNA levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in liver tissues were evaluated by ELISA assay and quantitative PCR. Cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-kB protein levels in liver tissues were analyzed by western blotting. Results: Liver injury induced by LPS significantly increased necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-κB in liver tissues. Treatment with ethanol extracts of S. baicalensis prevented all of these observed changes associated with LPS-induced injury in liver mice. Conclusions: Our study showed that S. baicalensis is potentially protective against LPSinduced liver injury in mice.