Ectoderrmal dysplasias are a heterogenous group of disorders, in which more than 150 different syndromes have been identified. It is defined by primary defects in the development of two or more tissues derived from embryonic ectoderm, characterized by abnormalities in the skin, sweat glands, hair, teeth and nails. Other parts, including the lens of the eye, parts of the inner ear, or nerves, may also fail to develop normally.

Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies directed against the keratinocyte cell surface. Majority of patients with pemphigus develop the disease spontaneously. However, there is a small group of patients who develop pemphigus after treatment with certain medications, of which Dpenicillamine (DPA) and captopril are the best documented. We report a case of DPA-induced pemphigus vulgaris in a young Chinese lady treated with DPA for Wilson disease.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is an old and rare infectious disease. Laennec reported the first case of cutaneous tuberculosis in 1826 and M.tuberculosis was discovered by Koch in 18821. Since then, many cases of cutaneous tuberculosis have been described and classified. The different forms of diseases correlate with the immunologic status of the host, host’s prior sensitization, route of disease transmission, layer of skin primarily involved and rate of disease progression. Nevertheless, the most widely accepted classification is based on the mechanism of disease propagation which can be via direct inoculation, through contiguous infection or via hematogenous route2. Bacterial load has also been used to categorize this disease into multibacillary and paucibacillary forms. Diseases under the multibacillary forms include primary inoculation tuberculosis (tuberculous chancre), scrofuloderma, tuberculous perioficialis, acute miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous gumma. Paucibacillary forms include lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and tuberculids. Strains of M. Tuberculosis complex that can be isolated include M.tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. canetti and M. bovis, M. microti and M.bovis BCG.

Sweet’s syndrome was first described by Dr. Robert Douglas Sweet in 19641. It was originally described as an ‘acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis’1. There are primarily three subtypes of Sweet’s syndrome, ie. classical Sweet’s syndrome, malignancy-associated Sweet’s syndrome and drug-induced Sweet’s syndrome.We are reporting a case of classical Sweet’s syndrome in a 47-year-old man.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in adult and 0.03% in pediatric patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in Malaysia. Methods This is an open-labeled and single arm multi-center study. 36 adult and 37 pediatric patients were enrolled. Tacrolimus ointment is applied twice daily for four weeks. The primary efficacy outcome is based on the Physician’s Global Evaluation of Clinical Response (PG) at Week 4. The secondary efficacy outcomes are Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score, changes from baseline in individual scores of signs and symptoms and body surface area affected and Patients Assessment of Treatment Effects. Results Overall success rate were 97.1% and 91.2% in the adult and pediatric groups respectively. The decline in EASI, percentage of total BSA affected and patient’s assessment of pruritus were significant (P<0.001). Of adults and pediatric patients, 97.2% and 75.7% respectively reported adverse effect. The most common adverse effect reported was skin burning sensation in 91.7% adult patients and pruritus in 67.6% pediatric patients. Conclusion Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in adult and 0.03% in pediatric patients is effective for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in Malaysia.